First of all, from the19th century to the 1930s, the aftermath of the Russian October Revolution hit the black African continent. With the awakening of national consciousness, intellectuals with western education are trying to find their own cultural belonging, and they are confused under the impact of two cultures. This emotional reaction in works has formed a movement to safeguard national culture in the field of literature. This movement not only advocated in theory, but also produced a large number of works, which prepared the conditions for the "black sex" movement in the late 1930s. Among them, the poems of Senegalese senghor, the stories written by Diop and the epic compiled by Nyanai are all important works of black sex literature. In the late 1940s, The New Poems of French Black and Margaret, edited by senghor, was a masterpiece of black sex literature.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the democratic revolutionary movement in black Africa was in full swing, and the national liberation movement formed an irresistible historical trend. With the rising tide of the times when the country demands independence, the nation demands liberation and the struggle against colonialism, literature has experienced unprecedented prosperity. First of all, the fastest growing and generally prosperous literary genre is poetry. Among them, Senegalese senghor is known as the founder of modern poetry. Diop is a representative writer of African combat poetry, and his main works include poems such as Hammer. Secondly, novels, especially novels, played an important role in the literature during the national liberation struggle in black Africa and made great achievements. Malan is an older generation writer in Senegal, and his masterpiece Badouard profoundly exposes the plunder and exploitation of the colonists. Da Die is not only the most famous poet in Ivory Coast, but also the most famous novelist. His masterpiece Clone Bill is an autobiographical novel. Archie's novel Disintegration is a masterpiece of African black English novels and so on. Thirdly, drama is also an important part of modern literature in black Africa.
Thirdly, African literature entered a new stage of development after independence. Writers focus on the internal problems of African society to make new explorations. Nigerian writer Soyinka created the anti-colonial drama The Swamp Dwellers, and his later creation turned to modernism. His representative works are the novel Translation and the drama Road. Gordimer, a South African woman writer, mainly shows the complicated relationship between South African whites and blacks. The representative work "The Living Man" predicts in a fantastic way that in the case of total war in South Africa, whites can only rely on blacks for survival.