Looking at the sea tide
Liuyong of the Song Dynasty
The southeast is beautiful, the three Wu cities, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times. Smoked willow painted bridges, wind curtains and green curtains, there are hundreds of thousands of homes. Clouds and trees surround the dike and sand. Angry waves roll up frost and snow, and the sky is boundless. The city is lined with pearls, and the households are full of luxury and luxury. The mountains and lakes are surrounded by mountains and lakes. There are osmanthus seeds in three autumns and lotus flowers in ten miles. The Qiang pipe clears the sky, the watermelon song fills the night, and fishes for the old lotus baby. Thousands of horsemen with high teeth, riding drunk, listening to flutes and drums, chanting and admiring the haze. There will be good scenery in the future, go back to Fengchi to praise it.
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Notes
< p>"Wang Haichao" is also a widely read famous poem among Liu Yong's poems.Qiantang (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) has been a famous city in history since the Tang Dynasty, and developed further in the Song Dynasty. Liu Yong lived in Hangzhou for a period and had personal experience and deep feelings for Hangzhou's scenic spots, customs and customs. Therefore, in this poem, he was able to describe Hangzhou as magnificent and extraordinary with vivid pen and ink. The beauty of the West Lake, the spectacular tide of the Qianjiang River, the prosperity of Hangzhou city, the enjoyment of the local upper class, and the working life of the lower class people are all reflected in the poet's pen, creating beautiful, magnificent, vivid and lively pictures. picture. The value of this picture lies not only in its depiction of Hangzhou's beautiful mountains and beautiful waters, but more importantly, in its expression of the local customs and customs at that time.
According to Luo Dajing's "Helin Jade Dew", this poem was a work presented by Liu Yong to his old friend Sun He. At that time, Sun He served as the transfer envoy between Zhejiang and Zhejiang and was stationed in Hangzhou. The phrase "Thousands of cavalry and high teeth" in the poem may refer to Sun He. Since it is a work dedicated to the officials of Hangzhou, the poem cannot help but exaggerate the description of Hangzhou at that time, and it also cannot help but end with words of compliment and entertainment. But, more importantly, through the superficial phenomenon of "competition for luxury", readers can also see the prosperity of "the city is full of pearls, and the households are full of Luoqi", and the "Qiang tube clears the sky, and the Ling singing fills the night" It is light and joyful, as well as the romantic and unrestrained style of "getting drunk, listening to flutes and drums, chanting and appreciating the haze". All of this can only be produced on the basis of the huge material wealth created by the long-term hard work of the ancient working people. "Lakes stacked on top of mountains," and "smoke and willows paint bridges" are not natural, but the result of working people's management of rivers and mountains and the transformation of nature. "Cloud trees surround the embankment and sand", "three autumns of osmanthus and ten miles of lotus flowers" are all created by the hard hands of the working people. At that time, Liu Yong greatly appreciated this and was proud of it. Today, when we read such poems, we should not be too demanding, or even accuse him of "covering up the class contradictions and wealth disparity at that time." Instead, we should feel the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains from the pictures provided in the words. The diligence and wisdom of the ancient people have enhanced our national self-confidence and national pride. "There is heaven above, there are Suzhou and Hangzhou below" has a long history of praise, but this is not a compliment.
This poem is also quite successful in art. The author grasps the characteristic things, uses a passionate and exaggerated writing style, and in just a few words, the charming scenery of West Lake and Qiantang is displayed in front of readers. The first part mainly outlines the "shape" and "prosperity" of Qiantang, with thick brushstrokes, towering buildings, and various atmospheres. The writing method goes from general to specific, unfolding step by step, and deepening step by step. For example, the first three sentences point out "shaped victory", "city" and "prosperity", but after all, they are general and direct statements, which are difficult to leave a deep impression on people. The following nine sentences closely revolve around these six words to create an image, and the realm immediately unfolds: "Smoke willows draw bridges" The three sentences write "metropolis", "Clouds and trees surround the embankment and sand, "The raging waves roll up the frost and snow" focuses on depicting the "shengsheng", while "the city is unique and the household is full of silk" highlights the wealth and prosperity of Hangzhou. The next film focuses on depicting the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, joyful sightseeing and working life. The writing method focuses on the word "good scene", especially the people who appear in the "good scene". The three sentences "Chonghu" describe the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. Among them, "three autumns of osmanthus and ten miles of lotus" are naturally good words and are charming through the ages. The three sentences "Qiang Guan Nong Qing" describe the lower class people, and the three sentences "Qiang Guan Nong Qing" describe the state and county chiefs. It ends with a word of praise.
In addition to full emotion and moderate exaggeration, the language, pronunciation, and tone of the words are also perfectly combined with the content of the words. "Wang Hai Chao" was also the first work created by Liu Yong. The Ci Pai is closely integrated with the content and regional characteristics of the Ci. The first part describes the scenic spot and the majesty of the Qianjiang River tide. The words use strong and powerful language such as "raging waves", "frost and snow" and "gorge". The words are short and the tone is rapid, as if the tide is rushing in. There is a thunderous and unstoppable momentum. When writing about the quiet and beautiful scenery of the West Lake, the words are beautiful, the sentences become longer, and the rhythm is gentle and soothing. Finally, a good line that is recited in the Qianqiu period such as "Sanqiu Guizi" appears, and then it is continued to be enriched by lines such as "Qiang Guan Ningqing" and other lines. , the beautiful West Lake is even more refreshing.
This is a poem with strong artistic appeal. It is said that after the benefactor Wan Yanliang heard the song "Sanqiu Guizi, Ten Miles of Lotus", he envied the prosperity of Qiantang, which further strengthened his ambition to embezzle the Southern Song Dynasty.
For this reason, Xie Yi (Chu Hou) of the Song Dynasty also wrote a poem: "Don't sing the tunes of Hangzhou, the lotus flowers are ten miles away and the laurels are three autumns. Who knows that the grass and trees are heartless, affecting the sorrow of the Yangtze River thousands of miles away." (See Luo Dajing's "Helin" "Jade Dew") said that Jin Zhuliang was inspired to invade the south due to the influence of a poem, which is not credible at first. However, the emergence of this legend can prove that the artistic appeal of this poem is very strong. As a senior bureaucrat, Fan Zhen also had great admiration for Liu Yong's poem: "In the 42nd year of Ren's reign, Hanyuan was suppressed for more than ten years, and he could not sing a single song. It was so clever that he saw it in Qi Qing's poem." (See "Qi Qing's poem". One of the main manifestations of Liu Yong's expansion of the content of his Ci is that his Ci reflects the prosperity of the city and the magnificence of the mountains and rivers. In addition to singing about Hangzhou, Liu Yong's lyrics also sang about Suzhou ("Magnolia Slow", "Rui Partridge"). Yangzhou ("Linjiang Fairy"), Chengdu ("An Inch of Gold"), Luoyang ("Youth Tour") and Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty ("Pour a Cup of Music", "Through the Blue Sky"), etc. left a legacy for the urban prosperity of the Song Dynasty Imagery.