Ambassador Wang Wei went to the fortress to appreciate this poem, which is one of Wang Wei's representative works. What is the famous sentence? The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen? This is the most wonderful and famous poem describing the desert scenery.
Introduction:
This is a poem describing the frontier fortress, which shows the author's tragic feelings. Its original text is as follows:
Go to the frontier to carry out tasks
Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
Look at the answer:
1. What is the general metaphor of Cao Peng in ancient poetry? What feelings does this poem express?
A: Grass flies with the wind, which is often used to describe the whereabouts of drifting in ancient literature. Wang Wei used a metaphor to express his helplessness. He is very worried about being excluded from the court.
2. The allusion at the end reveals the yearning for making contributions. What two words does this allusion imply?
A: The word Ran Yan.
3. The word "straight circle" at the neckline has always been praised. Tell me why these two words are used well.
A: Straight and round accurately depicts the desert scene and shows the author's deep feelings. Straight words are desolate and lonely, while round words are soft and warm in the vastness and grandeur.
Bring it to the forefront of translation:
I want to go to the border crossing by bike, and the country I pass by has passed my residence.
Thousands of miles of cornices also floated out of Sai Han, and the geese heading north soared in the sky.
Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset on the endless Yellow River is round.
When you meet detective knight in Xiaoguan, tell me that Duhu is already in Yanran.
Central idea:
This poem depicts the difficult situation of the frontier fortress and expresses the author's sadness and loneliness of wandering around the world.
Explanation of words:
(1) sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.
(2) Bicycle: one car, few vehicles, which is easy to describe here. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
(3) Attribution country: There are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. The vassal state, the abbreviation of classical state, was called the official in charge of foreign affairs as a classical state in the Han Dynasty, and the Tang people sometimes called it the envoy of the vassal state to set the border. Poets used to refer to it as an envoy. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There is Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (see Hanshu? Geography), the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties thinks that this sentence is about the vastness of the frontier fortress in the Tang Dynasty, and the vassal states extended beyond Juyan.
(4) Peng Qian: The withered Peng who flies away with the wind is the metaphor of the poet here.
5. Returning to the wild goose: The wild goose is a migratory bird that flies north in spring and south in autumn. This refers to the geese flying north. Hu Tian: Hu Ren's territory. This refers to the north occupied by Tang Jun.
[6] Desert: Great desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two explanations: when the ancient border guards called the police, a cloud burned wolf dung, and its smoke gathered straight, although the wind blew it away. The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, which is rolling up smoke and dust. According to later generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, it is confirmed that there is indeed a cyclone like a solitary smoke. Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. General Canon Volume 2 1 Yakumo: At dusk, peace and fire will not come. Hu Sansheng's Note: Six Classics: When Tang Zhen looked at the wind, it was 30 miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called the fire of peace.
(7) Long river: namely the Yellow River; One refers to an inland river that flows through the desert north of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). This river was called Macheng River in Tang Dynasty, and it is suspected that it is Shiyang River today.
Xiaoguan: It was called Guguan in ancient times, also known as Longshan Pass, located in the southeast of Guyuan City, Ningxia. Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used He Xun's poems to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi, which is not true. Waiting for a ride: one is waiting for an official.
(9) Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main officials are called Duhu, and each government sends a guard and two deputies to take charge of all the affairs in this area. This refers to the former enemy commander in chief. Ran Yan: As the name implies, it is in today's Mongolian Khan Mountain. This represents the front line. "Once"? "Biography of Dou Xian": Xian led the army to defeat, so he climbed the mountain and went to the fortress for more than 3,000 miles. He carved stones to make contributions to Han and wrote inscriptions for Ban Gu. When I met a waiting rider on the road, I learned that the coach was still at the front line after breaking the enemy.
Background:
In the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736), Tubo sent troops to attack Little Bolu in the Tang Dynasty (in present-day north Kashmir). In the spring of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated the Tubo army in the west. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Weifeng Liangzhou as the censor, went out to the fortress to comfort himself and inspect the military situation, and served as our ambassador in Hexi, which actually pushed Wang Wei out of the court. This poem was written on the way to the fortress.
Appreciation of Fortress:
If you want to ask questions by bike, you can go there instead of by bus. The place you go is: Your country is too long. Juyan was in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky. The poet compared himself to a wild goose, saying that he came out of Hans like a floating weed and entered Hu Tian like a wild goose flying north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. Echoes the bicycle in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen.
The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: Xiao Guan and other riders are all protected in Yanran. When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
The poet focuses his pen and ink on what he is best at winning. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. Especially the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. It is written about the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent. It is called a famous sentence by Wang Guowei, who is close to you. The frontier desert is boundless, so the Chinese characters of the desert are used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called solitary smoke. An isolated word describes the monotony of the landscape, followed by a straight word, but it shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River, which flows through it, does not have a long word, which cannot express the poet's feelings. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, here is a round word, but it gives people a warm and boundless feeling. A round figure, a straight figure, not only accurately describes the desert scenery, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems.
Posterity evaluation:
1, Qu Fu's evaluation of this poem in The Formation of Tang Poetry: The first four poems are too long, so there are words. Out? Become? Words. No one wrote five or six, so use it? Solitary smoke? Sunset? 、? Straight man? Word,? Round? Word, and doubled the panic, turn out seven or eight, is severe.
2, Xu Zeng's' He An Shuo Tang Poetry' evaluation of this poem:? Desert? Changhe? A unique joint throughout the ages.
3. Wang Shizhen's evaluation of this poem in Samadhi Collection of Tang Xian Jian Jiang:? Straight man? Round? This word is extremely mild and natural. Later generations all talk about the method of refining words, not also; There is no right or wrong without talking about the method of refining words.
4. Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" borrows books from Xiang Ling's mouth to evaluate this poem:? The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. ? How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. This? Straight man? This word seems unreasonable. Round? These words seem too vulgar. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. The benefits of poetry can't be said, but if you want to go, you can go very vividly; It seems unreasonable, but it is also reasonable to want to go.
Zhao Diancheng commented on this poem's neck couplet in Wang Youcheng's Notes, saying, "You can only know it if you see its scenery with your own eyes? Straight man? Good word.
5. Wang Guowei spoke highly of this poem in "thorns on earth":? The moon shines on the snow? The river flows day and night? Hang the moon in the sky? The yellow river falls to the yen? This realm can be described as spectacular through the ages. Seeking words, but Nalan Rong Ruo's works, such as Sauvignon Blanc? Night light? , "like a dream"? Ten thousand accounts are teetering drunk? Close enough.
About the author:
Wang Wei (70 1 year -76 1 year, 7665438+699), Han nationality, was born in Zhou Pu (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) in the east of the Tang Dynasty, and his ancestral home was Qixian, Shanxi. He was a famous poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty, known as "Mosha" and "Wang Youcheng". There are more than 400 poems, including Acacia and Autumn Night in the Mountain. Wang Wei, a Zen master, learned Taoism and was proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music. He was also called Wang Meng with Meng Haoran.
Su Shi commented on this: poetry is full of paintings; Look at the picture. There are poems in it.
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