sweep the dust
"On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, dust sweeps the house". According to Lv Chunqiu, China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying: Because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all bad luck and bad luck. This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Whenever the Spring Festival comes, every household should clean the environment, clean all kinds of electrical appliances, remove and wash bedding curtains, sweep six yards, dust cobwebs and dredge culverts in open channels. Everywhere is filled with the joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Spring Festival cleanly.
paste up Spring Festival couplets
Spring Festival couplets are also called door couplets, spring stickers, couplets, couplets and peach symbols. They depict the background of the times and express good wishes with neat, dual, concise and delicate words, which are unique literary forms in China. Every Spring Festival, no matter in urban or rural areas, every household should choose a pair of red Spring Festival couplets and stick them on the door to add festive atmosphere to the festival. This custom began in the Song Dynasty and was popular in the Ming Dynasty. By the Qing Dynasty, the ideological and artistic quality of Spring Festival couplets had been greatly improved. Liang Zhangju's monograph Poetry of Spring Festival couplets discusses the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works.
There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.
Stick the window grilles and the word "fu" upside down.
In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows-window grilles. Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation and practicality. Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art in China, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on the window, it is also called "window grilles". With its unique generalization and exaggeration, window grilles show auspicious things and good wishes incisively and vividly, and decorate festivals with colorful colors.
While putting up Spring Festival couplets, some people have to put large and small "Fu" characters on doors, walls and lintels. Sticking the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival is a long-standing folk custom in China. The word "Fu" symbolizes good luck and wishes for a happy life and a bright future. In order to fully reflect this yearning and wish, some people simply put the word "Fu" upside down, indicating that "Fu has arrived" and "Fu has arrived". Others elaborate the word "Fu" into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp yue longmen, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on.
New Year picture
Hanging New Year pictures during the Spring Festival is also very common in urban and rural areas. Thick black and colorful New Year pictures add a lot of prosperity and festive atmosphere to thousands of families. New Year pictures are an ancient folk art in China, which reflects people's simple customs and beliefs and places their hopes on the future. New Year pictures, like Spring Festival couplets, originated from "door gods". With the rise of block printing, the content of New Year pictures is not limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful. Some New Year pictures workshops have produced classic color New Year pictures, such as Fu Lushou's Samsung, God bless the people, abundant crops, prosperous livestock and welcoming the New Year, to meet people's good wishes of celebrating and praying for the New Year. There are three important producing areas of Chinese New Year pictures: Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong; Three schools of New Year pictures have been formed, each with its own characteristics.
The earliest existing collection of New Year pictures in China is the woodcut New Year pictures of the Southern Song Dynasty, which depict four ancient beauties: Wang Zhaojun, Zhao, Ban Ji and Lvzhu. The most popular folk painting is the Year of Marrying the Rat. It depicts an interesting scene in which a mouse marries a bride according to human custom. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zheng of Shanghai combined the monthly calendar with the New Year pictures. This is a new form of New Year pictures. This new year's picture, which was combined into one, later developed into a calendar and has been popular all over the country.
stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve
Keeping the Lunar New Year's Eve is one of the most important activities, and the custom of keeping the Lunar New Year's Eve has a long history. The earliest record can be found in the Local Records of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "the year of giving back"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui".
On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and expecting good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve.
In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents. Since the Han Dynasty, the time for the alternation of the old and new years is generally at midnight.
firecracker
There is a folk saying in China that "open the door and set off firecrackers". That is, when the new year comes, the first thing for every household to open the door is to set off firecrackers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Firecracker is a specialty of China, also known as "Firecracker", "Firecracker" and "Firecracker". Its origin is very early, and it has a history of more than two thousand years. Setting off firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, which is a kind of entertainment in festivals and can bring happiness and good luck to people. With the passage of time, firecrackers are more and more widely used, and there are more and more varieties and colors. Every major festival and happy celebration, as well as marriage, building, opening, etc. We should set off firecrackers to celebrate and make good luck. At present, Liuyang, Hunan, Foshan and Dongyao, Yichun and Pingxiang, Jiangxi, Wenzhou, Zhejiang and other regions are famous fireworks towns in China. The firecrackers produced have many colors and high quality, which are not only sold well all over the country, but also exported to all parts of the world.
Pay new year's call
On the first day of the new year, people get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with stickers, thus developing the later "New Year cards".
When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders and wish them health and longevity. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be secretly put under the child's pillow by parents when the child falls asleep on New Year's Eve. It is still very popular for elders to give lucky money to younger generations.
Eating custom in Spring Festival
In ancient agricultural society, housewives began to prepare food for the New Year from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. Because curing bacon takes a long time, it must be prepared as soon as possible. Many provinces in China have the custom of curing bacon, among which Guangdong is the most famous.
Steamed rice cake, because of its homophonic "high year" and diverse tastes, has almost become a must-have food for every household. The styles of rice cakes are square yellow and white rice cakes, which symbolize gold and silver and express the meaning of making a fortune in the New Year.
The taste of rice cakes varies from place to place. Beijingers like to eat jujube rice cakes, 100-fruit rice cakes and white rice cakes made of glutinous rice or yellow rice. Hebei people like to add jujube, red beans and mung beans to rice cakes and steam them together. In northern Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places, it is customary to eat yellow wheat fried rice cakes during the New Year, and some people will also stuff them with bean paste and jujube paste, while Shandong people steam rice cakes with yellow rice and red dates. The rice cakes in the north are mainly sweet, steamed or fried, and some people simply eat them with sugar. There are sweet and salty rice cakes in the south, such as those in Suzhou and Ningbo, which are made of japonica rice and have a light taste. In addition to steaming and frying, you can also slice and fry or cook soup. Sweet rice cake is made of glutinous rice flour with sugar, lard, rose, osmanthus, mint, vegetable paste and other ingredients. They are fine in workmanship and can be steamed directly or fried with egg white.
The night before the real Chinese New Year is called Reunion Night. A wanderer who has left his hometown has to go home from thousands of miles away. During the Spring Festival, the whole family will sit around and wrap jiaozi. Jiaozi's practice is to use flour to make dumpling wrappers first, and then use leather bags to fill them. The contents of stuffing are varied, and all kinds of meat, eggs, seafood and seasonal vegetables can be stuffed. The orthodox practice in jiaozi is to cook it with clear water, remove it and mix it with vinegar, minced garlic and vegetables. There are also methods of frying jiaozi and baking jiaozi (fried dumpling). Because the word "he" in dough mixing means "he"; Jiaozi's "jiao" and "glue" are homophonic, and "harmony" and "glue" have the meaning of reunion, so jiaozi is used to symbolize the reunion of acacia; It is very auspicious to make friends with older people; In addition, jiaozi, which is shaped like an ingot, has the auspicious meaning of "making a fortune" when eating jiaozi in the New Year. A large and small family got together to wrap jiaozi, which is happy event celebrated by Beijingers during the Spring Festival.
The custom of celebrating the Spring Festival in Beijing is very interesting. The so-called Spring Festival refers to the first day of the first lunar month in China. It heralds a new beginning, the revival of everything, the arrival of spring and the beginning of a year's farming. Therefore, it has always been valued by China people. Later, the Gregorian calendar was implemented, and the country took Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as the date.
"New Year's Day", the lunar calendar's "Happy New Year", had to settle for the second best and change its name to "Spring Festival". However, in order to celebrate the Spring Festival, silk ...
Guangzhou Folk Festival
Guangzhou is a famous southern Guangdong city with rich folk customs. In recent years, on the basis of celebrating traditional national festivals such as Spring Festival, New Year's Day, May Day and National Day, Guangzhou has carried out eight annual festivals with Guangzhou characteristics, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and February Wave in the lunar calendar.
Luomiao birthday party, Dragon Boat Festival (during which there is a grand festival celebration-Dragon Boat Festival), Panyu Lotus Festival. ...
Local characteristics: tea house
Sitting in teahouses is a special hobby of Chengdu people, so teahouses are everywhere in urban and rural areas. Chengdu Teahouses not only have a long history and a large number, but also have their own unique style. No matter which teahouse you walk into, you will feel a strong taste of Chengdu: bamboo chairs, small square tables, three sets of tea sets with lids, and ancient ones.
Tiger stove, copper pot and waiter. ...
festival
Chengdu Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month is a traditional folk activity developed on the basis of Lantern Festival. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, described the grand occasion of the Chengdu Lantern Festival in his poem "Going to the Yuan Dynasty": "The magnificent peak of the winding stadium has thousands of tourists and ladies; Advocating the boiling at noon, the evening lights move. " ...
on one's pins
Most Dai people in Xishuangbanna live by the water of Pingba or by the mountains and rivers in the valley. The house is a "trunk" bamboo building. Individual ethnic groups call the buildings they live in "extraordinary". Dai people pay special attention to the naming of local place names and village names. Generally, it is based on the local natural scenery, environmental characteristics and
Some place names and village names are named after historical legends, often with a certain religious color. For example, Yun Jinghong means "City of Dawn" in Dai language. According to legend, that's ...
Dress
In the traditional clothing of Dai people, men usually wear collarless cardigans and narrow-sleeved cardigans, with trousers under them and wrapped in white or blue cloth. Women wear light-colored tight-fitting short-sleeved tops and floral skirts. Dai women should wear satin, nylon and corduroy on festivals or festive days. small
Bu Xiao likes to take a small umbrella when she goes out. Dai women are very particular about hair accessories. Most of them have long hair hanging over their heads, and some hang over their heads. ...
prescribe a diet
The Dai people in Xishuangbanna live on rice, especially glutinous rice. Many families live on glutinous rice. Most non-staple foods like sour taste and aquatic products. Dai people also like to drink, and sweet rice wine is a favorite drink for men, women and children. Rice wine bars are usually brewed by themselves. Dai people also like to eat bamboo tube boards. Cooking of bamboo rice
The method is: use a section of bamboo or sweet bamboo, and dig one end through the rice to be loaded. Most of the rice used to make bamboo tube handles is Lu Daoxiang rice or purple rice. After the rice is washed and soaked in water, it can be straightened ...
marry
Young Dai men and women are looking for lifelong partners and are completely free to fall in love. There are many unique ways to change love. For example, the way of love, such as a little boy, a little girl and a lost bag, is full of poetry. Small cloth cat string small cloth spoon. Whenever the moon is bright and the wind is clear, osmanthus will give off a faint fragrance. At this time, "and so on.
The love activity of "a swarm of bees in the flowers" began. Xiao Bu, who is recording his youth, tidied up, took his spinning wheel and sat on the balcony of the bamboo building. ...
domestic
The family life of the Dai people is generally that young men and women leave their families and build another house to live in after they get married and have children. Husband and wife are equal in status and independent in economy. Both parties have their own property and income, which can be freely controlled without being bound by the other party. Family expenses are negotiated and children grow up.
In the future, I will also have my own independent economy, raising pigs, chickens, vegetables and fruits, all of which are my own. The Dai people are gentle, family and ...
name
Dai people are famous without surnames, and a person has several names in his life. The child has a birth name, and the boy has a monk's name when he enters the Buddhist temple. After returning to vulgarity, he takes back his common name. After marriage, he had a child, called "father". Dai people generally distinguish between men and women by "rock" and "jade", and men take the word "rock" as the head, such as "rock glutinous". woman
Sex is based on the word "jade" and "jade is rare". There are several ways to name a baby: arrange the word "such as" in line order, that is, the third child. ...
Jinuo wedding
Jinuo people in Xishuangbanna live in Jinuo Mountain (also known as Youleshan Mountain) in Jinghong County, with a population of 1 000. Jinuo people don't have their own written language. Jinuo people belong to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is close to Yi language branch. Because there are no words, Jinuo literature is all oral literature, which can be roughly classified as
Myths and legends, stories and poems. Before liberation, the Jinuo people retained the remnants of group marriage and couple marriage. Social activities of Jinuo people before marriage ...
funeral
There are three kinds of funeral for Dai people: cremation, water burial and burial. Buddha Yang and noble master were cremated after their death; Water burial is carried out along the Lancang River, and ordinary Dai people in other places are buried after death. According to the Dai custom, after death, the deceased should be carried to the center of the house, and relatives or children should wash their bodies with warm water and then put on new clothes.
. When washing your face, you should wear a coat from bottom to top, that is, the buttons are buckled on your back to show the difference from the living. After putting on clothes, wrap the body in white cloth and park it in ...
Religious belief
Dai people in Xishuangbanna believed in the primitive religion polytheism in the early days, and later believed in Hinayana Buddhism with Buddhist income. According to the survey, although primitive religion was gradually replaced by Buddhism, the introduction of primitive religion generally believed in Hinayana Buddhism. According to the survey, although primitive religion was gradually replaced by Buddhism, primitive religion
The traces are irregular and prominent, mixed with Buddhism. Take the time from liberation to installation as an example. Primitive religions mainly include: offering sacrifices to the gods and fasting. ...
Funeral custom of Jinuo nationality
Jinuo people bury themselves in wooden coffins, leaving no graves. In the past, the production and daily necessities of the deceased were used as sacrifices, and the rich had to bury a silver copper pot. When the people in the stockade die, the villagers will help to put down a big tree, take a section, hollow out the middle, bury the body, dig the area to the depth of 1 m, and put the coffin.
Put it in the tomb, bury it properly, build a small hut or bamboo hut with a built-in bamboo table on the tomb surface, and provide meals for family members three times a day. 1 to 3 years. And keep it ...
Burial custom of Bulang nationality
Burial and cremation are practiced by Bulang people, mainly burial. Most of the people who were cremated were monks and old people. In addition, burial is generally used. There is also a cemetery near each stockade of the Bulang nationality, which is called "Ba Xiao" in Brownian. The cemetery of Bulang nationality is generally chosen on the hillside, and the highest place on the hillside is to bury the elderly.
Brown language is called "Balang Muwa"; The middle section is used to bury young people, which is called "Bagdon" in Brownian. The bottom paragraph is used to bury children and babies, in Brown. ...
Funeral custom of Aini nationality
Mourning is the custom of the Aini people. When the deceased dies, condolences should be extended to relatives and friends and villagers in the village. The method is to slaughter a fat pig, change its meat into strips as big as a few fingers, wear them with bamboo sticks, send them to relatives and friends' houses, put them on the eaves of his house, and inform the villagers of the death.
It's called "Baoxi" (meaning: there is a dead ghost at home). When people see the funeral note, they will take machetes and automatically come to the home of the deceased to help. Aini people are dead ...
At the meeting
Watching the sea, commonly known as going to the pier, is held in Qinhuangdao on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year. When did this ancient folk activity originate? According to legend, 2200 years ago, Qin Shihuang sent Taoist Xu Fu and 500 boys and girls to the East China Sea to get the elixir.
. There is no news of this trip, and it will never come back. It is said that Chuifu can't get the elixir of life, so he secretly. ...
Society: Sichuan Teahouse
Besides leisure, Sichuan Teahouse is also an important social place. In the old society, three religions and nine streams gathered here, where different industries and various associations learned about the market, negotiated business and learned about commodity trading; Gangs often buy and sell guns and opium in teahouses; The "pier" organized by Paoge is also permanently located in the teahouse. Zhede tea house
Most of them also run restaurants and hotels. Every winter and summer vacation, the teahouse has become a teacher's competition field. ...
Dai funeral custom
Traditional funerals of Dai people can be divided into three types: burial, cremation and water burial, with burial as the main one. In Xishuangbanna Dai area, there is one or several cemeteries near each village. Some people call this cemetery Longshan, which is called "Ba Xiao" in Dai language. "Trees in the dam are not allowed to be cut down, so it is called Longlin. long
Over time, "Longlin" is vigorous and lush, becoming a scenic forest, making the natural scenery of Dai villages more beautiful. A graveyard for burying the dead. ...
Langde Shangzhai Drum and Tibetan Festival (Dragon-recruiting Festival)
On February 22, the third day of the second lunar month, after 3 pm, relatives of every household entered Lund one after another. In front of the patchwork diaojiao building, villagers who came to pay homage with chickens, ducks and fish on their shoulders kept shuttling. The present brought by tourists is today's dinner. Gifts are generally indispensable.
Festive firecrackers, chicken, duck and fish, and homemade rice wine. Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival,/kloc-once every three years, just like Miaojia Festival, three times in a row. ...