The King of Qin attached great importance to Liao Wei and was bent on unifying the Central Plains and constantly attacking other countries. He broke up the alliance between Yan and Zhao, which cost Yan several cities.
Yan Wangdan originally stayed in Qin as a hostage. When he saw that Zheng was determined to annex other countries and took the land of Yan, he secretly fled back to Yan. He hated Qin and was bent on revenge for Yan. But he didn't train, and he didn't intend to contact the vassals against Qin, but pinned the fate of Yan on the assassin. He took out all his possessions and looked for someone who could stab the king of Qin.
Later, Taizi Dan found a very capable soldier named Jing Ke. He put Jing Ke under the door as a guest of honor, gave his chariots and horses to Jing Ke, and let Jing Ke enjoy his food and clothes together. Jing Ke certainly appreciates Taizi Dan.
In 230 BC, Qin destroyed Korea; Two years later, Wang Jin, the general of Qin State, occupied Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and marched northward to approach Yan State.
Yan Taizi Dan was in a hurry and went to Jing Ke. Taizidan said: "To lead troops against the State of Qin is like throwing stones at eggs;" It seems impossible to unite all countries against Qin. I'm going to send a soldier, dressed as an emissary, to see the king of Qin, get close to him and force him to return the land of the princes. The king of Qin promised the best, or he would be stabbed to death if he didn't promise. What do you think? "
Jing Ke said, "Yes, but if we want to get close to the king of Qin, we must first convince him that we want to make peace with him. It is said that the king of Qin had long wanted the most fertile land in Yan State (in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). Fan, a general of the Qin Dynasty, was exiled to the State of Yan, and the king of Qin offered a reward for his capture. If I can bring the head of General Fan and the map of Du Kang to the King of Qin, he will certainly meet me. So I can deal with him. "
Taizidan embarrassed way: "Du Kang map easy; General Fan was persecuted by the State of Qin and came to me. How can I have the heart to hurt him? "
Knowing that Prince Taizi Dan couldn't stand it, Jing Ke went to Fan privately and said, "I have an idea that can help Yan eliminate disasters and avenge the general, but I just can't say it."
Fan Yuqi quickly said: "What idea, you are quick to say!"
Jing Ke said, "I decided to assassinate him for fear that I would never see the King of Qin again. Now the king of Qin has offered a reward for your arrest. If I can give him your headband, he will definitely see me. "
Van Yuqi said, "OK, just take it!" With that, he drew his sword and committed suicide.
Prince Taizi Dan prepared a sharp dagger in advance and asked craftsmen to cook it with poison. Anyone who is stabbed with a drop of blood by this dagger will die immediately. He gave this dagger to Jing Ke as an assassination weapon, and sent a 13-year-old soldier Qin Wuyang as Jing Ke's deputy.
In 227 BC, Jing Ke set out from Yan State for Xianyang. Prince Taizi Dan and several guests put on white hats and went to Yishui (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) to bid farewell. When he left, Jing Ke sang a song for everyone: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever."
Everyone cried at his solemn and stirring singing. Jing Ke took Qin Wuyang and jumped on the bus, leaving without looking back.
Jing Ke arrived in Xianyang. Peter said that Wen Yan sent his head and a map of Du Kang. He was overjoyed and ordered someone to meet Jing Ke at Xianyang Palace.
The ceremony of meeting the audience began. Jing Ke took a box with a picture of Fan in his hand, and Qin Wuyang took a map of Du Kang in his hand and stepped onto the steps of the Qin Dynasty step by step.
When Qin Wuyang saw the majestic posture of Qin State, he couldn't help shivering with fear.
The guards around the king of Qin saw it and shouted, "Why did the emissary change his face?"
Jing Ke looked back and saw Qin Wuyang's face was black and blue. He smiled and said to the king of Qin, "Rude people are afraid because they have never seen the majesty of the king. Please forgive him. "
After that, Qin Wangzheng was a little skeptical and said to Jing Ke, "Tell Qin Wuyang to give you the map and come up by himself."
Jing Ke took the map from Qin Wuyang and presented it to the king of Qin with a affairs box. Qin opened the affairs box, and it was Fan's head. Qin Wangzheng also asked Jing Ke to bring the map. Jing Ke slowly opened a roll of maps. When all the maps were opened, a dagger that Jing Ke had rolled in the map in advance was exposed.
When Qin saw it, he jumped up in shock.
Jing Ke hurriedly grabbed the dagger, left hand pulls the sleeve of Qin, and right hand plunges the dagger into Qin's chest.
Qin stepped back hard and broke his sleeve. He jumped over the screen next to him and was about to run out. Jing Ke went after him with a dagger. Seeing that he couldn't run any further, Qin ran around the big copper pillar in the hall. Jing Ke pressed.
The two men wandered around like merry-go-round.
Although there are many officials around, they are unarmed; According to the rules of the state of Qin, the samurai under the steps are not allowed to go to the temple without the order of the king of Qin. Everyone was so anxious that no one called the samurai under the stage.
One of the officials, a doctor who served the king of Qin, used his quick wits, picked up the medicine bag in his hand and threw it at Jing Ke. Jing Ke raised his hand and the medicine bag flew to one side.
Blink of an eye, Qin stepped forward, pulled out his sword and cut off Jing Ke's left leg.
Jing Ke couldn't stand and fell to the ground. He picked up a dagger and threw it at the king of Qin. Qin only flashed to the right, and the dagger flew past his ear, hitting the copper pillar and popping out of Mars with a bang.
Jing Ke, the king of Qin, had no weapons in his hand, so he went to power and cut several swords at Jing Ke. Jing Ke was shot with eight swords. Knowing that he had failed, he said with a wry smile, "I didn't start earlier." I originally wanted to force you to return to Yan. "
At that time, the attendants warriors have arrived at the temple together, ending Jing Ke's life. Qin Wuyang under the steps has also been killed by the soldiers.
Second, Zhao Kuo is on paper.
In 262 BC, the Xiangpai general of Qin attacked South Korea and occupied the Wild King (now Qinyang, Henan). Shangdang County (now the seat of Changzhi, Shanxi Province) was cut off from Handu, and Shangdang was in a critical situation. Unwilling to surrender to the state of Qin and seize Shangdang, the North Korean army generals sent messengers with maps to dedicate Shangdang to Zhao.
Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao (son of Zhao Haoqi Huiwen) sent troops to take over Shangdang. Two years later, Qin sent Wang Bi to surround the Party.
When Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao heard the news, he quickly sent Lian Po to lead more than 200,000 troops to save Shangdang. They arrived in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County), and Shangdang had been captured by Qin Jun.
Wang Bi still wants to attack Changping. Lian Po quickly held his ground and told the soldiers to build forts, dig trenches, confront Qin Jun at a distance and prepare for long-term resistance.
Wang Bi challenged Zhao many times, but Lian Po fought with them without saying anything. Wang Bi couldn't think of any way, so he had to send someone back to the king of Qin and said, "Lian Po is a veteran and doesn't go to war easily. Our army has come all the way here, and if this continues, I'm afraid there will be no food and grass. What can we do? "
Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, asked Fan Ju for advice. Fan Ju said: "To defeat Zhao, we must first ask Zhao to bring Lian Po back."
The item of the state of Qin said, "Where is this going?" Fan Ju said, "Let me find a way."
A few days later, Cheng Xiao, Zhao Haoqi, heard a lot of comments and said, "The State of Qin is afraid of letting Zhao Kuo, who is young and strong, lead troops;" Lian Po is useless and will surrender soon! "
It is said that Zhao Kuo is the son of Zhao She, a famous soldier of Zhao. Zhao Kuo loved to learn the art of war when he was a child. When he talked about the principle of fighting, he was very clear-headed and thought he was invincible. Even his father is not in his eyes.
The prince of Zhao immediately called Zhao Kuo and asked him if he could beat back Qin Jun. Zhao Kuo said, "If the state of Qin turns white, I will also consider dealing with it. Now it's Wang Bi, just Lian Po's opponent. If it were me, I would beat him. "
The prince of Zhao was very happy, so he named Zhao Kuo as the general and succeeded Lian Po.
Lin Xiangru said to the prince of Zhao, "Zhao Kuo only knows how to read his father's art books, and he can't adapt to the situation. You can't send him as a general. " But the prince of Zhao didn't listen to Lin Xiangru's advice.
Zhao Kuo's mother also wrote a letter to the prince of Zhao, asking him not to send his son. The prince of Zhao stopped her and asked her why. Mother Zhao said, "When my father died, he repeatedly told me,' Zhao Kuo, a child, is arrogant when it comes to the art of war. It doesn't matter if the king doesn't need him in the future. If you use him as a general, I'm afraid Zhao Jun will be ruined by him. "So I ask your Majesty not to make him a general."
Wang Zhao said, "I've made up my mind, so leave it alone."
In 260 BC, Zhao Kuo led 200,000 troops to Changping, and asked Lian Po to check the military code. Lian Po surrendered and went back to Handan.
Zhao Kuo commanded 400,000 troops, and the momentum was very huge. He abolished all the systems stipulated by Lian Po, and decreed: "If the State of Qin challenges again, it must be attacked head-on. If the enemy is defeated, it will be pursued, and it will not be finished. "
Fan Ju got the news that Zhao Kuo was replacing Lian Po over there, and knowing that his double spy had succeeded, he secretly sent Tian Lei to command Qin Jun as a general, and Tian Lei laid an ambush as soon as he arrived in Changping, deliberately making several defeats. Zhao Kuo didn't know it was a trick, so he chased it hard. Lead Zhao to the ambush area in advance, send 25 thousand chosen men, and cut off Zhao's back road; Another 5,000 cavalry were sent to Zhao Daying, and 400,000 Zhao troops were split in two. Zhao Kuo didn't know Qin Jun's bravery, so he had to camp out and wait for reinforcements. Qin sent his troops again, cutting off Zhao's road of rescue and grain transportation.
Zhao Kuo's army, without food and reinforcements outside, kept for more than forty days, and the soldiers were complaining bitterly and had no intention of fighting. Zhao Kuo's troops tried to break out of the encirclement, Qin Jun fired an arrow, and Zhao Kuo was shot and killed. When Zhao heard that his master had been killed, he also threw down his weapon and surrendered. Zhao's 400,000 troops were thus wiped out in the hands of Zhao Kuo, an armchair coach.
Third, Qu Yuan sank into the river.
Since being defeated by Qin, Chu has been bullied by Qin and wants to be unified with Qi. After Qin acceded to the throne, he politely wrote to ask him to meet in Wuguan (southeast of Danfeng County, Shaanxi Province) and make an appointment face to face.
Chu Huaiwang received a letter from Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, but he didn't want to go for fear of offending Qin. Go ahead, for fear of danger. He held consultations with ministers.
The doctor Qu Yuan said to Chu Huaiwang, "Qin is as cruel as a jackal. We were bullied by Qin more than once. The king will fall into their trap when he goes. "
Zilan, the son of Chu Huaiwang, persuaded him to go, saying, "Many people died and lost their land in order to fight against Qin Wei.
Since Qin is willing to make up with us, how can he refuse others? "
Chu Huaiwang listened to Zi Lan and went to the State of Qin.
As Qu Yuan had expected, Chu Huaiwang had just set foot in the Wu Pass of Qin State, and was immediately cut off by the troops ambushed by Qin State in advance. At the meeting, the state of Qin forced the land in central Guizhou to be ceded to the state of Qin, but did not agree. Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, took Chu Huaiwang to Xianyang, put him under house arrest, and asked the minister of Chu to redeem the land before releasing him.
When the minister of Chu heard that the monarch was detained, he made the prince the new monarch and refused to cede territory. This monarch is the king of Chu Qing. Son Zilan became the commander-in-chief of the State of Chu.
Chu Huaiwang was imprisoned in Qin for more than a year and suffered a lot. He ventured out of Xianyang and was chased back by Qin Jun. Soon, he died in the state of Qin, although he was ill in the state of Qi.
The Chu people died outside because they were bullied by the state of Qin. They were very unhappy. The doctor Qu Yuan, in particular, was furious. He advised King Xiang of Chu to recruit talented people, stay away from villains, encourage soldiers, train soldiers and avenge his country.
However, his suggestion not only failed to fulfill his responsibility, but attracted the hatred of Yin and Jin merchants. They speak ill of Qu Yuan in front of Xiang Wang every day.
They said to Qing Xiang, king of Chu, "Didn't your majesty hear that Qu Yuan scolded you? He always tells people that it is unfilial for a king to forget the enemy of Qin; Ministers who do not advocate anti-Qin are disloyal. With such disloyal and unfilial monarch and minister, how can Chu not perish? Your majesty, think about what this is called! "
King Xiang of Chu was furious, dismissed Qu Yuan and exiled him to southern Hunan.
Qu Yuan's ambition to save the country and the people and his plan to enrich the country and strengthen the people were pushed out by the treacherous court official, and he was mad. After he arrived in southern Hunan, he often walked along the Miluo River (now the northeast of Hunan Province) and sang sad songs.
Farmers nearby know that he is a patriotic minister, and they all sympathize with him. At this time, there was a fisherman who often fished on the Miluo River. He admires Qu Yuan's personality, but he just doesn't approve of his melancholy appearance.
One day, Qu Yuan met a fisherman by the river. The fisherman said to Qu Yuan, "Aren't you a doctor of the State of Chu? How did you get here? "
Qu yuan said: "many people are dirty, only I am a clean person;" Many people are drunk, only I am still awake. So I was sent here. "
The fisherman said disapprovingly, "since you think everyone else is dirty, you shouldn't flatter yourself;" Since everyone else is drunk, why do you wake up alone! "
Qu Yuan objected, "I've heard that people who have just washed their hair always bounce up their hats, and people who have just taken a shower always like to dust off their clothes. I would rather jump into the river and bury myself in the belly of a fish than jump into the mud with my clean body and get dirty. "
Because Qu Yuan didn't want to go with the flow, on the fifth day of May in 278 BC, he finally jumped into the Miluo River with a big stone in his arms and committed suicide.
When the farmers nearby got the news, they all rowed to save Qu Yuan. But there was a flood in Wang Yang, and there was no trace of Qu Yuan. Everyone fished for a long time on the Miluo River, but they didn't find Qu Yuan's body.
The fisherman felt very uncomfortable. Facing the river, he scattered the rice in the bamboo tube on the ground as a gift to Qu Yuan.
On the fifth day of May of the following year, the local people remembered that it was the first anniversary of Qu Yuan's plunge into the river, rowed a boat and scattered rice in a bamboo tube to sacrifice to him. Later, they changed the bamboo tube filled with rice into zongzi and rowed the boat into a dragon boat. This activity in memory of Qu Yuan has gradually become a custom. People call the fifth day of the fifth lunar month the Dragon Boat Festival every year, which is said to be the origin of it.
After Qu Yuan's death, he left some excellent poems, the most famous of which is Li Sao. In his poems, he denounced traitors, expressed his concern for the country and the people, and placed infinite affection on the grass and trees of Chu. Later, people thought that Qu Yuan was an outstanding patriotic poet in ancient China.
Fourth, Confucius traveled around the world.
He Lv, the king of Wu, with the help of Wu Zixu and Sun Wu, defeated Chu angrily, and even some big countries in the Central Plains were threatened, and Qi was the first to be threatened. Since Qi Huangong's death, the country of Qi has been unstable. Later, he came to Qi Jinggong as a monarch, took a talented minister, Yan Ying, as prime minister, refreshed state affairs, and Qi began to prosper again.
In 500 BC, and Yan Ying wanted to win over the neighboring countries of Lu and the governors of the Central Plains, so they wrote to Lu and asked him to meet in the valley near Qilu.
At that time, the governor had to have a minister as an assistant at the meeting, which was called "Li Xiang". Lu decided to put Confucius, the chief judge of Lu, in charge of this matter.
Confucius' name was Kong Qiu, and his ancestral home was in Qufu, Shandong Province (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province). His father is a junior military attache. When Confucius was three years old, his father died, and his mother took him to live in Qufu and raised him. It is said that he loved to learn manners since he was a child. When he has nothing to do, he puts on a small pot and learns to worship his ancestors as an adult.
Confucius studied hard when he was young. He worshipped the Duke of the ritual and music system in the early Zhou Dynasty and was particularly familiar with ancient etiquette. At that time, he was proficient in the "six arts" that a scholar should learn, namely etiquette, music, archery, driving, writing and calculation. He is conscientious and responsible in his work. At first, I was a clerk in charge of the warehouse, and there was no shortage of materials; Later, when he became a small official in charge of animal husbandry, cattle and sheep multiplied a lot. Before he was 30, his reputation gradually improved.
Someone was willing to worship him as a teacher, so he simply set up a private school to accept students. When Meng Nuo, a doctor of Lu, died, he asked his two sons Meng and Nangong to go to Confucius to learn etiquette. On the recommendation of Uncle Jing of Nangong, Lu also invited Confucius to visit the rites and music of the Zhou Dynasty in Luoyi, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty.
When Confucius was thirty-five years old, Lu was dismissed by three official doctors, namely, He Shu. Confucius went to the state of Qi to see and talk about his political views. Qi Jinggong was very polite to him and wanted to take advantage of him. However, Yan Ying, the prime minister, thought Confucius' thought was unrealistic, so Qi Jinggong didn't use him. Confucius returned to Shandong and still taught his books. More and more students study Confucius.
In 50 1 BC, Lu Dinggong appointed Confucius as the butcher of Zhongdu (now Wenshang County, Shandong Province), and became Sikong (chief engineer in charge of engineering) the following year. He also served as a scout in charge of air conditioning.
This time, Lu told Confucius in Jiagu that he was preparing to form an alliance with Qi. Confucius said, "The State of Qi has repeatedly invaded our territory, and now we are invited to join the League, so we have to guard against it. I hope to bring about Sima. "
Duke Ding of Lu agreed with Confucius and sent two generals and some troops to accompany him to Oracle bones.
At the Oracle bones conference, due to the courtesy of Confucius, Lu won a diplomatic victory. After the meeting, it was decided to return three pieces of land in Wenyang (now southwest of Tai 'an, Shandong Province) occupied by Lu to Lu.
Li Yan, a doctor in the State of Qi, thought that it was not good for the State of Qi for Confucius to stay in Lu as an official, and suggested sending a group of female musicians. Qi Jinggong agreed, so he selected eighty singers and asked them to meet Lu.
Lu accepted this class of female music, eating, drinking and having fun every day, regardless of state affairs. Confucius tried to persuade him, and he avoided Confucius. This incident disappointed Confucius. Confucius' students said: "Lu Jun is not doing his business, let's go!" " "
After that, Confucius left Shandong and traveled around the world with a group of students, hoping to find an opportunity to implement his political ideas. But at that time, big countries were busy with the war for hegemony, small countries were in danger of being annexed, and the whole society was changing. Of course, no one accepted Confucius' proposal to restore the ritual and music system in the early Zhou Dynasty.
He has been to Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai and Chu. The monarchs of these countries don't need him.
On one occasion, Confucius sent someone to invite him with King Chen and King Zhao of Chu. The doctors of Chen and Cai, fearing that Confucius' arrival in Chu would be bad for them, sent troops to stop Confucius on the road. Confucius was besieged there, with no food and no food for several days. Later, Chu sent soldiers to relieve him.
Confucius traveled around the world for seven or eight years, but he met many nails and got old. Finally, I returned to Shandong and focused on sorting out ancient cultural classics and educating students.
In his later years, Confucius also compiled several important ancient cultural classics such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu and Chunqiu. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. * * * has collected 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, many of which are folk songs reflecting ancient social life, occupying a very important position in the history of China literature. Shangshu is a compilation of ancient historical documents in China. Spring and Autumn Annals is a historical book compiled according to Lu's historical materials, which records the major events from 722 BC to 48 BC1year.
In 479 BC, Confucius died. After his death, his disciples continued to teach his theory, forming a Confucian school, and Confucius became the founder of the Confucian school. Confucius' academic thought has a great influence on later generations. He is recognized as the first great thinker and educator in ancient China.
Five, childe Zhong Er in exile in other countries.
Childe Zhong Er is the son of Jin Xiangong. When he was old, he fell in love with a concubine, and wanted his youngest son to succeed him as a prince and kill the original prince. After the death of the Prince, Gong Xian's other two sons, Zhong Er and Yiwu, felt dangerous and fled to other vassal states for refuge.
After the death of Jin Xiangong, there was civil strife in the State of Jin. Later, Yiwu returned to China to seize the throne and wanted to get rid of Zhong Er, so Zhong Er had to flee everywhere. Zhong Er is a famous son of the State of Jin. So a group of talented ministers are willing to follow him.
Zhong Er first lived in Diguo for twelve years, because he was found assassinated, and then he fled to Weiguo. Guo Wei thought he was an unfortunate son and refused to accept him. They walked all the way. When I walked to Lu Wu (now southeast of Puyang, Henan Province), I was really hungry. I saw some farmers eating by the field. Zhong Er, they were greedy and asked for something to eat.
The cultivators were too lazy to pay attention to them, so one of them played a joke on them and picked up a piece of mud for them. Zhong Er lost his temper and his men tried to hit someone. A man named Hu Yan quickly stopped him and comforted Zhong Er with dirt, saying, "dirt is land, and the people gave us land. Isn't this a good sign? "
Zhong Er also had to take this down the steps and made her way forward with a wry smile.
A group of people went from exile to Qi. At that time, Qi Huangong was still there. He was very polite. He gave Zhong Er many chariots, horses and houses, and married a girl from his family to Zhong Er.
Zhong Er thought it was good to stay in Qi, but everyone who followed him wanted to go back to Jin.
Behind Zhong Er's back, his followers gathered in the mulberry forest to discuss going home. I didn't expect a slave girl to pick mulberry leaves in the mulberry forest. She overheard their conversation and told Zhong Er's wife, Chiang Kai-shek. Jiang said to him, "It's great to hear that you are going back to Jin!"
Zhong Er quickly defended himself and said, "There is no such thing."
Jiang's family repeatedly advised him to return to China, saying, "It's no good for you to pursue pleasure here." But Zhong Er was always reluctant to leave. That night, he and his entourage agreed to get drunk, put him in the car and send him out. When he woke up, he was far away from Qi.
Later, Zhong Er came to Song State again. Song Xianggong was ill, and his courtiers said to Hu Yan, "Song Xianggong attaches great importance to his son. But we really don't have the strength to send troops to send him back. "
Hu Yan said, "We all know this, so we won't bother you."
After leaving Song State, I went to Chu State again. The king of Chu regarded Zhong Er as a distinguished guest and treated him with the courtesy of entertaining princes. The King of Chu was very kind to Zhong Er, and Zhong Er respected being king. Two people made friends in this way.
Once, when the king of Chu was entertaining Zhong Er, he jokingly said, "How will you repay me when you return to the State of Jin?"
Zhong Er said, "Your country has a lot of gold and silver treasures. What can I do to repay your kindness? "
King Chu Cheng smiled and said, "So, won't you repay me?"
Zhong Er said: "Thank you, Your Majesty, for coming back to Jin. I would like to make friends with your country so that the two peoples can live a peaceful life. If there is a war between the two countries and the two armies meet, I will definitely retreat. " In ancient times, marching was called a "shed" every thirty miles. "Retreating three homes" means automatically retreating 90 miles. )
Chu Chengwang did not care, but annoyed the next general Chu to become a minister. After the banquet, Cheng said to King Chu Cheng, "Zhong Er has no sense of proportion, and he must be an ungrateful guy in the future. It is better to kill him early, so as not to suffer from him in the future. "
King Chu Cheng disagreed with Cheng, and when he sent someone to pick him up, he sent him to the State of Qin (the capital is Yong, southeast of Fengxiang, Shaanxi).
It turns out that Qin Mugong once helped Zhong Er's half-brother Yiwu to become the monarch of the State of Jin. Unexpectedly, after Yiwu became the monarch of the State of Jin, he turned against the State of Qin and a war broke out. When Yiwu died, his son was at odds with Qin. Qin Mugong decided to help Zhong Er return home.
In 636 BC, the troops escorted by Qin crossed the Yellow River and returned to China in exile 19. This is Jin Wengong.
Six, Gou Jian's serve is hard.
He Lv, the king of Wu, defeated Chu and became the overlord of the south. The State of Wu and the nearby State of Yue (whose capital is now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) have never been at odds. In 496 BC, Gou Jian, King of Yue, ascended the throne. The prince of Wu took advantage of the recent funeral in Yue State to send troops to crusade against Yue State. There was a great battle between wuyue and China in Zuli (now southwest of Jiaxing, Zhejiang).
He Lv, the prince of Wu, thought he could win. Unexpectedly, he was defeated and seriously injured by an arrow. Besides, he is old. When he returned to Wu, he took a deep breath.
After the death of He Lv, the prince of Wu, his son Fu Cha acceded to the throne. When he and Lu died, he said to Fu Cha, "Don't forget to avenge Yue."
Focha remembers this charge and often reminds him. When he walked past the palace gate, his men shouted at the top of their voices, "Focha! Have you forgotten the revenge of the king of Yue for killing his father? "
Focha said with tears, "No, I dare not forget."
He asked Wu Zixu and another minister, Ai Bo (sound pǐ), to practice military forces and prepare to attack Yue.
Two years later, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, personally led an army to attack Yue. There are two very capable doctors in Viet Nam, one is Wen Zi and the other is Fan Li. He said to Gou Jian, "Wu has been practicing for almost three years. This time, I am determined to take revenge, and it is fierce. It is better to stick to the city and not fight with them. "
Gou Jian disagreed and sent troops to fight with the Wu people. The armies of the two countries fought in the Great Lakes region. The Vietnamese army was really defeated.
Gou Jian, the King of Yue, fled to Huiji with 5,000 beaten army and was besieged by Wu Jun.
Gou Jian is at his wit's end. He said to Fan Li, "I regret not listening to you and coming here. What should I do now? "
Fan Li said, "Let's make peace quickly."
Gou Jian sent Wen Zi to Wu for peace. Wen Zi said in front of Fu Cha that Gou Jian was willing to surrender. Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, wanted to agree, but Wu Zixu resolutely opposed it.
When he got back, he found that Wu was a greedy and lecherous villain, so he privately gave a batch of beautiful women and treasures, and please say a few good words in front of Fu Cha.
Fu Cha, the king of Wu, after some persuasion in front of Fu Cha, agreed to the peace of Yue despite Wu Zixu's opposition, but he wanted Gou Jian to go to Wu himself.
Wen Zi went back to report Gou Jian. Gou Jian entrusted the affairs of state to Wen Zi and came to Wu with his wife and Fan Li.
When Gou Jian arrived in Wu, Fu Cha let the couple live in a stone house next to He Lv's tomb and let Gou Jian feed the horses. Fan Li followed closely as a slave. Every time Fu Cha goes out by car, Gou Jian gives him a Lama. After two years, Fu Cha thought that Gou Jian had sincerely surrendered to him and let him go home.
When Gou Jian returned to Yue State, he was determined to avenge himself. Afraid that the ease in front of him would stifle his ambition, he hung a gallbladder where he ate. Whenever he eats, he first tastes the bitterness, and then asks himself, "Have you forgotten Huiji's shame?" He also took off the mat and made a mattress out of straw. This is "Taste the Gallbladder" recited by later generations.
Gou Jian decided to make Yue rich and strong. He personally took part in farming and let his wife weave her own cloth to encourage production. Due to the disaster of national subjugation, Yue's population decreased greatly, so he formulated a system of rewarding childbirth. He let Wen Zi manage state affairs, let Fan Li cultivate talents, listen to others' opinions with an open mind and help the poor. People all over the country are eager to make more efforts to turn this oppressed country into a powerful one.