Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" is the case of Su Shi's Yushitai Prison when he was 44 years old. Wutai refers to Yushitai. In Han Dynasty, there were many crows on the cypress outside Yushitai, so people called it Wutai. It also means that Yushitai is a crow's mouth, and Su Shi's case involves poetry, so the history is called Wutai Poetry Case. On July 7th, the second year of Yuanfeng in North Song Shenzong, when Su Shi was appointed as the governor of Huzhou, he cited his poems "slandering the failure of state affairs" from Li Zheng, Guo Zibo and Li Yizhi in the supervision of the imperial censors He Dazheng, Shu Zhi and the imperial censor in the DPRK, and was recovered from Huzhou. On August 18th, he went to the imperial censor's prison for investigation, and closed the case on March 27th. He chose to grant Yuan Wailang, the water department of the calibration school, as the assistant of Huangzhou Yong ying.
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As for those poems that triggered the case, there are different opinions. In fact, they are nothing more than "words over the heart" and "far-fetched attachments".
First of all, there is a version that Su Shi offended Wang Anshi by changing his poems. Probably, before Su Dongpo was relegated to the imperial court, he went to Wang Anshi's study, Wu Zhai, and when Wang was absent, there was a poem on the desk of Wu Zhai, which had only two unfinished sentences ── "The bright moon is barking and the yellow dog is lying in the flower heart." Su Dongpo looked and looked, and it would produce doubts. How can the bright moon be called in the branches? How can the yellow dog lie on the flower heart? Thought it was wrong. So I changed my pen and changed the poem to "The moon shines in the sky and the yellow dog lies in the shade of flowers." After Wang Anshi came back, he was extremely dissatisfied with Su Shi's revision of his poems and demoted him to Hepu. After Su Dongpo arrived in Hepu, one day, he went out for a walk and saw a group of children gathered around a pile of flowers and shouted, "Yellow dog Rollo, black dog Rollo, come out quickly!" Rollo Rollo, Rollo Rollo. " Out of curiosity, Su Dongpo went over and asked the child what to shout. The child said, let's tell the bug to come out quickly so as to catch it. Su Dongpo looked close to the flower and saw several yellow and black bugs as big as sesame crawling in the stamen. Ask the child again what kind of bug is this? The child said: yellow dog bug, black dog bug. Su Dongpo left the flowers and came to a banyan tree, where he met a crisp birdsong and asked others, what is this birdsong? Others replied: this is called the bright moon bird. At this moment, Su Dongpo suddenly realized that he had wrongly corrected Wang Anshi's poems.
But as the prime minister of the dynasty, Wang BOSS, will he belittle others because he changed a poem? NO, in fact, hatred has a long history. The fundamental reason is that Mr. Su Shishu opposes Wang Anshi's political reform, and political enemies will definitely fight to the death. The political power group headed by Shenzong and Wang Anshi advocated reform and implemented the New Deal. A group of veteran ministers headed by Sima Guang opposed the reform and boycotted the new law. Su Shi firmly stood on Sima Guang's side.
In the third year of Xining (17), Su Shi wrote the book "The Emperor of God" and openly opposed the political reform. Then, he wrote "Re-discussion" and "Three Discussions", which doomed his life and wandering.
in the fourth year of Xining (171), Su Shi was demoted to Hangzhou, then transferred to Mizhou and Xuzhou, and in the second year of Yuanfeng (179), he was transferred to Huzhou.
then, Mr. su began to ridicule, and the fire was full! When Su Shi was transferred to Huzhou, as usual, he should write a gratitude form. He wrote on the gratitude form: "Your Majesty ... knows that his stupidity is not timely, and it is difficult to catch up with the new entrants; Look at his old age and make trouble, or he can raise Wang ... "It means: you know that I am stupid and can't adapt to the situation, and it is difficult to catch up with those new dignitaries; But seeing that I was old, but I didn't like making trouble, I was sent to take care of Wang ... "
At that time, the imperial edict was to be published, which was called" Dibao ". After Su Shi's gratitude table was published in Di Bao, it caused people to laugh at the reformists mercilessly.
At this time, we can see that Mr. Su's ridicule of Wang BOOS has expanded to group ridicule. Shu Xu, an ancient scholar, sent a copy to the emperor, saying, "Su Shi's thank-you table ridiculed current events, which caused a sensation in the ruling and opposition parties and rushed to tell them. He harbors evil intentions, resents the emperor, and should be slandered, blaspheming and cursing without the festival of people and ministers. Even death is not enough to thank the holy one. "
he also found out more than 6 words and expressions of "scolding the lower" and "scorning the public" from Su Shi's poems written in Hangzhou and other places, and together with the four collected poems of Su Shi's Qiantang Poetry, they went hand in hand as evidence.
Shu Shu also plausibly said, "Your Majesty gave young crops money to help the poor, but he said,' Winning children's pronunciation is better than being in the city for a year and a half'; Your majesty taught the officials to learn laws and regulations, but he said,' Reading thousands of books without reading laws makes you know nothing'; Your majesty set up water conservancy, but he said,' If the creation has a clear idea, it should be taught to turn brine into mulberry fields'; Your Majesty promoted the salt method, but he said,' Did you forget the taste by smelling Shao? In recent March, there was no salt.' "
as you can see, this kind of out-of-context and far-fetched will really add insult to injury. Whether Mr. Su means it or not, it is enough for him to drink a pot. Every word is mind-searching, cruel. The case was sent to Yushitai for processing. Su Shi was taken back to the capital from Huzhou and put in Yushitai prison.
At first, Su Shi only admitted that poems such as "Poems from Mountain Villages" reflected some people's sufferings, but he never complained and slandered. However, the trial and torture the next day made him physically and mentally exhausted. In the end, he had to explain these accused "sin poems" one by one according to the intention of the presiding officer, and confessed: "I am guilty of this crime."
Now, it is very interesting to reread these poems and Su Shi's "confession" of poems that he was forced to confess. It tells us how harsh China's "mind-searching every word" is, and how ridiculous and powerless China literati are when they rush and struggle in it.
For example, the first poem in "Poems from Mountain Villages" says:
The old man is seventy years old, and he is ashamed of the sweetness of bamboo shoots and ferns in the spring mountain. Is it because he has forgotten the taste by smelling Shao? In recent March, he has eaten without salt. Su Shi's confession is: "This poem says that people in the mountains are hungry and have no food. Although the old people are hesitant to pick bamboo shoots and ferns to satisfy their hunger, the salt method is harsh and urgent, and those who are far away have no salt to eat, and they have been moving for months ... to ridicule the salt method is too urgent." For another example, the second poem of "Poems from Mountain Villages" says:
The sticks and quinoa wrap the rice in a hurry, and the money turns empty after a while. Winning children's pronunciation is good, and a year and a half is better in the city. Su Shi's confession is: "This poem says that the people ask for money from young crops, but it is convenient for them to float in the city ... The banker's children are mostly in the city, but they only learn the pronunciation of the people in the city, so it is inconvenient to help young crops with the new law." Another example is "Peony in Autumn", which says:
A demon is red and green, and spring shines back with snow and frost. The florist only wants to be creative, and he spends less if he doesn't put idle time. Su Shi's confession is: "..... this poem ridiculed the ruling at that time, taking flowers and workers as the ruling, and taking leisure flowers as the people. He said that he was in power but wanted to come up with new ideas, so that the boy could not be idle for a while." These poems, which are concerned about the country and the people, are just in line with the traditional elegance and satire of Chinese poetry. Those who speak are innocent, and those who smell them are warned. However, the likes of Shu Xu and Li Ding are deliberately picky and infinitely superior, and Su Shi's crime is inevitable.
They woven the charges and confessions and presented them to the emperor, only waiting for the emperor to approve the beheading.