Qinyuanchun·Poetry is not for the poor
[Author] Chen Renjie? [Dynasty] Song Dynasty
Poetry is not for the poor. Poetry is a humane thing, which is better than getting an official position. . There are mountains, rivers, vegetation, and insects, fish, birds, and beasts flying across the paper. If everything comes naturally and the wind comes quickly, the 24th Middle School Book Examination will not be difficult. But poetry is the pure energy of the universe, and creation must be frugal.
Jin Zhang, Xu Shi and Hunxian. You may not be able to achieve fame until later. Counting the generals and ministers of the Southern Dynasties, how many surnames have they had up to now? The only scenic spots in the West Lake are Gushan. The bed is piled with elephant huts, and the cicada crowns are everywhere. No new poem like this has been handed down to the world. Du Ling is old, he has grown up, and his clothes are cold because of the freezing cold in the well. Appreciation of "Qinyuanchun·Poems Are Not Poor"
There are many works about "sorrow" in Chinese classical poetry, and the poems seem to be a symbol of the poet's desperation. In the "Preface to Poems", Zhong Rong listed six kinds of painful experiences of people, starting from "As for the departure of Chu ministers and the resignation of Han concubines". "To show its meaning", "to sing a long song" and "to express its emotion". Only in this way can "it is easy to be poor and humble, and live in seclusion and boredom". Zhong closely linked literary creation with the author's misfortune, which led some mediocre and tacky scholars to believe that literary works were unlucky and would lead to disasters, the so-called "If no one is to blame, there will be disaster." Therefore, Ouyang Xiu of the Northern Song Dynasty once refuted the idea that poetry can make people poor.
The author was inspired by Ouyang Xiu and combined with his own feelings to write this poem, which fully praised the value of the poet and showed the broad mind and extraordinary self-confidence of a generation of literati.
"Poetry does not make people poor. Poetry for humanity is better than getting an official position." The author points out that poetry does not make people "poor". Some people say that getting beautiful poems is better than getting a good official position! Here is a paraphrase from Tang Zhenggu's "Jingyin": "The prime minister should smile at each other's guests, and getting a good sentence is better than getting a good official." The author fully affirms Zheng Gu's language. The beginning of the poem uses concise and clear language to oppose poetry and officialdom. It fully affirms the value of the poet by saying that it is better for a poet to obtain poetry than to obtain a good official position. It reflects the persistent pursuit and pursuit of ancient literati in poetry creation. A language that I truly love. "There are mountains, rivers, and trees criss-crossing the paper; insects, fish, birds, and beasts are flying around on the tip of my hand." These four sentences use the above-mentioned words of Ouyang Xiu, saying that there is a vast world in the poet's chest, and the tip of the pen can drive mountains, rivers, plants, insects, fish, birds, and beasts, All things will come into the Psalms. The two words "Zongheng" and "Flying" here are very vivid and expressive, expressing the lush mountains, rivers and vegetation and the vibrant insects, fish, birds and beasts very vividly, outlining a rich and colorful world of artistic images. "When things come naturally, the wind comes quickly, and the No. 24 Middle School entrance examination is not difficult." "Kao" means that the Ministry of Personnel evaluates officials every year, and one test is the first anniversary of their term of office. Zhongshu is Zhongshu Ling, the highest official in Zhongshu Province in the Tang Dynasty and the prime minister. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Guo Ziyi had been promoted to Taiwei and Zhongshu Ling, and was granted the title of King of Fenyang, with the title "Shangfu". He had overwhelming power in the world. Among them, he served as Zhongshu Ling for the longest time and received twenty-four exams. These are not only admired by the secular eyes, but also commendable even in the eyes of orthodox historians. However, the author uses two simple and vivid metaphors of "when everything comes when the water comes, the wind comes quickly," to explain that it is not difficult for them to reach high-ranking officials. It's just a matter of time. The loyal ministers and good generals who are famous throughout the ages are nothing more than that, let alone other mediocre people. People say that the purpose of the author's use of writing is to highlight the rareness of poets, and to further compare being an official with writing poetry. What is so difficult about being an official? The author replied: "Only poetry is the pure Qi of the universe, and creation must be economical." "Qing Qi" refers to the handsome, detached and heroic Qi. Cao Pi pointed out in "Dian Lun·Wen": "Wen is mainly Qi, Qi Pure and turbid have their own substance, and it cannot be caused by strong force." He believes that the article distinguishes between turbid and clear according to the author's temperament. Here the author excludes those who have dark and turbid air from the ranks of poets, believing that poetry is a concentrated expression of the pure air between heaven and earth. Therefore, the Creator is not willing to give it lightly. The implication is that poetic talent is rare. Only by transcending the vulgar atmosphere of the world can one obtain the pure air of heaven and earth and write clear poems. The author closely connects the writing of poetry with the spirit of communication between heaven and earth. In fact, he points out that poets are born from the best of heaven and earth. It can be said that the value of poets is highly praised to the extreme.
Let’s start with the story about the insufficiency of powerful people in the world. "Jin, Zhang, Xu, and Shi are free, and they may not be famous in the long run." The descendants of Jin, Ri, Shidan, and Zhang Tang were nobles in the world. They had good relations with their relatives, the Xu family and the Shi family. They were one of the four major families in the Western Han Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Xuan. They were either high-ranking officials or noble relatives, all of whom had great power for a while and were envied by people. However, the author considered them to be extremely ordinary. He used the word "Hunxian" to write off these big figures at that time. Indeed, the most popular figures at that time may not have any "fame" that is beneficial to society and mankind. It is completely reasonable for them to disappear with time. "Counting the generals and ministers of the Southern Dynasties, how many surnames are there till now? The only scenic spots in the West Lake are Gushan." This rhyme vividly compares the dignitaries in history with the poets in history. "Southern Dynasties" refers to the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties, all of which had their capitals in Jiankang, located on the left side of the Yangtze River, so they were called the Southern Dynasties. At that time, most of the generals and ministers were corrupt and decadent noble families, and the surnames Wang, Xie, Yu, and Gu took turns in charge of the state affairs.
They were all arrogant at that time, but today some people have little memory of the rich and powerful. Although the words mentioned here (including the "Jin Zhang Xu Shi" in the previous rhyme) refer to ancient dignitaries, they actually refer to the powerful and treacherous nobles of the Song Dynasty, such as Shi Mi. People like Yuan and Jia Sidao are either dead or arrogant, and the world is paying attention to them. The author believes that they will be cast aside by people sooner or later. In contrast, the poet Lin Bu who lived in seclusion on the Gushan Mountain in the West Lake in the early Song Dynasty with his wife Mei Zihe, although he did not have any "fame", because he did not pursue wealth and wealth, he wrote many beautiful poems, so he will always be remembered by people. In memory, his place of residence has also become a scenic spot in West Lake, adding endless charm to the lake and mountains. The poet praises the poet who created spiritual wealth, tries his best to belittle wealth, glory, fame and wealth, and expresses the poet's anger of contempt for the powerful. At this point, the author is still not finished. "The bed is piled with elephant huts, and the cicada crowns are everywhere. There is no new poem like this that has been handed down to the world." "Wat" was the handicraft held by officials in ancient times. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Cui Chengqing's family was full of high-ranking officials. During the family banquet every year, his son-in-law would arrive, and "the wat would be placed on a couch with the wat in it, and the wat would be placed on top of it." Later, it was often used to describe the many children of bureaucrats who were high-ranking officials. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a legendary name "Man Bed Wat". "Cicada crown", a crown written by the emperor's attendant officials in the Han Dynasty, was decorated with Diao Wei cicada inscriptions, and later became a synonym for dignitaries. These two sentences mean that aristocratic families can arrange for their children to occupy high-ranking official positions and pass on wealth and power to them, but it is impossible to give them the talent to help the world. They will not have poems handed down to the world, and they will not be able to create spiritual wealth. When writing this, the author is full of the pride of a poet. Therefore, he cited Du Fu, who most aroused the poet's pride, "Old Du Ling, when he was still young, his well was freezing and his clothes were cold." This saint of the country of poetry, A giant who created spiritual wealth, he left extremely rich spiritual wealth to people. He paid attention to the sufferings of the country and the people throughout his life. However, he himself was often trapped by hunger and cold. One of his sons and one daughter died of cold and starvation. He himself eventually died of poverty and illness. The poem cited by the author was written by Du Fu when he was trapped in Chang'an by the Anshi rebels in Deyuanzai (756). He had no food and clothing and wrote the famous "Empty Bag". There is a sentence in it: "If you don't have a well, it will be cold in the morning, and if you have no clothes, the bed will be cold at night." At the same time as Du Fu, there were many "Wuling young men", princes, ministers, and even romantic emperors who were rampant for a while, but they were not all like a passing smoke. Forgotten? However, this poet who only had "a penny left to read" at the time was able to receive universal respect in the Song Dynasty for his beautiful poems (someone in the Song Dynasty compared Du Fu to Confucius, the master of all works), and became the admired model of many poets. , the author uses the authority of this poetic country to overwhelm the authority of the world (feudal society) supported by wealth and power, making the whole poem reach the climax. The words stopped abruptly. These three sentences not only echo the rhyme of the poem, but also show that the poet whom the author respects most is a poet who is patriotic and concerned about the people.
This poem "Qinyuanchun" expresses his views on the role of poetry, discusses the status of the poet, and at the same time expresses his persistence in creating despite hunger, cold and poverty. The poet's derogation of the powerful reflects the author's The whole poem is full of dedication to poetry creation, showing the pride of "poor and humble". The tone of the poem is high, exciting and majestic, and the writing style is ups and downs. The author repeatedly compares poets and dignitaries, and goes deeper and deeper. The dignitaries are increasingly devalued. Guo Ziyi, who "went to the top of the list of twenty-four exams", is truly a hero of the country. He has made outstanding contributions in the history of peace, resisted Tibetan invasion, and "Jin" "Zhang Xushi" was half a hero and half a relative, but these heroes were only loyal to the Han Dynasty and had little to do with Anbang's efforts to quell the chaos. This was much worse than Guo Ziyi, and the generals in the Southern Dynasties were mostly corrupt and incompetent. There are very few people who can stabilize the country. The "family wat" and "cicada crown" refer to those dandy children who have prospered under the shadow of their ancestors. These people are even less important. The poets used for comparison range from ordinary poets to reclusive poets. From Lin Bu in the Mountain Forest to Du Fu, the levels are improved step by step, highlighting the theme more clearly, and the arrangement can be described as ingenious. In line with the content of the performance, the author's wording is quite appropriate and precise. For a hero like Guo Ziyi, it is "not difficult" to achieve it, as long as the objective conditions are met. For "Jin Zhang" and others, "Hunxian" is used, which shows the author's contempt for them. For "Generals and Prime Ministers of the Southern Dynasties", the word "suan" is used, which means "what's the point of calculating". For the children of nobles, it is a no-no. From this point of view, although the rhetoric of this word is simple and easy to understand, it is expressive. A brief introduction to Chen Renjie, the author of "Qinyuanchun Poems Are Not Poor"
Chen Renjie (1218-1243), a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty in Changle (now Fuzhou, Fujian), also known as Chen Jingguo, also known as Gangfu and Guifeng. He was also the shortest-lived poet in the Song Dynasty, dying at the age of only 26. He has 31 existing lyrics, all of which are in the tune of "Qinyuanchun". This is a rare way of using tunes in the history of poetry in the Song and Song Dynasties.
Other works by Chen Renjie
○ Qinyuanchun·Ding You’s thoughts at the age of 1
○ Qinyuanchun·Send Gao Junshao on a trip to Xiao·Sichuan
○ Qinyuanchun · Presented to Chen Yongming
○ More works by Chen Renjie