Poetry is one of the most exquisite systems in the history of China literature. After the development stages of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, it declined in the Han Dynasty, especially in the 400-year period of the Han Dynasty. In the Jian 'an period, poetry creation reached a new climax and shone brilliantly. One of the most typical is Cao Cao, the first person of Jian 'an Style. Correctly evaluating Cao Cao's outlook on life, values, morality and personality, and discussing the personality charm of his works are not only of certain significance to the research direction and attitude of China classical literature, but also of certain practical significance to further tap the essence of China classical literature and carry forward the history and culture of the Chinese nation.
1, Cao Cao is a hero
As an outstanding feudal class ruler in the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao's country has a vast territory and strong influence. His poems are magnificent, generous and sad. The hegemonism of soldiers and the romanticism of poets collided in his mind, forming a very contradictory figure in life. Therefore, in different historical stages, people's evaluation of him is different. To understand Cao Cao and his poems, we should contact his actions, find his true side from history, and know the real Cao Cao through literary distortion and criticism or overcorrection of public opinion. In this way, we can accurately understand the thought of his poetry, feel the unique charm of the poet and grasp the significance of his poetry in the times. Lu Xun said that The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the "painted traitor" on the stage were "not the real way to observe Cao Cao".
2. The personality charm of Cao Cao's poems.
Cao Cao was an outstanding strategist, writer and politician in the Three Kingdoms period. He combines the lofty sentiments of soldiers with the sadness of poets. Cao Cao's "climbing a mountain must be endowed, and new poems must be moved." He is a pioneer in creating a new situation in Jian 'an literature, and has created a lot of poems in his long military career. Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious, unpretentious, fresh in thought and vigorous in momentum, dare to break through the shackles of traditional forms and win with affection and charm. Military hegemonism and the poet's romanticism collided in his mind, which made his poems magnificent and revealed a kind of generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness, originally the keynote of Jian 'an literature, are the most typical and prominent in Cao Cao's poems. His poems are vigorous and powerful, creating a generation of poetic style and clearly embodying the characteristics of "Jian 'an style". Zhong Rong commented that "Cao Gong is ancient and straight, and there are sad sentences". His poems have a strong spirit of realism, such as "Bones exposed in the wild, a thousand miles without crying. Poems such as "Give birth to a hundred relics, and read them to break people's intestines" are "sighed and sung by future generations". "Old horse, ambitious. Martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years, which shows the spirit of strong struggle and is still told by people today. "In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the composition of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, A Journey to Autumn Deer and Hao Lixing are all elegies in Han Yuefu, but he uses old topics to express brand-new content, which is called "epic" and "a memoir at the end of Han Dynasty". His prose is also neat. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs with Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence. Cao Cao's articles are also very good, with simple style, meaningful words and a good combination of ideology and artistry. Lu Xun praised him as "the founder of reforming articles". But his outstanding literary achievements are mainly in poetry. His poetry, with its personality charm revealed in generosity and sadness, has become an outstanding representative of Jian 'an literature and even Wei and Jin literature, and it still has a wide and far-reaching influence for thousands of years. Hao, wait and look at the sea. To express their political ambitions and reflect the miserable life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty. The literary style of "Jian 'an Style" initiated by him and its outstanding literary achievements have had a far-reaching impact on the development and extension of later literature. Through his works, we can also strongly feel the unique personality charm of Cao Cao. And Cao Cao's personality charm is mainly based on heroism.
First of all, the greatest feature of Cao Cao's poems is the atmosphere. Reading his poems and articles is often moved by his heroism. Even handy short chapters and casual jokes have an atmosphere that is not vulgar. His Looking at the Sea not only expresses the vastness and grandeur of the sea, but also truly expresses his omnipotent spirit. His masterpiece "Short Songs" quoted the poems of Ji Zi and Luming Literature, expressing his admiration for talents. Compared with the Duke of Zhou, it expressed his ambition to recruit talents and realize the unification of the country and the mountains. All his poems reflect this great ambition to make a vigorous career and realize his political ideal in his short life. Another example is:
Go out of Xiamen and see the sea.
On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.
Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.
A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.
Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.
(Written in the autumn of the twelfth year of Jian 'an)
"The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if it is unexpected. " In a word, it is magnificent and uninhibited, which fully shows the broad tolerance of the octupole sea. It also embodies the poet's broad mind of embracing the universe and devouring the sun and the moon. The poet's praise for the sea is full of his praise for the great cause of the reunification of the motherland and his firm belief in realizing his ideal. The poet absorbs the majestic charm of the natural scenery in the sea from the big picture, melts it with his own ideals and ambitions, and then refines it to create a magnificent realm of spiritual beauty and natural beauty. Later generations praised this poem as "swallowing the weather of heaven and earth".