Eight Scenes of Suzhou
Nanshan Snow
Nanshan, now Qilian Mountain, also known as Snow Mountain, is more than a thousand kilometers long from east to west. The mountains are tall and majestic. The snow remains. Its main peak is in the south of Suzhou, with an altitude of 5564 meters. The peaks and ridges are very spectacular. There is snow on the top of the mountain, clouds on the snow, morning glow and evening mist, all changing. Huang Wenwei of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "New Records of the Reconstruction of Suzhou": "The snow-covered Nanshan Mountain is located directly south of Jiuquan, about a hundred miles away, with mountains and mountains stretching over thousands of miles. It reaches Kunlun in the west, Wujin Mountain in the east, and Xifan Zhu in the south. There is heavy snowfall all year round, which lasts for eternity. It condenses and accumulates elements, competing for the beauty and beauty. It is dense and lush, soaring thousands of feet in the sky. Looking at it, it looks like a pile of jade. It is a really beautiful scene." Therefore, Dai Bian, a man from the Ming Dynasty, wrote in a poem:
In the blue clouds outside Jiuquan City, there are thousands of hibiscus trees. The snow has not yet dried.
The plain shadows are fascinated by the silver and the Han, and the clear light does not chase the warm wind.
The air swallows up thousands of mountains in the desert, overwhelming Panrong. ③It’s cold in June.
The day in the mansion is as clear as water, and I lean on the railing several times to look at it.
Notes: ① Ten thousand hibiscus: describes the snowy peaks of Nanshan Mountain as if they are like ten thousand hibiscus flowers. Hibiscus: Lotus.
②Suying: refers to the shape and shadow of the snow peak.
③Panrong: a general name for the ancient northwest ethnic minorities.
Beimou Pingsha
Refers to the Great Gobi outside the Great Wall in the north of Suzhou. It connects Inner Mongolia to the east and Mohe Yanqi of Xinjiang to the west. It is thousands of kilometers long and is the so-called quicksand area in ancient times. Every time due to climate change, yellow wind covers the sky and black waves roll over the ground. When the weather is clear in summer, the wonderful sights of clouds, trees, and mirages in the vast sea may sometimes appear. "Suzhou Chronicles" says: "Three to forty miles north of Jiuquan, there are plains and wilderness, a land of sand and deserts, with no vegetation and rare hills and mountains. The sight is vague and boundless. There is Shazhou in the west, and there are How can there be Mingsha Mountain, a land of ancient quicksand? Every time the breeze sets and the sun sets, it is as light as green waves and faint as clouds, and the scenery is different, which is amazing. "Dai Bian, a man from the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem praising its scenery:
Go north to the high-rise building and connect to the wilderness ①, the vastness is like the palm of your hand ② Thoughts are boundless.
The raging wind is as yellow as mist, and the night moon is as light as frost.
The weak water flows westward as far as Qinghai and reaches from Tainan to Montenegro.
A distant person points to the ancient battlefield outside the setting sun, where the vines and grass contain smoke.
Note: ① Great wilderness: Great Gobi. Endless desert.
②The Great Wall is like the palm of your hand: The author climbed up and looked far away, and saw the vast wilderness outside the Great Wall, as if it were in the palm of his hand.
③Weak water, Jiangtai two sentences: Point out the geographical environment where Beimo is located. Weak water flows into Juyan from the northwest. Qinghai is located in the south of the distant snow-capped mountains, with the ancient ruins of Jiangtai in the west and the Black Mountains sleeping in Beimo in the north.
④The last two sentences: Far-off people, people traveling on expeditions. Outside the setting sun: refers to the northern desert. Ancient battlefield: a place where battles have been fought throughout the ages.
The northern desert of Suzhou is connected to Juyan Daze in the north. During the Han Dynasty, Li Ling and Shan Yu fought here. Li Ling fought fiercely with 5,000 infantry and Shan Yu's 80,000 cavalry for nearly ten days. The Han army passed through Juyanhai from Hangai Mountain and retreated to the northern barrier of Jiuquan County. There were only more than 200 soldiers left (see "Historical Records" and "Han"). Book" and "The Romance of the Former Han Dynasty" Chapter 75).
Golden Pagoda Lingxu
The Golden Pagoda, located on the northern border of Suzhou, was built around the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Huang Wenwei stated in "Suzhou Chronicles": "Jinta Temple is located more than ninety miles northeast of Jiuquan and north of the solitary peak. Since its creation in the previous generation, all the temple buildings have been destroyed, but the pagoda is still there, dozens of feet high. It is a good thing. At that time, I could look down at the boundless mountains, ruins of isolated villages and flowing water. The sound of bells sent by the breeze and the shadow of the moon hanging high in the sky were all very interesting. "The Republic of China. In the second year (1913), Jinta County was separated. Six years later, Li Shizhang from Sichuan wrote "Eight Scenes of the Golden Pagoda" and listed this as the first scene. Dai Bian's poem says:
No matter what year it was built, a peak suddenly rises among the white clouds.
The sky above the North Pole is very bright, and the low-pressure southern mountains are majestic.
The wind brings the sound of bells to the blue sky, and the rain collects the rainbow shadow into the clear sky.
Why should I be on the Dan ladder on the flat ground ⑤, wandering around all day long to be extremely happy?
Note: ①Construction: structure and construction.
②A sudden peak: refers to the top of the tower standing in space like a mountain peak.
③North Pole: Polaris. The light in the sky is very different, and the brilliance of Polaris is very deep and far in the sky, which describes the tower as being very high.
④Biluo: Refers to the sky. Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" has the sentence "The blue sky is above and the yellow spring is below."
⑤Dan Ladder: Ladder to heaven. When: When can.
Yuguan comes far away
Yuguan comes far away. According to Huang Wenwei of the Qing Dynasty, "Yuguan, that is, the ancient Yumen Pass, is on Shazhou Road and is closed in the county. There is also Yumen Pass more than 200 miles west of Jiuquan, which is the ancient Yumen County. In my dynasty, Jiuquan was opened, and the Hu people surrounded it. , and the Western Fan countries have contributed to each other, and the Tao Sutra is here." Although Huang cited two Yumen Pass, he was not sure where the "Yuguan came from far away", one of the eight scenic spots in Suzhou, refers to. In fact, both the Song Dynasty's "Wu Jing Zong Yao" and the Tang Dynasty's "Sakyamuni Chronicles" state that "Suzhou traveled westward for seventy miles to Yumen Pass, and was closed between the north and south mountains." Song Seng's "Xitian Road Jing" says: "It takes one day to travel westward from Suzhou to Yuguan." "Thirteen Prefectures Chronicles" says: "The Han Dynasty established Yumen Pass, and their people moved here and established Yumen County." This proves that the oldest Yumen Pass is located seventy miles west of Suzhou. There is a stone pass fifteen miles northwest of present-day Jiayuguan Pass. It is located between the north and south mountains. The stone gorge is naturally dangerous and the gorge is twenty miles long. It is the ancient "Yumen Pass".
In the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Feng Sheng pacified Hexi and built a fort on the high hill in the south of the pass. Because of the name of the mountain, it was renamed "Jiayu Pass". Therefore, Jiayuguan is the stand-in for ancient Yumen Pass, and ancient Yumen Pass is the predecessor of Jiayuguan. Dai Bian, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, knew the reason very well, so he still named it "Yuguan Comes Far Away" and included it in the Eight Scenic Spots of Suzhou, which is very reasonable. What the poem describes is the actual situation in Jiayuguan in the Ming Dynasty. The poem of Dai Bian of the Ming Dynasty is evidence:
The civilization of the Holy Dynasty spread all over Jiugai①, the rivers and mountains were dangerous and the jade pass was opened,
The Yueming captives sent Wenjidu ②, and the king of Xue Jifan Pay tribute to Malai ③.
The fairy trees float on the vast sea ④, and the graceful post rides on the golden platform ⑤.
Fortunately, the world is home ⑥, but sitting alone in the vassal wall is ashamed of lacking talent ⑦.
Note: ①Sunday: Ming Dynasty, the era in which the author lived.
②Lu envoys: refers to envoys from ethnic minority tribes. Wenjidu: In the feudal era, the state stipulated that all foreign envoys entering the customs must register in advance, and the name and quota should be approved by the court. The customs defense officials would turn on the cock crow switch on a designated date and verify their identity before they could enter the customs. Therefore, It is called "hearing chicken crossing the pass".
③Fan Wang: In feudal society, any leader of a minority tribe who has been granted a title by the emperor is called Fan Wang.
④Xiancha: The raft on which the immortal rides. This refers to foreign envoys coming from the desert on camels, looking like immortals from a distance.
⑤Jintai: Originally meant to be the location of the emperor’s capital. Therefore, the "Geography Chapter" of Volume 1 of "Young Learning Qionglin" says: "Beijing originally belonged to Youyan, and Jintai is its nickname."
⑥Four Seas as Home: Refers to the unity of the country, and anyone can call home anywhere within the four seas.
⑦ Fan Yuan: This refers to the minister of Weiguo. This refers to the Suzhou official office.
Garrison Tower Xiaojiao
There are garrison towers on three sides of Suzhou City. Every fifth watch, the garrison soldiers blowing the conch horn (changed to military bugle in the Republic of China) , urging people to get up early. It was a winter night, the morning stars were few and far between, the cold wind was howling, the snails were beeping, and there was a whimpering sound from the frontier fortress. Huang Wenwei of the Qing Dynasty explained: "The east, south, and north sides of Jiuquan City are all surrounded by towers. Every time the generals wake up, the garrison soldiers play horns, one to frighten Yan An from the garrison, and the other to frighten outsiders from peeping. However, this corner It is said that the moon is about to set and the sky is about to dawn, the smoke from the well is rising and the birds are flying, there is something to be desired. "Dai Bian wrote a poem about the scene:
The sky is as blue as water and the city is covered with frost. At the beginning of the drum, the garrison angle is long,
Enter the fortress ① Several sounds of Hu Bei escape, what time is the remaining star, and the wild geese fly south.
Plum blossom leaves fall and open early②, the willow breeze blows cool and cool in the summer,
The guest pillow alone pities the frightened night dream, and the five clouds are deep to serve the king③.
Note: ① Entering the Fortress: Han Yuefu poem, the name of the poem, belongs to "Hengchui Song".
②Plum blossom... one sentence: refers to the winter and spring seasons, when the nights are long and the days are short, the city gates open early.
③Five clouds: Five-color auspicious clouds, here refers to the palace.
Evening Bell of Monk Temple
In the northwest corner of Suzhou City, there was the original Lifesaving Temple, which is commonly known as "Bell Tower Temple" by the people of the state. Wen Wei said: "The Monk Temple is in the northwest corner of the city. It has a platform several feet high and the bells are rung in the morning and evening. At that time, everything is silent, the night scene is clear, the moonlight is frosty, the sky is blue, and the bells are ringing so loudly that one can hear people far and near. ". Dai Bian, a man of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in a poem:
Where does the sound of bells stir the fountain of wine? The moon in the upper hall is full of frost, monks chanting Buddhist scriptures are covered with frost, and the lights in the solitary hall are dim and the guests are still awake.
Liao Liang has been passed outside the Qinghai Wall, swaying past the white clouds.
After listening to it for a few times, I feel homesick, and the firewood leaves are lowered to cover the twilight smoke.
Note: ① Above: refers to the sky above the main hall of the temple. Juanjuan: In ancient times, the moon was called Chanjuan, but here it is said that the moon is bright and beautiful.
②Lingyan: refers to the eaves of the temple. Chanting Buddhist scriptures refers to monks reciting Buddhist scriptures.
③Qingsai: A border fortress filled with green grass, both inside and outside the Great Wall.
Jiayu Qingyan
Jiayu Qingyan is Jiayu Mountain (also known as Jade Mountain) seventy miles west of Suzhou City. Dai Bian's poem says:
The smoke cages in Jiayu's green mountains ①, and the shadows in Kunlun ② are thousands of miles away.
The warmth is always floating and spring is not old, and the cold light is about to disperse and the snow is beginning to disappear.
The rain is far away and the clouds are wet③, and the wind is sparse and the forest is covered with fog.
The best time to come late at night is to take a leisurely look at the place where the setting sun locks the mountainside.
Note: ① Qiaoyao: The mountain is high and precipitous.
②Kunlun, the name of the mountain, "Archaeological Records of the Western Regions" says: "Eighty miles southwest of Suzhou". "Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen Kingdoms": In the 21st year of Taiyuan in Qianliang, "Ma Qishang, the prefect of Jiuquan, said: Jiuquan Nanshan is the body of Kunlun. When King Mu of Zhou saw the Queen Mother of the West, he was so happy that he forgot to return, so he called it this mountain." "The Classic of Mountains and Seas": "Kunlun Mountain, reaching up to the heaven, is the capital of the Emperor of Heaven." Today's news: There is the main peak of Qilian in the south of Suzhou, with a height of 5564 meters. It is known as the Little Kunlun Mountain in history.
③Yuanxiu and Yunshi: There is still wet white gas rising in the valley in the distance.
Qinghe River at Night
The Tuolai River flows to the north of the city and flows eastward around the city. It was called "Hucanshui" in the Han Dynasty and is now commonly known as "Beidahe". It flows northeast for more than 200 miles and joins Zhangye River. On a bright moon night in summer, when you climb up to watch it, you will see it is as pure as water and flowing like a belt, forming a beautiful scene of the moon at night. Huang Gong's "Suzhou Chronicles" contains: "The Qinghe River originates from Kunlun, reaches Jiuquan City from the northwest, and flows eastward to meet at the Heihe River. The Su people either used it to irrigate the fields, or divided it for milling, and the plains were as clear as millwork. The autumn moon clears the sky, and the color of the water and the light of the toads reflect each other above and below, and the clear scenery is commendable." Dai Bian's poem says:
A stream of water flows from the west to the sky, cold and icy at night.
There are shadows in the mountains and rivers, fish and dragons are dawning, and the wind and fog are silent, and the wild geese are silent in autumn.
I fished on the willow beach, and the hibiscus flowers and foreigners climbed up the building.
I pretended to be a fairy for a while, and went straight to the Milky Way to watch the bullfight.
Note: ①Lenghan: cool, cold. Gui Po: Another name for the moon in ancient poetry. The night is long and quiet.
② Fishing hook: The whole sentence refers to the slanting moon in the first ten days of the month, like a fishhook, hanging slanting outside the willow forest.
③Xiancha: In ancient mythology, the raft on which immortals ride. Cha: A raft made of bamboo.
Dai Bian, also known as Shizhang, was born in Fuliang (Jingdezhen), Jiangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty. He was recommended by his hometown and promoted to Shizhong as a teacher in the etiquette department. He also participated in politics in Guangxi and was quite prestigious. Later, he was promoted to Zuo Buzong Envoy due to his merit, and then he was appointed as Inspector of Liangzhuang Road in Gansu Province. He inspected Hexi Prefecture and County and was stationed in Suzhou. He once acted as Suzhou border officer and wrote the poem "Eight Scenes of Suzhou".
Huang Wenwei, courtesy name Fei Chi, was born in She County, Jiangnan (Huizhou, Anhui). At the end of Yongzheng's reign, he was dismissed as the inspector-general of Guangdong and came to Suzhou. He was the Prime Minister of Liangzhou and moved to the west of Taiwan. He also took charge of the affairs of Sanqingwan and Rouyuanbao in Gaotai County. In the first year of Qianlong's reign (1736), a branch patrol road in Suzhou was added. He made many achievements during his tenure, especially focusing on culture and education. He also compiled the "New Records of Rebuilding Suzhou" and wrote the explanatory text of "Eight Scenes of Suzhou".
The last eight scenic spots in Suzhou
Come to the river and go around the wild area
When you come to the river, you are asking for help from the river. Coming from the southwest of the city, dozens of canals and dams were built to divert water and divert traffic. Suzhou is surrounded by fields that depend on this water for irrigation, and there are gardens and trees all over the fields. In the summer, the water is so strong that it looks like rippling rivers and lakes.
Red water passes through the dam
The red water is the red dam in the south of Suzhou City. All water is clear, but black water is only black. It has been recorded in Shangshu. And Sucheng also has the so-called red water, which is different from other waters. However, although the color is red, it stretches far and wide, with tens of thousands of hectares of fertile fields. What is the person who wears fortress today? Hongshui Dam is divided into East Dongzi Dam and West Dongzi Dam. At that time, the land was high and the water was high, and the fields could not be cultivated. During the Jingtai period, Cao Yun, a thousand households, built a blockhouse on the cliff. From the bottom of the water to the top, the gurgling water, like the sound of clanging, penetrated directly into the fertile land of the cliff.
Xishan Ancient Temple
Xishan is Manjusri Mountain to the west of Suzhou City. The mountain pass leads to the Maolai Spring Road, and inside the mouth is a Buddha statue left by Zhenguan of the Tang Dynasty. There is also the inscription that Prince Nanda of the Yuan Dynasty lost weight and repaired the stele, and in recent years, he has built the nunnery and temple. In the mountain gorge, there are two trees outside the gate of the big temple, and several acres of fields are spread to the east and west of the temple. The deer are crouching on the mountain, the birds are noisy in the treetops, and the quiet forest is elegant and interesting. It is really a beautiful scene.
Dongjian Yi'an
Dongjian is the stream of the river east of Yongfeng Fort in the southeast of Su County. On both sides of the river, the depth is five or six feet. On the east bank, there is a nunnery carved out of stone in an unknown era. It is a dark dome. People dare not enter, thinking that it hides tigers and wolves. In recent years, good people have repeatedly tried to get into it. They have dug holes inside and have the shape of a turtle basket. People suspect that it was left behind by those who cultivated immortality. Therefore, the gods God, Wenchang, and the three officials were sculpted, as well as statues of Buddha. The businessman Yang Su lived here and decorated the gate of the nunnery with several peach trees and a suspended bridge to connect to it. Water flows below it, rocks cover it, and a nunnery is built in the middle. In summer, it feels like people live on an island. In winter, it is strange to see clear ripples reflected in the moon, clear sound of streams and falling rocks.
The pass is limited to Huayi
That is, Jiayuguan Pass. In previous years, there was only a gate and no buildings. Li Duancheng, a man from Wuzhi, Henan, built a building that looked majestic and stretched out in all directions, but there was still no Great Wall. Later, because Zhai Luan, a great scholar, was patrolling the border, Li Han proposed to build the Great Wall to limit the Western barbarians. At that time, the north and south of the pass were limited to the Great Wall. Within the Great Wall, there were towers in the border villages to suppress the Western barbarians. Climbing it, I suddenly admired Han Guangwu for closing Yumen Pass to express his gratitude for the Western Regions. Wandering and looking around, the true heaven is limited to Huayi. There are also many inscriptions and chants by the ministers.
Market merchants
The land of Suzhou is remote and desolate, with few boats and boats passing by, and where foreigners and foreigners meet, so it is best to have no trade. However, businessmen and travelers from all provinces gathered here, with nowhere to go to the west and nothing to block the east. The traders in the market did not stick to the time, trading at dawn and resting at dusk. The prices in the market were fair, and the common people gathered in groups. In this extremely remote place, there are Such affluence is just like what the "Book" says: "Trade has moved around, and the people have settled and steamed, just like grains." It is impossible to see the distant quilt of sanctification, just like the common people in the corner of the sea in Tang and Yu, who will not lead them. ?
Yuquan Living Water
Yuquan is the nine-eyed spring at the foot of Jiayuguan Slope. Winter and summer are clear, and the blue waves are endless. Far to the west, at the border gate, there is this gushing spring. Not only are the people rich in resources, but there are also several hectares of fertile fields covered with mills. The reason why God benefits the border people is that it is a really good place.
Buddha Valley Changchuan
Guanyin Pass is called Buddha Valley. As the saying goes, there was a Buddha who walked here in the past years, so he became famous as a mountain. This is a common saying and is unbelievable. However, looking at the scenery of this mountain, it can also be like a fairyland. Within this mountain pass, there is Guanyin Temple and Chongji Gorge. Fan Monk Chang Jie Si Dong said Xiao Wan Bu, all of them are in this mouth. They led Fan to live as pastors and built many temples and temples, and there were a series of ancient temples. The barbarians breed herdsmen, the green mountains, green waters, and towering trees are indeed lovely. And there is water named Fenglechuan, which flows out from here. There is Chuba Bridge and a stone dragon mouth. Water flows out of the stone mouth. One stone presses up and the other stone bears down, just like a cave. In previous years, when people saw the thin water, they thought it was blocked by the stone mouth. If they were chiseled, the water would be exhausted. If they were sacrificed, the water would flow again. People near the mountain thought it was a miracle. In summer, pine trees accompany the temple, water surrounds the mountain peaks, and there are forts on the side of the mountains. The canals are used to cultivate the fields. This is a scene in Nanshan.
Note: The last eight scenic spots in Suzhou are all recorded in "New Chronicles of Reconstruction of Suzhou"
Jiabiangou (Xintianyuan Holiday Garden)
Jiabian The ditch is located in the north of Jiabiangou Village, Sandun Town, 30 kilometers north of Suzhou City. It was created by Jiuquan Xintianyuan Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. The scenic spot is bounded by the Taotao yellow sand of the Badain Jilin Desert to the north, the blue waves of the Yuanyangchi Reservoir to the east, the Jiabiangou Forest Farm (formerly the Great Wall Forest Farm) to the west, and the majestic Qilian Snow Mountain to the south, making it a fertile farmland. barrier.
The tourist garden in the area has 3,000 acres of high-quality grapes and 300,000 windbreaks. The entertainment park is shaded and bustling, with knee-high green grass, yurts nestled among it, and fish ponds lying quietly on the roadside. During April and May, when peach blossoms and plum blossoms are in bloom, and the fragrance of Elaeagnus angustifolia fills the air, tourists come one after another to rest for a while in the entertainment park. Those who like tranquility may go fishing or stroll in the forest; those who like to have fun may ride in a car or Hike through the scenic area and trek barefoot under the boundless blue sky and white clouds, among the long waves of yellow sand. Go north to the "Tiansheng Spring", grab a handful of sweet and cool spring water to drink, and feel refreshed. Stay for a while and your energy will double immediately. Then go east to the "Yuanyang Pond", stop on the beach and watch the rippling blue waves, and feel in your heart. Thousands of emotions arise, whether swimming or playing, you can't help but be completely immersed in the embrace of nature. When you are in the mood for sightseeing, you can also climb up to the endless stretch of Beishan with jagged rocks on the north bank of the "Yuanyang Pond". Looking up into the distance, you can see the yellow sand, the clear water, and the towering snow-capped mountains. Let you return home happily.
After returning, eat a piece of finger meat and drink a bowl of butter tea in the "Entertainment Park" yurt, and the fatigue from the journey will disappear. Then, in the singing of the "Yugu" girls, they drank highland barley wine, danced folk dances, or listened to the beautiful legends of "Tiansheng Spring", "Yuanyang Pond" and "Beishan". Unknowingly, the sun has gradually set in the west. If your interest is not diminished, you can also stroll on the forest paths and grass meadows among flowers, breathe the fresh air, and be absorbed in the rural scenery. When the sky is full of stars and the night is quiet, you can stay in the reception room for one night. After returning, I felt that my trip was worthwhile.