get up and look at Nanshan, where mountains burn mountains and fields. Explanation: I stood up and looked at Nanshan, where the mountain fire was burning. Name of the poem: Burning Songs, Getting Up and Looking at Nanshan. Real name: Wen Tingyun. Nicknames: Wen Qi, Wen Tingyun, Wen Tingyun, Wen Octagon and Wen Bayin. Font size: the word Feiqing. Time: Tang Dynasty. Ethnic group: Han nationality. Birthplace: Qi, Taiyuan (now Qixian, Shanxi). Birth time: about 812 (or 824) years. Time of death: about 866 (or 882) years. Main works: Passing Chen Lin's Tomb, Returning to China Ballad, River blasphemy, Returning to China Ballad, Fannv Complain, etc. Main achievements: poetry creation.
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Rise and look at Nanshan, and mountains burn mountains and fields.
the reddish evening disappears, and the short flame is connected again.
Differential rocks, Lingqingbi, Ran Ran.
when it is low, it will be exhausted with the return air, and when it is far away, it will shine on the eaves.
a neighbor can talk, but he wants to die.
It is said that Chu is more vulgar, and burning She is the early field.
bean sprouts and insects promote growth, and flowers on the fence are the house.
waste stacks are returned to the column, and square chickens peck at millet.
the spring rain is fine in the new year, and the gods are playing everywhere.
people who hold money will give money, knocking on tiles and ringing in the forest.
Bude divined on the mountain, and returned to the mulberry date.
Blow the fire to the imperata, and the waist sickle reflects the cane.
the wind drives the mistletoe smoke, and the mistletoe trees connect the hills.
outside the stars, before the flying embers fall down the steps.
groan and sneeze on your back, and the crow mother will curse you for being rich.
who knows the luxuriance, it's all official tax.
second, note
reddish: refers to the residual fire after burning.
short flame: because the long grass is completely burned by the first fire, it can't emit a long flame even if it is burned again, but only a short flame.
answer: again.
poor: the fire spread, uneven before and after.
Ran Ran: The way to move forward gradually.
ling: ascend.
blue wall: a blue stone wall.
low: the low place in Zhinan Mountain.
return air: swirling wind.
exhaustion: when the fire is exhausted, the fire goes out.
Chu Yan: According to Chu dialect, the area of ancient Chu was vast, mainly in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Hanshui River basin, namely Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provinces today.
lean: lean. The same as "Zhong", that is, shovel.
suddenly: the appearance of tears.
yue: there was yue in ancient times, in the northern part of Zhejiang province today.
burning she: a method of planting dry land, which is to first set fire to remove vegetation on the ground to turn ashes into fertilizer, and then plant seeds. This is a relatively extensive farming method used in a sparsely populated area, also known as "fire farming" or "kindling".
insect-promoting: it means that bean seedlings grow like curled-up insects, and their words are flourishing. Promote, that is, frown and curl up.
waste stack: a broken wooden shed, which refers to a farmhouse pigsty here.
tapir: pig.
pen: wooden pen, which refers to the pigsty.
god-playing games: god-playing games. In rural areas, when god-playing games are held, gongs and drums are often played and cultural programs are sung, which rewards god and entertains people.
just people: go to the people. Just, close. People, diviners, diviners.
divination.
knocking on tiles: a witchcraft custom. It is called "Wabu" by breaking tiles and observing their cracks.
mountain divination: divinatory symbols suitable for farming.
imperata: the name of grass. When burning houses, it is the time when imperata is flourishing all over the mountain.
_: red.
Quercus: the name of the tree, a deciduous tree, with a height of two or three feet, large obovate leaves and a length of about four or five inches. Mistletoe leaves remain on the branches in winter, and they don't fall off until the buds appear in the next year.
pop star: the flying Mars.
beyond the clouds: beyond the sky, describing that Mars flies high.
ember: what remains after an object burns.
crow mother: it is an auspicious omen that crows fly to other people's homes, which indicates a good year. Wish. Refers to the harvest of crops. All of them.
3. Appreciation
This poem describes the burning of She in Nanshan witnessed by the author, and records the introduction of the old man next door about the farming of Chu and Yue burning She. From these descriptions, the farmers' hard work, kindness and hope for life are shown. From these descriptions, it shows the seriousness of official exploitation and the harm of official tax. The poet's sympathy for the peasants and resentment against the government are also shown in these descriptions.
this poem consists of three parts. The first eight sentences are the author's talk about the burning of She in Nanshan. This part is vividly written, and the process of burning She is clearly understood. The author first wrote that he "got up" and saw Nanshan Mountain burning the mountain fields, and then wrote that the mountain fires seemed to be extinguished and rekindled, and they were connected into one piece, and they burned unevenly to the cliffs and gradually burned to the blue stone walls. Finally, the nearby mountain fire went out with a return air, while the distant mountain fire rolled up a red flame and made Maoya red. This part and the second part can complement each other and confirm each other.
The ninth to thirtieth sentences are the second part of this poem. This part introduces the situation of burning luxury farming in Chu and Yue through the mouth of the old man next door. The old man didn't wait to speak, but he was "confused by tears", which shows that there is deep pain in the old man's heart, which laid the foundation for finally exposing the heavy taxes of the government. Next, the poems did not talk about how the old man suffered, nor did they directly explain the reason why the old man wanted to die, but capitalized on the grand occasion of farmers burning hard to farm. These farmers held a God Reward Tournament on the occasion of "Spring Rain and Sunny New Year", asking God for divination, and got auspicious divination suitable for farming. They discussed farming under mulberry trees and jujube trees, released Yamakaji and mowed the grass with a sickle. They planted "bean seedlings and insects promote it, and flowers on the fence serve as houses". They raised pigs and chickens and worked hard, and they ushered in a bumper harvest for a year. If the poetry and prose stop here, if this poem does not have the description of the old man's "desire to be invisible", people will confuse this poem with the general poem describing "farmhouse music"
the beauty of this poem is the third part. There are only two poems in the third part: "Who knows the lush appearance, do the official spring tax." It turned out that the "green capacity" for which farmers worked hard and placed great hopes was actually taken away by the ruling class in the form of "official tax", and farmers got nothing from the bumper harvest of the year. This is the reason why the old man wants to be invisible, and it is also the real intention of the poet to write poetry. In the second part of this poem, the poet focuses on the peasants' hard work in order to expose the plundering of the peasants by the rulers in the Tang Dynasty, and focuses on the peasants' hopes in order to point out that it is the sharpness of the government that dashed their hopes.
As mentioned above, this poem is novel in structure, with ups and downs in poetry and twists and turns in plot. The poet writes what he sees first, then what he hears, and what he sees and hears complement each other. At the end of the last two sentences, he points out the real intention of the poet in writing poetry. Secondly, this poem has narration and description, and description and narration are closely combined. This poem is more about narrative language, which clearly explains the process of burning houses and farming, making the whole poem distinct and rich in content. These narrative languages are the backbone of the whole poem. There are also many descriptions in this poem, which make this poem vivid. "Bean seedlings and insects promote the development, flowers on the fence serve as houses", "Abandoned stacks are returned to the fence, and chickens peck at millet in the square". On the fence and in front of the hall, seedlings are strong, flowers are bright, pigs are returned to the fence, and chickens peck at rice. This is the result of people's hard work, which embodies farmers' hopes and their love for life. "The wind drives the mistletoe smoke, and the mistletoe trees connect with the mountain", "The stars burst out of the clouds, but the flying embers fell down the steps", and the scene of mistletoe leaves burning everywhere, sparks flying out of the sky and ashes falling down the steps was written. This place not only highlights the spectacular scene of burning She farming, but also highlights the persistence of many changes in the scenery. Secondly, the language of this poem is flexible and changeable, and arrogant and scattered. There are many sentences in the poem that are neat and elegant, such as "Poor to the rock, Ran Ran Lingqingbi", "Abandoned stacks are returned to the column, chickens peck at millet in the square", "Stars fly outside, flying in front of the steps", and these poems are used in conjunction with prose poems, "Looking up at the South Mountain, burning mountains and fields" and "Neighboring Weng can Chu" This poem also has its own characteristics in rhyme, and the rhyme feet are changed many times, which makes the whole poem appear flexible and versatile, and avoids the shortcomings of rigidity.
Fourth, the translation
Looking up at Nanshan, the mountains burn mountains and fields.
I stood up and looked at Nanshan, where a mountain fire was burning.
the reddish evening disappears, and the short flame is connected again.
a long afterfire seems to be extinguished, and a short flame is connected.
Differential rocks, Lingqingbi, Ran Ran.
it burns unevenly to the cliff and gradually to Qingshiban.
when it is low, it will be exhausted with the return air, and when it is far away, it will shine on the eaves.
The wind blew through the fire at the lower part, and the thatched eaves at the upper part were red.
a neighbor can talk, but leaning on a rock wants to die.
The neighbor Weng can speak Chu's words, leaning against the shovel, he wants to cry.
It is said that Chu is more vulgar, and burning She is the early field.
introduce yourself to the customs of Chu and Yue, and burn vegetation to cultivate mountains and fields.
bean sprouts and insects promote growth, and flowers on the fence are the house.
bean sprouts are like curled-up insects, and the flowers on the fence bloom in front of the house.
waste stacks are returned to the column, and square chickens peck at millet.
The pigs in the tattered wooden pigsty return to the stalls, and the chickens peck at the rice on the square.
the spring rain is fine in the new year, and the gods are playing everywhere.
On a sunny day after the rain in the Spring Festival, god reward competitions are all over the countryside.
people who hold money will give money, knocking on tiles and ringing in the forest.
Take money to find someone to do divination, and the sound of knocking tiles spreads through the trees.
Bude divined on the mountain, and returned to the mulberry date.
Bude is suitable for farming divination, and we will talk about it in detail under mulberry dates.
Blow the fire to the imperata, and the waist sickle reflects the cane.
Festuca arundinacea burned all over the mountain, and red sugarcane reflected into the waist sickle.
the wind drives the mistletoe smoke, and the mistletoe trees connect the hills.
Mistletoe leaves are misty with wind, and many mistletoe trees are everywhere.
outside the stars, before the flying embers fall down the steps.
When Mars took off and swept the sky, the fly ash fell in front of the steps.
groan and sneeze on your back, and the crow mother will curse you for being rich.
The wizard shouted and sneezed, and the crow mother came to congratulate Feng Nian.
who knows the luxuriance, it's all official tax.
who knows that the harvest of food in a good year is all taken by the government!
V. Wen Tingyun's other poems
Morning Trip to Shangshan, Luoyang, Lotus, More Leaky, and Sending People to the East. Poems of the same dynasty
Sangushi, Warm Cuisine, Farewell to Xu Kan, Poem of Deep Sorrow, Title of Jia Dao's Tomb, Couplet Poem of Tiantai Temple, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Memory of Jiangnan, Spring in Qiantang Lake and Ode to the Mujiang River.
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