Under the bright moon, in the breeze, there was the sound of magpies and cicadas.
2, the general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years. ("Mulan Poetry")
After ten years in the army, the generals and strong men experienced thousands of cruel battles, some died in battle, and some returned home in triumph.
3. When the window is cloudy, the mirror column is yellow. ("Mulan Poetry")
Face the window, face the mirror, comb your hair like a cloud and stick yellow flowers on your face.
4, the male rabbit's feet are chaotic, and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred. ("Mulan Poetry")
The feet of a male rabbit and a female rabbit are indistinguishable.
Here, birds live in the mountain light, and people's hearts feel quiet in the pond. (Chang Jian "Zen Forest after Broken Mountain Temple")
Lakes and mountains make birds happy and let people get rid of other thoughts.
6. Our house is very ordinary. Cui He has heard it several times before. (Du Fu's "On Meeting Li Guinian Downstream")
We often meet in front of Cui's door at the home of the King of Qi.
Knowledge expansion
Intertextuality, also known as intertextuality. It is "ancient writings, with mutual understanding of meaning", "mutual words, mutual body, relative to the text", and it is "in a coherent sentence, some words complement each other according to contextual conditions and jointly express a complete meaning. Or the above complement each other and express a complete meaning together. In other words, the following words are omitted above, and the words appearing above are omitted below. Write them into each other and combine them to see the meaning. " It can be seen that intertextuality is one of the rhetorical methods in ancient Chinese, and contextual meanings are intertwined, infiltrated and supplemented to translate.
This kind of sentence has a special syntactic relationship. There is only one side to explain it in words, but the meaning is mutual. When we understand it, we should consider the meaning of the context, look forward and backward, don't be paranoid at any end, separate it, and only understand it literally. Only in this way can we grasp the true meaning of such sentences correctly, completely and unilaterally. Throughout the ancient poems selected from middle school Chinese textbooks, there are dozens of intertextual rhetorical devices, which can be summarized as follows.
According to language forms, intertextuality can be divided into four forms: phrase intertextuality, single sentence intertextuality, even sentence intertextuality and multi-sentence intertextuality, among which phrase intertextuality and even sentence intertextuality are more common.
(1) Intertextuality of phrases means that the words in the front and back parts of a phrase constitute intertextuality, and the words in the front and back parts must be put together when understanding. For example:
1, go homesick. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower")
2, the spring fragrance is astringent. (Ouyang Xiu's Drunk Pavilion)
Example 1 "Going to the countryside and homesick" is a condensed form of "going to the countryside and homesick", which can be translated as "leaving the hometown of Guodu and missing it";
Example 2 "Spring fragrance tastes bitter" is a condensed form of "Spring fragrance tastes bitter", which can be translated as "Spring fragrance tastes good".
(2) Single-sentence intertextuality refers to the intertextuality formed by two parts before and after a sentence. The so-called single-sentence intertextuality means that two words in the same sentence are intertwined and complementary in meaning. For example:
3, smoke cage cold water moon cage sand. (Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai)
4, the moon is bright in Qin, and it is broken in Han. (Wang Changling's "Out of the Plug")
We should understand that smoke masks cold water and sand; Moonlight is covered with sand and cold water. If you understand this sentence as "smoke blocks cold water and moonlight blocks sand", it is all wet and doesn't make sense.
Example 4 consists of "Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty" and "Pass in Han Dynasty". The former holds "Han" and "Guan", while the latter holds "Qin" and "Mingyue", which can be understood as "the bright moon in Qin and Han Dynasties".
(3) Even sentence intertextuality refers to intertextuality composed of two sentences, which is characterized by mutual echo, mutual complement and mutual suggestion. When understanding, two sentences must be put together. For example:
5, clamoring for something, suddenly north and south. (Liu Zongyuan's Snake Catcher)
6, thousands of miles of ice, snow in Wan Li. (Mao Zedong "Qinyuanchun? snow
7. My road is covered with petals-I haven't cleaned it for others, and my thatched cottage door has been closed-but it's open for you now. (Du Fu's "Guest Arrivals")
The intertextuality of these two sentences cannot be said to be "shouting from east to west and harassing from north to south". East, west, north and south are called harassment, and east, west, north and south harassment is called understanding. Here, "yelling" and "sudden death", "things" and "north and south" penetrate each other and explain each other, giving consideration to both in a sense. Example 6 is a condensed form of "thousands of miles frozen, Wan Li snowing". Example 7 should be understood as "my road is full of petals-I sweep for others, which is the beginning of the monarch sweep;" My thatched cottage door has been closed-but it's opened for you now and has never been opened by a guest. "
(4) Multi-sentence intertextuality consists of three or more words, which are combined to see the meaning. For example:
8. Buy horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whips in the north.
The intertextuality of "East Market", "West Market", "South Market" and "North Market" can be understood as "buying horses, saddles, chewing, reins and whips in the cities of east, west, north and south", which shows Mulan's nervousness and busyness before the war.
As long as the rhetorical features of intertextuality are mastered, the meaning of ancient poetry can be accurately grasped in the usual teaching and learning, and there will be no mistakes in content understanding.