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Shāng Zhòng yǒng)
Shang Zhongyong’s Lost Nature Author: Wang Anshi Selected from: "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" 》
Fang Zhongyong, a citizen of Jinxi, was a farmer for generations. In the fifth year of Zhong Yongsheng's life, he didn't even know the writing tools, so he suddenly asked for them. That is to say, he wrote four lines of poetry and gave it his own name. His poems were about raising parents and bringing together the family, and they were passed down to the scholars in the township. Naturally, it refers to those who write poems about things and their literary and scientific aspects are impressive. The people of the town were curious about him, and they invited his father to visit him, or begged him with coins. My father benefited from this, and Zhongyong paid homage to the people of the city, and did not let him learn.
I have heard about it for a long time. In the Ming Dynasty, when the ancestors returned home and saw them at the uncle's house, they were twelve or three years old. The poems written cannot be compared to those heard in the past. Seven years later, he returned from Yangzhou and went to his uncle's house to ask about it. Said: "Everyone is lost!"
The prince said: "Zhongyong's enlightenment is received by heaven. The heaven he receives is a wise man who is far away from the talented person. If he is killed by everyone, then Those who accept it will not come to it. The heaven that accepts it is like this, and it is for everyone who does not accept it. Now, the heaven that does not accept it is for everyone, and the person who does not accept it is for everyone. "Yeah?"
2. Annotated translation
Fang Zhongyong, a commoner in Jinxi, has been farming for generations. When Zhongyong was five years old, he didn't know writing tools. One day I suddenly cried and asked for these things. His father was surprised by this and borrowed it from a neighbor's house. Zhongyong immediately wrote four lines of poetry and wrote his own name on it. The content of this poem was to support parents and unite people of the same clan. All the scholars in the township were sent to watch this poem. From then on, Zhongyong was asked to designate things for him to write poems, and Zhongyong completed them immediately. The poems' literary grace and truth are worthy of appreciation. People in the same county were surprised, and gradually his father was treated like a guest. Some people offered money and invited Zhongyong to write poems for him. His father felt that this was profitable, so he took Zhongyong around to visit people in the same county every day and refused to let him study.
I've heard about this for a long time. During the Ming Dynasty, I followed my late father back to my hometown and met Zhongyong at my uncle's house. He was twelve or thirteen years old. Ask him to write poetry, but the poetry he writes cannot match his former reputation. Another seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house again. I asked about Fang Zhongyong's situation and replied: "It's completely like an ordinary person."
Wang Anshi said: Zhongyong's intelligence is innate. Got. His talent conditions are much higher than those of ordinary talented people. He eventually became an ordinary person because the education he received did not meet the requirements. Like him, who is born smart and smart to such an extent that he has not received acquired education and has become an ordinary person; then, those people who are not born smart and are ordinary people now, and do not receive acquired education, may not even be ordinary people. Maybe? (Another translation: Is it enough to become an ordinary person? This translation is not very formal, but it can make it easier for readers to understand)
Ming Dao: The reign name of Song Renzong. Ancestor; here refers to Wang Anshi’s dead father. Enlightenment: understanding and wisdom. Received by heaven: received innately, received and accepted virtuous by talented people: better than talented people virtuous: better than talented people by talented people Received by others: refers to acquired education. Not enough: failed to meet the requirements. Prince: Wang Anshi's Self-proclaimed
3. Key Sentences
1. Interpretation of Sentences
1. The father is different, so he borrows close proximity to him.
Translation: My father was surprised, so he borrowed it from a neighbor and gave it to Zhongyong.
2. It is named after itself, and its poems are about raising parents and bringing in the family.
Translation: And he signed his name at the end of the poem. The content of his poem is to support his parents and to live in harmony with the clan members according to the patriarchal relationship of seniority and kinship.
3. Since it refers to things that are composed of poems, their literature and science are impressive.
Translation: From then on, Zhongyong could write poems wherever others pointed at them, and he could finish them immediately. The literary grace and truth of the poems are both worthy of appreciation.
4. The people of the city are curious about him, and they invite his father as a guest or beg him with coins.
Translation: People in the same county were surprised by him and invited his father to be a guest one after another. Some people even paid Zhongyong to write poems for him.
5. My father benefited from this, and Zhongyong paid homage to the people of the city and did not teach him.
Translation: His father thought this was beneficial, so he took Zhongyong around to visit his fellow villagers every day and refused to let him study.
6. It cannot be said that it was heard in the past.
Translation: It no longer fits the previous rumors.
Special sentence patterns 1. Omitted sentences: (The words in bold in brackets are the omitted parts of the sentence)
① Don’t let (it) learn ② Let (it) compose poetry ③ (Yu) Tianye ④ (Yu) returned from Yangzhou
7. Lost everyone!
Translation: Just like ordinary people.
Minran: the appearance of disappearing. Refers to the complete disappearance of the original characteristics. Ran: The appearance of...
8. The heaven that accepts it is far better than the talented person. If the death is for everyone, then it will not be suffered by others.
Translation: His (insight) is given by nature, (so) he is much better than ordinary talented people. In the end, he became an ordinary person because his acquired education did not meet the requirements.
2. Inversion sentence:
Return from Yangzhou Modern word order: return from Yangzhou (adverbial postposition)
2. Explanation of the word
< p>1. Sadness: sadness, regret.2. Min: common people.
3. Generations: generations.
4. Belong to: Belong to.
5. Shiligeng: Farming has been a career for generations.
6. Wei Tao: Never.
7. Ask for: ask for.
8. Strange: (verbal verb) feeling strange about...
9. Borrow from nearby: Borrow from nearby. This refers to neighbors.
10. With: to give.
11. Book: write.
12. Write for: Inscription.
13. To mean...: Take... as the content of the poem.
14. Guan: appreciate.
15. Ziyi: from now on.
16. Yes: This.
17. Immediately: Complete immediately.
18.: The person who...
19. Slightly: Gradually.
20. Or: Someone.
21. Guests: (verb as verb) treat guests with courtesy (noun as verb).
22. Yi people: people from the same county, people from the countryside.
23. Begging: asking for something. This refers to spending money to ask Zhongyong to write a poem.
24. Benefit from it: Think this is beneficial.
25. Pull: Pull, which means force.
26. Visit around: visit everywhere.
27. Make: let, this solution is allowed.
28. Follow: follow.
29. Proportional: commensurate.
30. Hear: hearsay.
31. Minran: the appearance of disappearing. It means that the original characteristics have completely disappeared.
32. Not enough: failed to meet (requirements).
33. Prince: Wang Anshi’s self-proclaimed name.
34. Enlightenment: understanding and wisdom.
35. Husband: The first word of the sentence is not translated.
36. Solid: originally.
37. Arts and Sciences: Literary talent and principles.
38. Profit: Think... is profitable.
39. Yes: Worth it.
40. Scholar: This refers to people who study.
41. Ye: visit
42. Books: writing tools, here refers to pens, ink, paper, and inkstones ("the four treasures of the study").
43. Wei Yan: I am surprised by this. Strange, surprised.
44. Bi Qi: He.
45. Xian: surpass, exceed.
46. Talented people: talented people.
47. Since: From.
48. Jinxi: Place name, now Jinxi, Jiangxi.
49. Taste: once.
50. Give it your own name: Inscribe your own name. Since, oneself, for, on the subject.
51. Ancestor: refers to the author’s dead father.
52. The Heaven of Receiving: refers to what is obtained innately. To bear, to endure.
53. Strange: surprised.
54. Yu: Bi (from "The wise are far away from the talented").
55. Yu: Being (from "Those who receive from others will not come").
56. Hearings from the past: rumors from the past.
57. Adoptive parents: support parents.
58. Collect clans: Make people of the same clan live harmoniously according to the clan relationship of seniority and kinship.
59. The father is beneficial to Qi Ran: Li-thinks that... is beneficial
Qi- is used together with "Ran" and has no other meaning
Ran- so.
60. (Revisited to uncle’s house and asked) Yan: refers to Zhongyong.
61. (father is different) Yan: pronoun, and (with) is also a word.
62. Year: Years
63. Profit: (verbal word) It is beneficial to...
64. Odd: (verbal word) )...surprised
Tongjiazi.
Pull: Tong "climbing", pulling, leading.
Mai: Tong "talent", talent, useful.
See: means "yes", sure, sure.
4. Pause in reading
Jinxi Min/Fang Zhongyong, Shi/Li Geng. Zhongyong was five years old and had not yet learned about books and utensils, so he suddenly cried out for them. The father / is different, borrowing / from nearby / and / to write four lines of poetry, and / / to give his own name. His poems/are intended to support parents and collect family members, and are passed on to/the scholars/in the same town/view. Since he/she refers to objects and composes poems/it has been established, its literature and science/are both impressive. The people of the town are strange, and their father is a little guest, or begging for him with coins. My father was interested in learning. Zhongyong visited the people around the city and refused to learn.
I have heard about it for a long time. In the Ming Dao, when the ancestors returned home and met their uncle's family, it was twelve or three years ago. The poems written cannot be described as what I heard in the past. In the seventh year, he returned from Yangzhou and went to his uncle's house to ask about it. He said, "Everyone is gone."
The prince said: Zhongyong's enlightenment is the way to receive it. The heaven that accepts it is far better than the talented person. If he dies for everyone, he will not be accepted by others.
The heaven that accepts it is like the virtuous one. Those who do not accept it can become the common people. Today, the heaven that does not accept it is for everyone, and those who do not accept it can become the common people. ?
5. Article comprehension
Topic comprehension
"Shang" means "feeling sad for...". It reveals the author's regret for a child prodigy who was eventually lost to everyone, and emphasizes the importance of acquired education to talent. "Shang Zhongyong" is selected from "The Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" (Zhonghua Book Company 1959 edition)
Principle of the article
Whether a person can become a talented person is not only related to his talent, but also to his acquired education and his own learning. We must learn, emphasizing the importance of acquired learning to talent, and criticizing the environment that eliminates talents. It also corresponds to a sentence of Confucius: "Learning without thinking will lead to indifference; thinking without learning will lead to peril."
6. Introduction to the author
Wang Anshi was born in the fifth year of Tianxi (1021 AD) and died in the first year of Yuanyou (1086 AD). His courtesy name was Wang Anshifu, his later nickname was Banshan, his nickname was Badger Lang, and he was given the title of Duke of Jing. He was also known as Wang Jinggong and Mr. Linchuan in the world. A native of Linchuan in the Song Dynasty (now a native of Shangchi Natural Village, Dongxiang County, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer, and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties (Liu Zongyuan, Han Yu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, and Ouyang Xiu). He has made outstanding achievements in the literature of the Northern Song Dynasty. His poems "learned from Du, so he was thin and strong". He was good at reasoning and rhetoric, good at using allusions, his style was powerful and powerful, his insights were brilliant, and he also had works with deep emotional charm. Author of "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan".
Born in a family of small officials. Father Yi, also known as Shuizhi, was a military judge in Linjiang and served several prefecture and county magistrates in the north and south throughout his life. Wang Anshi was fond of reading, had a strong memory, and received a good education. In the second year of Qingli (1042), he ranked fourth in the Jinshi Ranking and served successively as a judge in Huainan, magistrate of Yin County, Tong magistrate of Shuzhou, magistrate of Changzhou, and officials in Tidian Jiangdong Prison and other places. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), when Shenzong ascended the throne, he ordered Anshi to know Jiangning Mansion and was summoned to be a bachelor of Hanlin. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. From the third year of Xining, he was appointed Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi twice to implement new laws. After Xining resigned as prime minister in the ninth year, he lived in seclusion and died of illness in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). He was given the posthumous title "Wen". His political reforms had a profound impact on the social economy of the early Song Dynasty and had the characteristics of modern changes. He was hailed by Lenin as "China's greatest reformer in the eleventh century."
Wang Anshi is not only an outstanding politician and thinker, but also an outstanding litterateur. In order to realize his political ideals, he closely linked literary creation and political activities, emphasizing that the role of literature lies first in serving society. He opposed the empty and weak writing style of Yang Yi, Liu Jun and others of the Xikun School, believing that "the so-called writers should only be useful to the world. The so-called poets are just like engraving and painting. Sincerely make Qiao County Exquisiteness does not have to be practical; if it is to be applied sincerely, it does not need to be clever and elegant. It must be practical and engraving and painting are the content. The "applicable" view of "the world" is regarded as the foundation of literary creation. Most of his works expose current ills and reflect social contradictions, which have a strong political color. Today there are "Wang Linchuan Collection", "Linchuan Collection Supplements", "Songs of Mr. Linchuan", etc.
Wang Anshi is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His prose is vigorous, concise, and unique. Most of it is expository essays in the form of books, tables, notes, prefaces, etc., expounding political opinions and propositions. Reform and innovation services. These articles address current affairs or social issues, with clear views and profound analyses. The long articles are comprehensive but not exhaustive, and the short articles are concise but not boring. "Emperor Shanren's Statement" is a representative work advocating social change. Based on an in-depth analysis of the internal and external difficulties of the Northern Song Dynasty, it puts forward complete reform proposals and shows the author's progress in "raising the diseases of the people and the flaws of governing the country" Thought. "A Hundred Years of Nothing in Our Dynasty" not only narrates and explains the situation and reasons of peace and tranquility in the early Song Dynasty for more than a hundred years, but also sharply reminds the crisis-ridden social problems at that time. It hopes that Shenzong will make a beneficial contribution in politics and believes that "the great The time to do something is today." The policy that was implemented in the second year was like a prelude. "Reply to Sima's Remonstrance", with hundreds of words, strictly refutes Sima Guang's accusations of the new law for invading officials, causing trouble, expropriating profits, and refusing to remonstrate. It is short, concise, concise, and well-worded, which embodies the author's Resolute, decisive and principled statesmanship. Anshi's political essays, whether long or short, are very rigorous in structure, with excellent ideas, thorough reasoning, and simple and concise language. "With only one or two words, he can sweep away large sections of other people's articles" (Liu Xizai's "Art Survey·Wen") "Overview"), with strong generality and logical power. At this time, it played a positive role in promoting reforms and consolidating the achievements of the Northern Song Dynasty poetry and literature innovation movement. Some of Anshi's short essays are well-known, such as "Gun Shuo", "Reading the Biography of Mengchang Jun", "The Biography of the Book Assassin", "Shang Zhongyong", etc., which evaluate the characters with vigorous writing, sharp writing style, full of emotional color, and make people feel To show the fresh feeling. He also has some prose essays on landscape travels, such as "Records of the Rise and Construction of Chengpiyuan", which are concise, clear and labor-saving, similar to Liu Zongyuan's; "Records of Travels to Baochan Mountain", which also records travels and reasons, combine the two closely and naturally, even if they are abstract The truth is vivid and vivid, and the specific notes add depth of thought, making the layout flexible and tortuous.
Wang Anshi's poetry can be roughly divided into the early and late periods of Baxiang (around 1076). There are obvious differences in content and style. Jinggong was young and proud of himself, so his poems only followed his direction, and were no longer more subtle... Later, he became a shepherd officer. From the Song Dynasty, he collected all the fake Tang Dynasty poetry collections. "Interesting" (Ye Mengde's "Shilin Poetry"). The early poems were good at reasoning and had a very clear tendency. They involved many important and sharp social issues. They paid attention to the pain of the lower class people and made a voice of injustice for them. "Feelings" , "Amalgamation", "Provincial Soldiers", etc., describe and remind the Song Dynasty's national weakness or internal corruption from political, economic, military and other aspects, point out the harm to the country and people from the annexation of land by big landlords and big businessmen, and put forward The suggestion of "selecting the best soldiers and generals"; "Collecting Salt", "Hebei People", etc., reflect the tragic experience of the people who were oppressed and exploited by the rulers at that time; "Inspection Yuanzhong", "Evaluation Test Paper", etc., directly It criticizes the imperial examination system that uses poems and poems to select scholars, and requires the recruitment of talents with the ability to manage the world and the country; "Yuanri", "Ge Yuanfeng", etc. enthusiastically praise the new atmosphere and the joy of the people brought by the reform; "Shang Yang" ", "Jia Sheng", etc., expressed his new insights and progressive significance through the merits and demerits of historical figures. Anshi's late life in seclusion brought about changes in his poetry creation. Intoxicated in the landscape and pastoral, the subject matter is relatively narrow, and a large number of poems about scenery and poems about objects have taken the place of the early political poems, expressing a kind of leisurely taste, but the artistic expression has become mature, "elegant and exquisite, exquisite. Get rid of the vulgarity, and every time you irony it, it will sink into your teeth and cheeks. " ("Houshan Poetry Talk" contains Huang Luzhi's poems) and other poems such as "Mooring on Guazhou", "On the River", "Plum Blossoms", "Books on Mr. Huyin's Wall", etc., with careful observation, exquisite craftsmanship, distant and fresh artistic conception, and express The praise and love for the beauty of nature have always been passed down by people.