Reading poetry is like listening to the ancients sing emotional songs. It is with these emotional seeds that the poet's pen will bloom with beautiful flowers of poetry. When we appreciate poetry, only by grasping the emotional coordinates of this poem can we really get close to the soul of the poem and enter the aesthetic palace built by this poem.
2. Teaching process:
1. Common thoughts and feelings in poetry:
(The ancients also said that "poetry expresses ambition" and "poetry expresses ambition". Among the classical poems we have been exposed to in junior high school, which poems with emotional themes are the most common? )
(1) Homesickness and homesickness: "Whoever hears the willow break in this nocturne can't stand homesickness",
② Farewell in the pavilion: "Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and no one in the world knows you" (affectionate encouragement), "Advise you to drink more and go to Yangguan for no reason" (reluctant to part)
(3) Make contributions: "The old horse lurks, aiming at a thousand miles", "Born as a strange man, died as a ghost hero"
④ Natural feelings: "The Spring Garden can't be closed, an apricot is out of the wall", "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, you can see Nanshan leisurely"
⑤ When you are worried about your national injury: "Businessmen don't know how to hate their national death, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river",
(These are the emotional experiences that human beings have had throughout the ages, and they have also spawned countless popular sayings. )
2. "Put on prose and enter the artistic conception"-try to figure out the emotion in poetry.
The poet turns his inner feelings into concise words, so how can he "put on prose and enter the artistic conception" when facing a poem-how can he grasp the inner emotional context of the poem through these sentences? )
(1) Know the author and the theme.
Because of each poet's different life experience and emotional experience, their poems often present different styles. The senior high school entrance examination often takes some famous poems, so if you can understand the main writing styles of these poets, you can analyze them condescendingly when you appreciate them. )
Xin Qiji: a patriotic poet, he has great ambition to serve the country and recover lost ground, and he also has grief and indignation that there is no way to serve the country ("it is a pity to forget what is going on in the world after death")
Du Fu's feelings of worrying about the country and the people (three "officials" and three "farewell", "the hut was broken by the autumn wind")
Tao Yuanming: longing for pastoral seclusion
A preliminary understanding of the author's style can bring us some convenience, but it should be emphasized here that the so-called style refers to the main theme of the poet's writing, and it is not without exception. For example, Li Qingzhao, a graceful lyricist, also wrote a magnificent poem "Be a hero and die a ghost". Therefore, we should use it flexibly according to the situation in poetry appreciation. )
2 look at the tips and set the tone.
(Where does the hint come from? Is the title, background tips, notes, etc. In poetry, this often gives us an important hint to understand the emotion in poetry. )
Exercise:
Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night (Can you find emotional instructions from it? The word "Xi" has hinted at the poet's joy and admiration for the arrival of the spring rain.
Wang Anshi anchored in Guazhou.
Jingkou and Guazhou are just separated by a water, and Zhongshan has only a few heavy green mountains.
The gentle spring breeze turns green again, but, moon in the sky, when can you take me home?
Note ① Berthing: Stop the ship and dock.
② Guazhou: North bank of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, south of Yangzhou City.
③ Jingkou: south bank of the Yangtze River, belonging to Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
④ Zhongshan: Now the Purple Mountain in Nanjing is the hometown of poets.
The second sentence in the poem "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" describes the poet's inner feelings at that time. (Helplessness and melancholy that my hometown is near but difficult to return)
(3) sentences, experience feelings.
(The first two points are only auxiliary means to grasp emotions. What's more important is to experience the emotion in the poem from the poem itself and savor it carefully. )
Exercise:
Gu Gu Tian Yan Dao Ji
Shili terraces lean on green, and cuckoos crow in the depths of flowers. Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time.
Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return. Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?
How does this word express the poet's feelings?
The last two sentences: I don't want to go home, but I can't decide the date of return. A word "Qi" and a word "Nai" express the author's feeling and helplessness of wandering around the world and finding it difficult to return home.
-Grasp the emotional theme of poetry by grasping the key words that directly express the mind in the text.
(The ancients often pursued the implicit beauty of "the antelope hangs on the horn and there is no trace to be found". The poet's feelings are often "hidden in the mountains, hidden in the water". Besides expressing their feelings directly, what other ways do poets usually use to convey their feelings? -Turn the scene into emotion, express emotion through the scene, and blend the scene. When we do the problem, we should carefully taste the emotion contained in the scenery in the poem. )
Exercise:
Like a dream, Li Qingzhao
Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
What emotion does this poem convey to the poet? What words can be seen?
(sadness: sadness about the disappearance of beautiful spring scenery. "Rain suddenly blows away" and "green and fat, red and thin"-drizzle and falling flowers are two common images in classical poetry to convey feelings of hurting spring. )
In ancient poetry, there are still many scenes with fixed emotional connotations. For example, what kind of scenery often appears in farewell poems? (Liu: "It rains in Weicheng, and the guest house is green and willow-colored." Liu is in a farewell mood. ) What other scenery can you think of with the same characteristics? (Moon, Goose, Mei ...)
-Grasping the common images and their emotional connotations in poetry is conducive to solving problems.
Step 4 touch your heart
Grasping the emotional coordinates of poetry will also help us appreciate the wonderful words and artistic conception of poetry. )
Word appreciation (1)
Exercise:
Drink Tao Yuanming
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
When the predecessors commented on this poem, they once said that the word "see" in "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely" was very implicit, but the word "hope" would not have this effect. Please tell me why.
For example, because the word "see" vividly depicts the author's leisure under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums. The mountain scenery is naturally presented to the poet, not intentionally "seeing" but unintentionally "seeing". It better conveys the poet's comfortable feeling of getting rid of the hubbub and integrating with nature.
(emphasis: we should show the scene in the poem through association, and analyze the expression effect of words from the perspectives of meaning and rhetoric; It should also be tasted in connection with the emotional implication in the poem. )
(2) Experience the artistic conception
Rewriting poetry is an effective training and testing means to truly understand the artistic conception of poetry. The creation of artistic conception must be based on some emotion in order to show the beauty of agility. Therefore, when rewriting, we should not simply translate, expand our reasonable imagination on the basis of not deviating from the original text, and the emotion in the poem should also penetrate into the writing. )
Exercise:
Du Fu in Spring
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Please imagine and describe the picture of "I stroke my white hair". It has become too thin to hold a hairpin any more. "
Example: Facing the fallen mountains and rivers, a white-haired old man kept scratching his head and sighing because of anxiety and sadness. The old man's hair has been cut off one by one, and it's too short to put a bun in it.
Three. Conclusion: