2. Nineteen Ancient Poems represents the highest achievement of literati's five-character poems in Han Dynasty.
3. The name of Nineteen Ancient Poems first appeared in Selected Works edited by Xiao Tong.
4. Nineteen Ancient Poems was produced during the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was written by the middle and lower intellectuals of this era.
5. During the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, the three important stages in the history of China's poetry development were The Book of Songs, Chu Ci and Han Yuefu folk songs.
The literary basis of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties;
1. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the collapse of Confucianism, a new outlook on the world and life was gradually formed, and its theoretical form was metaphysics in the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties.
2. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, under the influence of the imperial clan's contempt for Hyunri, metaphysical poems appeared, which were abstract and boring Hyunri, but only in the form of poems.
3. During Liang and Chen Dynasties, emperors and clans were more decadent in production and more empty in spirit. They are no longer satisfied with the clear sounds of mountains and rivers, but seek strong emotional stimulation, thus producing palace poems.
4. The name of "Gongti Poetry" began with Xiao Gang, Liang. Palace poems mainly express palace life with gorgeous words, and there are also some poems similar to word games that describe objects. Palace-style poems came into being and prevailed in Liang and Chen Dynasties.
5. Poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties experienced the change from metaphysics to landscape to palace style.
6. The main achievements of literature in the Northern and Southern Dynasties are: the rise of landscape poetry expanded the theme of poetry; New poetry laid the foundation for the rhyme of ancient poetry; Bao Zhao developed seven-character poems, which were innovative in both theme and poetic form. There are many achievements in literary theory, such as Wen Xin Diao Long and Shi Pin. Parallel prose and novels are both new creations; Xiao Tong compiled China's first literary anthology "Selected Works" and so on.
7. During the Jian 'an period, a group of poets, represented by "Three Cao" and "Seven Zi", on the one hand studied the Han Yuefu and described social unrest and people's livelihood sufferings; On the one hand, he sang his political thoughts and ambitions and formed a sad, generous and vigorous style, which was later called "Jian 'an Style" or "Jian 'an Style".
First, the foundation of Jian 'an literature:
1, the pioneer of the new situation of Jian 'an literature is an outstanding politician, strategist and poet Cao Cao. His representative works of poetry creation include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, and A Journey to the Bitter Han, which describe the war and people's sufferings at the end of the Han Dynasty. "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles" is a famous sentence of Hao. The short song "The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the Duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world belongs to his heart" shows his ambition to unify the world and the spirit of being proactive, showing his broad mind; "A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected, a brilliant star and a brilliant person, if unexpected" in Watching the Sea describes the magnificent atmosphere of the sea. "My heart is full of lofty sentiments" in "A Short Song" shows the author's yearning for talents, and "An old man riding a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr in his twilight years, courageously marching forward" in "Waiting for Hou" shows Cao Cao's positive and enterprising spirit.
2. Cao Cao is a pioneer in creating a new situation in literature. He pioneered the use of Yuefu old poems to write current affairs. Besides his five-character poems, there are many excellent four-character poems. He studied Han Yuefu, but he has his own style.
3. The earliest extant complete seven-character poem of literati is Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi; His Dian Lun is the earliest extant literary monograph. He advocated literature and promoted the prosperity of Jian 'an literature.
4. Cao Zhi's life and creation can be divided into two periods, which are bounded by Cao Pi's proclaimed emperor in 220 AD.
5. The representative works of Cao Zhi's poetry creation are "White Horse Pieces", which describes the superb martial arts and patriotic spirit of the ranger teenagers, among which "You can't be a strong man, you can't care about personal gain" reflects the patriotic spirit of the teenagers; "Give Xu Gan" to encourage friends to make contributions; "Seven Sorrow" pinned its depression and pain on the thinking women; Noda's trip to an oriole describes the story of a teenager who cut a net and saved an oriole. Yin on Mount Tai describes the poor life of the seaside people. "Beauty" and so on, pin their feelings of lack of talent on the distress of unmarried beauty in their prime. Zhong Rong called his poems "high-spirited, and the words were taken from Huamao".
6. The important writers in the Jian 'an period were "Three Cao", "Seven Zi" and the poetess Cai Yan. "Three Caos" refers to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi; The name of "Seven Scholars" can be found in Cao Pi's Classical Essays, which refers to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Serina Liu, with RoyceWong as the highest achievement.
7. The representative work reflecting social unrest and people's sufferings in the creation of "Seven Poems" is RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems, one of which "Going Out Without Seeing, Bones Cover the Plain" shows the sufferings brought to the people by the war. Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Ruan Yu's Driving Out of the North Gate, etc. Liu Zhen's three masterpieces expressing his personal ambitions and experiences are To My Brother.
8. The extant Cai Yan includes Five-character Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, etc. The most credible is Cai Yan's grief and indignation poem.
Second, the literary basis of the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty
1, Zhengshi literature generally refers to the literature in the late Wei Dynasty, and the representative writers in this period are Ji Kang and Ruan Ji.
2. The representative of Ji Kang's prose is "Breaking Up with the Mountain Residence", and the representative of his poetry is "Giving a Scholar to Join the Army". Ruan Ji's main poetry creation is 82 love poems, and the most famous prose is Biography of Mr. Adult.
3. Ruan Ji's Yong Huai Lu has made great achievements in using Wang Yan's poems to express emotion and irony. One of them, Sleepless at Night, Sit Up and Play the Piano, shows my loneliness and anguish, and opens a way for progressive writers under the rule of darkness to write political lyrics. "Words in the eyes and ears, feelings in the table of eight shortages" in Shi Pin summarizes Ruan Ji's poetic style. Tao Yuanming's Drinking, Yu Xin's Quasi-Yong Huai.
4. Zhang Hua, Zhang Xie, Lu Ji, Pan Ni, Pan Yue and Zuo Si were the directors of "Three Zhang, Two Lu, Two Pan and One Zuo" before and after Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and they were famous poets in Taikang period.
5. Taikang's literary creation has two bad tendencies: one is to imitate the prosperity of the ancients; The second is to pursue flowery words and double neatness. Liu Xie said that "taking the initiative and stopping is softer than Jian 'an" refers to Taikang literature.
6. Lu Ji was the most famous writer in the Taikang era, as well as Pan Yue, Zhang Hua and Zhang Xie.
7. Lu Ji's representative works include "Ancient Poems 12", which imitates ancient poems 19, and "Going to Luodao to do things", which describes his traveling life; Pan Yue's masterpiece is three mourning poems.
8. Zuo Si was the most accomplished poet in the Western Jin Dynasty, and his poems directly inherited the reputation of "Zuo Si Feng Zhi".
9. Zuo Si's representative works include eight epic poems, which use allusions and techniques such as comparison. For example, "the world stands tall and he sinks" is the contrast, while "pine and cypress at the bottom of the sword" and "seedlings on the mountain" are metaphors for poor intellectuals and aristocratic children, and are also used to reflect the contradiction between poor intellectuals and aristocratic children. In addition, Zhao Yin, Nv Jiao Poems and Sandu Fu are all his representative works.
10, Liu Kun's masterpiece is "Fufeng Song", he is a poet who loves his country and his hometown. Guo Pu, whose masterpiece is Fourteen Poems by Zhou Xian, is a metaphysical poet. In Preface to Poetry, the criticism of metaphysical poetry is that he "rationalizes his words and indifferent to his taste".