Song on the River was written by Li Bai, and was selected as the first 166 volume of Complete Tang Poetry. This poem was written by Li Bai when he visited Jiangxia (now Wuhan, Hubei) in 743 AD (the 22nd year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty). Jiang refers to the Han River. The title of this poem is Upper Reaches of the River. This poem is one of the most representative chapters of Li Bai's ideological and artistic characteristics. Tang Ruxun said that the theme of this poem is "This is because the world has forced it, but I am determined to have fun" (The Interpretation of Tang Poems, Volume XIII). Although not comprehensive and accurate, he pointed out that the poet sang this poem because he felt the reality that "the world was forced to pass away", which was very pertinent. This poem, born by the river, shows the poet's contempt for vulgar and cramped reality and his pursuit of freedom and the ideal of a better life.
original text
Jiang shangyin
Author: Tang Libai
On Mulan's boat, pipes are blown at both ends of the boat.
There are thousands of guests in the wine, and prostitutes go with the flow.
The immortal in the Yellow Crane Tower is still waiting for the Yellow Crane to leave, but I have no heart to swim with Bai Ou on foot this time.
Qu Ping's Ci hangs the sun and the moon, and Chu Wang's pavilion is empty.
As soon as I was happy, I put pen to paper and shook the five mountains. After the poem was written, the sound of Xiao Ao, Xiao Ao, went straight into the sea.
If fame and wealth can be used in the Han River, I am afraid that the northwest will be fought back by the northwest.
To annotate ...
1. This poem was written in 743 AD (the 22nd year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty) when he visited Jiangxia (now Wuhan, Hubei Province). Jiang refers to the Han River.
2, Mulan, that is, Xinyi, Xiangmu name. Y, paddle. Nine Songs to the King: Returning to Xi Lan.
3, bottles, containers for wine. Get ready, keep it.
4, hey, in ancient times, ten fights were one. Thousands of people welcomed the boat and described it with a lot of wine.
5. Prostitutes and showgirls.
6. Take the Yellow Crane and use the myths and legends of the Yellow Crane Tower. The former site of Yellow Crane Tower is located on Xihuanghe Mountain in Wuchang, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, next to Jianghan. According to legend, the fairy Zi 'an once drove a yellow crane here, hence the name. According to legend, Fei boarded the Yellow Crane to ascend to the immortal, and once rested here, hence the name.
7. Qu Ping and Qu Yuan, great poets of Chu at the end of the Warring States Period, wrote Li Sao and Tian Wen. Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng commented on Li Sao as follows: "Cicadas slough in muddy mud, except for floating dust, they can't get the favor of the world, but grow turbid without me." Promoting this ambition is also a glory for the sun and the moon. "
8. Prosperous and poetic. Five Mountains refer to Mount Tai in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Hengshan in Nanyue, Hengshan in Beiyue and Songshan in Zhongyue. Here refers to mountains in general.
9. Hanshui River originates in ningqiang county, Shaanxi Province, flows through Xiangyang, Hubei Province in the southeast and joins the Yangtze River in Hankou. The Han River flows back to the northwest, metaphorically impossible.
Jianghai Cangzhou 10.
1 1, decorated by Yu Di and Yu Di. This refers to geisha who play flute and other musical instruments.
12, Haike, people by the sea. Liezi Huangdi: "People on the sea are good birds, and people who are good birds will stay in every Dan on the sea." His father said, "I heard that all birds swim from you, so you take them and I play with them." In tomorrow's sea, ostriches will dance without falling down. "
13, Ling, go, go.
14, Xie, there is a house called Xie on the stage. Terrace, generally refers to the balcony pavilion. King Chu Ling has a Changhua Terrace and Chu Zhuangwang has a Diaoyutai, both of which are famous for their luxury.
Admire Shatang 15. The Southern Dynasties wrote: "Emperor Han Chengdi and Zhao swam in Taiye Pool, taking willow as a boat. Its wood comes from Kunlun Mountain, and people eat it, not drowning in water. " Mulan and Shatangzhou describe the preciousness of boats and paddles.
translate
Take the magnolia wood as the paddle, take the magical sand pond boat, paddle the precious magnolia oars, go boating on the Hanshui River, and play melodious Yu Di and golden pipes at the bow and stern.
Let's drink thousands of glasses of wine and get drunk. The ship rippled with the waves, and the moving geisha showed her beautiful voice. ? God in the sky, how can he soar in space without a yellow crane? How can I be an honest gentleman and often swim with seagulls?
Qu Yuan, an outstanding politician and great poet, endowed the sun and the moon with the same splendor and shared the same life with heaven and earth, but now the Huaigong Palace and Xiangwang Tower, which have been in trouble for a while, are peaceful? There is nothing left but an empty mountain.
I am writing while I am in high spirits, and the majestic five mountains will shake three times. I write poems and sing loudly, and Penglai, a fairyland, bows at my feet. ? Fame is like dirt, rich as a cloud, fleeting and not long-lasting, just like the vast Hanshui River, which never flows to the northwest.
Make an appreciative comment
theme
Poems on the River was written by Li Bai when he was traveling in Jiangxia in his thirties and forties. This poem is one of the chapters that can best represent Li Bai's ideological and artistic characteristics.
Tang Ruxun said that the theme of this poem is "This is because the world is forced to pass, but it is also determined to have fun" (Interpretation of Tang Poetry, Volume XIII). Although not comprehensive and accurate, he pointed out that the poet sang this poem because he felt the reality that "the world was forced to pass away", which was very pertinent. Reading "Song on the River" is easy to remind people of "Farewell" in "Songs of the South": "When you are sad, customs force you to go into battle lightly."
This poem, born by the river, shows the poet's contempt for vulgar and cramped reality and his pursuit of freedom and the ideal of a better life.
poetic sentiment
Although the first four sentences are scenes of river trips, they are not truthfully described, but are described in an exaggerated and idealized way, showing gorgeous colors and an atmosphere beyond the world. "Mulan Shatangzhou" is made of precious and magical wood: "Yu Di Golden Tube sits at both ends", and the exquisiteness of the musical instrument is remarkable: "Wine welcomes thousands", which shows that the wine is rich and prosperous: "Take prostitutes with the waves, stay and forget to return", which is endless fun. In a word, the boat on this river is enough to make poetry and wine for entertainment, and it is a free and beautiful world beyond the turbid reality.
The middle four sentences are connected in pairs and compared in pairs. "Immortal" is a link between the preceding and the following, affirming the fun of boating on the river; "Qu Ping" connects the preceding with the following, revealing the historical significance of the ideal life. "Immortals need to ride a yellow crane", even if they become immortals, they still have to wait. If the yellow crane doesn't come, they can't go to heaven. But when I was boating on the river, "the sea traveler accidentally followed Bai Ou", but I forgot my cleverness. I don't know what things are and what I am. Isn't it more immortal than the fairy who looked at the yellow crane eagerly? In this state, the fame, shame and poverty of the world are not to mention. Therefore, pitching the universe and looking at the ancient and modern times, we have reached a completely opposite understanding with the mediocre people who are "talking about the sky and the earth": "Qu Ping's Ci and Fu hang the sun and the moon, and the King of Chu stands in the sky"! When you go boating between Jianghan, you will naturally think of Qu Yuan and the King of Chu, and the warning of this association lies in taking Qu Yuan and the King of Chu as two typical life examples and clearly opposing them. Qu Yuan devoted himself to patriotism, was exiled, and finally drowned in Miluo. His ci can win glory with the sun and the moon and remain immortal. The king of Chu was dissolute and extravagant, and died for the disaster of national subjugation. Temples and pavilions built by enslaved people have long since disappeared, and desolate hills are everywhere. This connection vividly shows that what belongs to progress in history will be immortal, and what belongs to reaction will inevitably perish; There is also the meaning that a writer's great cause is immortal, but his position is unshakable.
At the end of these four sentences, "Qu Ping" is followed by a couplet. The second sentence of Xing Han inherits Qu Ping's theory of ci and fu, and also responds to the beginning of boating on the river. It is extremely heroic and vividly depicts the poet's self-elation, contempt for everything when he writes poetry, and his arrogant and unrestrained manner. "Shaking Five Mountains" is a heroic and invincible brushwork; "Lingcangzhou" is a bold mind. Finally, "if fame and fortune exist, Hanshui River should also flow to the northwest", said King Taixu of Chu, and at the same time, it further concretized and visualized "Laughter". It is not positive to say that fame and fortune will not grow, and it is negative to say that it is impossible, which strengthens the power of negation, shows irresistible momentum and has a sharp irony. The ideological content of this poem is basically positive. On the other hand, it is not advisable for poets to praise debauchery and wanton enjoyment as an ideal way of life. Taking care of Yu Di, carrying wine and prostitutes, isn't it also the infatuation of fame and fortune? This is the contradiction of Li Bai's thought. This contradiction is obvious in many of his poems, which has become a limitation with great personality characteristics.
Structural organization
The poem consists of twelve sentences, vivid in image, passionate in emotion, heroic in momentum and clear in tone. I only thought it was a magical line after reading it. Judging from the structure and organization of the whole poem, it is dense and unique. The beginning is a vivid image description, which immediately brings the reader into an unusual realm. The two couplets in the middle belong to the ending, while the poem is positive and negative, which expands the capacity of the poem and makes it full of ups and downs. At the end of the four sentences, exaggeration is extremely emphasized, and the feelings are even more passionate, hearty and unrestrained, showing endless power. Wang Qi said: "Although this kind of composition is based on Yi Cai, it may not add a lot of bleak management, and it may not be beyond the ears of a hundred articles" (Note to Song on the River in Volume 7 of Complete Works of Li Taibai), which is in line with the actual creation after careful understanding.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Bai (70 1 Feb. 28-762), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, is known as the "Poet Fairy" and the greatest romantic poet. Han nationality, born in Broken Leaf City in the Western Regions (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan), moved to Changlong County, Mianzhou (Brazil County), Jiannan Province at the age of 5 (renamed Changming County in 7 12, now Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, Mianyang, Sichuan), and his ancestral home is Ji Cheng County, Longxi County (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province). His father, Li Ke, has two sons (Boqin, natural) and one daughter (Pingyang). There are more than 0/000 poems in the world, with masterpieces such as Difficult Road to Shu, it is hard to go, Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Jiang and Li Taibai Ji. He died in Dangtu, Anhui Province in 762 at the age of 6 1.
Li Bai's poetic creation has a strong subjective color, which is mainly manifested in his emphasis on expressing heroism and passionate feelings, and rarely describing objective things and specific time in detail. Free and easy temperament, independent personality, and strong emotions that are easy to touch and erupt form the distinctive features of Li Bai's lyric style. He often erupts, and once his feelings are aroused, he rushes out without restraint, just like a hurricane in the sky and an overflowing volcano. His imagination is very strange, often has unusual connections, and changes with the flow of emotions.