early and middle Qing dynasty. At this time, the poetry world showed its prosperity in another form, that is, factions competed and poetry argued.
in the early Qing dynasty, Wang Shizhen (1634 ~ 1711) initiated the theory of "verve", which was based on opposing elegance and advocating simplicity. However, while trying to correct the skin profile of the prosperous Tang dynasty, the beauty of the late Tang dynasty and the discussion and knowledge bias of the Song people, he overemphasized that "the hue is empty, there is no trace to be sought" and "there is no peace, so it is romantic", so it often becomes empty and thin, and then it is divorced from reality. This also marks the change of poetic style in the early Qing Dynasty from emphasizing reality to emphasizing form. Shen Deqian (1633 ~ 1669) flaunted the "Theory of Modality" before cleaning towels. He believes that poetry creation should be "gentle and honest" and "peace between China and Britain", which actually adapts to the old tune of "cabinet style" needed by the ruling class. Later, Li E (1692 ~ 1752) compiled The Chronicle of Song Poetry, which flaunted Song poetry and pushed the dispute between Tang and Song poetry to a new climax. Later, Yuan Mei (1716 ~ 1797) advocated the theory of "spiritual nature", with special emphasis on expressing one's "temperament". He said: "A poet can be a poet without losing his childlike heart", and "Poetry can't be written without me" (Poems with the Garden). Although this has its positive significance in the era of Neo-Confucianism and stereotyped writing, it has slipped into another tendency invisibly. Then, Weng Fanggang (1733 ~ 1818) put forward the "theory of texture", which emphasized that poetry should be based on theoretical knowledge, representing the tendency of textual research school since Ganjia. Zheng Xie (Banqiao, 1693 ~ 1765) and Zhao Yi (1724 ~ 1814) were poets who did not establish sects during this period. Zheng Banqiao wrote many works that sympathized with people's sufferings and hated corrupt officials, and expressed dissatisfaction with some theories of verve school and style school. Zhao Yi particularly emphasized the viewpoint of development. His poem "On Poetry", "Li Du's Poems", has been passed down from mouth to mouth, but it is not new so far. There are talented people in Jiangshan generation, each leading the way for hundreds of years, which shines with the ideological light of inspiring people to forge ahead and seek new ideas.