This is the fifth of the twenty songs in Drinking. The main purpose of poetry is to show the poet's thinking process of understanding the "true meaning" by using the theory of "forgetting the image with pride" in Wei and Jin metaphysics, which is full of rational interest. However, it is not a boring philosophical deduction. The poem writes about carefree feelings and beautiful distant scenery. In the realm of scene blending, there is a philosophy that everything is in its place and entrusted for life. This philosophy is refined and condensed by the poet into epigrams such as "the heart is far away from oneself" and "the truth is inside", which gives readers rational enlightenment and makes the rhyme of the whole poem more beautiful and profound.
This poem depicts the different spiritual characteristics of the poem. Unlike ordinary hermits, he flaunts that he was born outside the dust, but "building a house is based on human feelings"; He is in a "human environment", but he can achieve "no car and no horse" and not dye worldly things. What is the reason? The poet said meaningfully: "The heart is far from self-centered". Peace of mind, peace of mind Without distractions, even living in a busy city is like being in a mountain. This profound truth is plain and touching by the poet. Poetry skillfully uses symbolism. "Birds sing and flowers smell", the bird that came back in the evening photo and the man who "leisurely saw Nanshan" set each other off as if he had found a home in this quiet mountain forest.
Artistic conception of artistic works
Tao Yuanming's Drinking has 20 poems. This group of poems was not written after drinking, but the poet's dissatisfaction with reality and love for rural life on the topic of drinking, in order to escape persecution through drunkenness in a very sinister environment at that time. In the twentieth "Drinking", he wrote that "it is more fallacious to hate, so be lenient", which shows his good intentions. This is the fifth one. This poem is based on emotion and melts into the scenery, writing the carefree mood of the poet after retiring to the countryside.
The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two layers, and the first four sentences are one layer. The poet's mood after getting rid of secular troubles shows his thoughts and feelings of despising officialdom and not colluding with the rulers. The last six sentences are on the first floor, which describes the beautiful night scene of Nanshan and the infinite fun that poets get from it. It shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life.
Detailed comments
"Building a house is on earth, but there are no horses and chariots." Although the poet lives in a dirty world, he is not disturbed by the secular world. This is a "land of forgetting the world". The noise of horses and chariots is a portrayal of all kinds of ugliness in officialdom, such as fighting with each other and trying to get an official position. However, Tao Yuanming's "building a house" is not a very distant place. How can he not hear the sound of horses and chariots? The poet seems to understand the reader's psychology very well, so he used a rhetorical question "Ask what you can do" and then replied "I am far from my heart". As long as you stay away from the noise of those dignitaries, other aspects will naturally not entangle with them. These four sentences contain incisive philosophy of life, telling us that people's spiritual world can be self-purified. Under certain conditions, as long as we give full play to our subjective initiative, we can change the influence of the objective environment on ourselves and find the joy of life everywhere. The word "far" reflects the poet's spiritual world, extraordinary and free from vulgarity, and has no thoughts of fame and fortune.
"Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" is a famous sentence that has been circulated for thousands of years. Because of the spiritual realm of "my heart is far away from myself", I will leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the east fence and look up at the mountains. It is so complacent, so different! These two sentences set off the poet's leisurely mood with the description of objective scenery. The word "carefree" is used beautifully, indicating that what the poet saw and felt was not intended to seek, but met unexpectedly. Su Dongpo was full of praise for these two sentences: "The second time I picked chrysanthemums, I happened to see the mountains. I didn't mean it at first, but I enjoyed it." The word "see" is also used strangely, and "see" happens by accident. The beautiful scenery of Nanshan just set off the carefree mood when picking chrysanthemums, and synthesized the "land without me" I forgot. If you use the word "hope", you will have Nanshan in your mind before you look at it. As a result, you will lose your naive interest in forgetting the plane. What is the beauty of Nanshan, which makes poets admire it so much? Then there is "the weather is getting better every day, and the birds are coming back", which is also the scenery that the poet inadvertently saw. In the beautiful evening scenery of Nanshan, birds fly back to the mountain together, and everything is free and adaptive, just like a poet who got rid of the shackles of officialdom and was carefree, and the poet realized the true meaning of nature and life here. "That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say." What did the poet realize from the birds of nature, Nanshan, sunset and autumn chrysanthemum? Is it a natural law that everything moves in its place? Is it a yearning for an ideal society of simple self-sufficiency in ancient times? Is letting nature take its course a philosophy of life? Is it a straightforward and sincere character? The poet didn't express it clearly, but asked questions implicitly for readers to think about, while he "wanted to identify himself and forget his words." If combined with the previous "building a house is human, but there are no horses and chariots", "true meaning" can be understood as the real meaning of life, that is, life should not be squandered on fame and fortune, should not be defiled by the filth of officialdom, but should return to nature and appreciate its infinite freshness and vitality! Of course, this "true meaning" has a great connotation, and the author has not said it all, and there is no need to say it. These two philosophical summaries give readers endless imagination and are memorable.
The whole poem is written in plain and simple language, and the form and content are highly unified. Whether it is writing about the beautiful scenery of Nanshan in the evening, expressing the leisure of seclusion, telling the fun of rural life, or telling the true meaning of life, it is full of fun. For example, "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" and "The mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are coming back every day", and the famous sentences that combine scenery, emotion and reason are self-evident as "What can I ask you?" Sentences such as "the heart is remote" and "the true meaning is in it, and I want to argue and forget my words" are plain and simple, but they also have deep feelings, lofty significance, meaningful, chewy and endless benefits.
Through the description of the scene in front of us, this poem explains the truth that "the heart is far away from itself", expresses the author's comfortable mood and rich spiritual life in seeking fun in natural scenery, and reflects the author's aversion to official corruption and determination to retire from clean life. Tan: Mei is drinking. You should just experience poems and miscellaneous poems, so it's far away. ("The Return of Ancient Poems")
Huang Wenhuan: Shi Tao, if you count the Prime Minister, the composition must be deeper than the layout. "Twenty Drinking Songs" has a special change, many meanings are opposite to vertical, and the meanings correspond to rings. (Interpretation of Tao Poetry)
Ye Mengde: Jin people talk a lot about drinking, and some people are extremely drunk. This may not really mean drinking. Times are hard to hide, and everyone has disasters, but you can be careless by drunkenness. (Shilin Shihua)
Kang Faxiang: In the poem Drinking, Changli said that he ran away with the trust. After the retirement of the Scenery Festival, the world has changed day by day, and he will get drunk when he is drunk. His minions said, "But hate is so absurd that you should forgive me." Look at these two languages, and you escape from this world drunk. (Bo Shan Shihua)
Wang Shumin: These twenty "No Solutions" are actually miscellaneous poems in form; As far as content is concerned, it is a sentimental poem; Because of the topic of drinking, I always talk about drinking poems. ("Tao Yuanming's Poems")
Li Changzhi: Because the poem Drinking was born under the condition of drinking alone, these twenty poems also have a strong lonely tone. -Because there is Tuo's life experience and his personality, he is really lonely, but he is content with loneliness. Loneliness is not unpleasant, so he "toss and turn every night", but he has the courage to meet this pleasure and endure it. (Biography of Tao Yuanming)