However, there are many difficulties in practical teaching. So how can students learn classical Chinese well? As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher.
He can do what children like by hook or by crook, just like playing computer games. Few parents have taught him, but nine out of ten children play well. It can be seen that children can't do well, but the key is whether they are willing to do it.
This poses a severe test for our classical Chinese teaching: how to make our children like learning classical Chinese. In order to solve this problem, the following methods can be adopted in teaching: 1. Lead in * * * to improve learning interest.
Because of the long time, and the obscure classical Chinese has little connection with reality, students will find it both obscure and boring to learn. As the saying goes, "Interest is the best teacher".
Through effective * * * introduction, students' interest can often be stimulated. 1, introduction of real social hotspots.
For example, if you study the article "Public Loss", you can introduce it as follows: "At present, the DPRK nuclear issue has become a hot spot in the international community. In the face of North Korea's nuclear test explosion, the United States threatened to use more severe means to make North Korea yield; North Korea, on the other hand, sticks to its position and never gives in. The two sides hold their own words and are at loggerheads.
China advocates "encouraging peace and promoting talks" to peacefully resolve the DPRK nuclear issue. How to deal with this incident may be enlightening after learning the article Lost. "
2. Pop music law. Nowadays, middle school students have a high degree of acceptance of pop music and are often familiar with some pop songs.
When learning some texts, you can use pop music to lead in. For example, when is the bright moon at the beginning of the water tone? At the beginning of the music, the whole class sang together. As a result, the students were in high spirits and successfully completed the teaching task.
3. How to ask questions. For example, learn the poem "The hut was blown by the autumn wind"-"Students have learned many poems by the great poet Du Fu, so how much do you know about Du Fu? (Student's speech), well, today, let's go upstream along the riverbed of history, go back to 1200 years ago, go to the shabby Du Fu Caotang near Huanhua River in Chengdu, and touch this patriotic heart of thinking about people, thinking about people and thinking about the world. "
In fact, there are many ways to import, and here is just an example. Second, from the shallow to the deep, overcome fear.
Fear of classical Chinese is a common problem for most students. Classical Chinese is actually the written language of ancient people. Don't say that modern people don't need it, even ancient people don't say so. It is farthest from the practical use of real life, and students will definitely find it both obscure and boring to learn. Students put three fears of learning Chinese into the jingle: one is fear of classical Chinese, the other is fear of Zhou Shuren, and the third is fear of writing.
Putting the study of classical Chinese in the first place shows the seriousness of fear of difficulties. In fact, in reality, as the field that Chinese teachers are least willing to study, few teachers choose classical Chinese teaching in open classes and excellent courses. 1, distinguish objects in learning, from shallow to deep, and gradually increase the difficulty.
Guide them to overcome the negative emotional factors that may appear in their study, so that the successful experience in language learning and the formation of emotional attitudes can promote each other. For example, pay attention to students who are introverted or have learning difficulties, pay attention to hierarchical teaching and ask questions, try to let students with learning difficulties answer easier questions, carefully discover the potential of each student and establish their self-confidence. At the same time, I pay attention to guiding students to sum up the reasons reasonably, help them improve their learning strategies, guide students with anxiety to prepare well before class, and guide them to review regularly after class to reduce their anxiety. Teaching practice has proved that a positive emotional attitude is extremely conducive to promoting students to make greater progress in their studies.
The students spoke enthusiastically in class. 2. The most basic, learned and read texts are all selected from the class, so give the students a little sweetness first.
Don't test students in accordance with the requirements of the college entrance examination at the beginning, and don't give students a "horse". After students have a certain foundation, they will gradually increase the difficulty.
Finally, students are assessed according to the requirements of the college entrance examination. Third, accumulate words and pay attention to teaching students learning methods.
Pay attention to guide and urge students to accumulate a certain number of notional words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese, so that they can understand the truth that every little makes a mickle. At the same time, teach students some methods and skills to learn classical Chinese, so that they really feel that learning classical Chinese is not too difficult.
1, pay attention to methods and teach people to fish. Consolidate the accumulation of classical Chinese vocabulary.
Classical Chinese vocabulary learning is an important part of classical Chinese learning, which is inseparable from classical Chinese vocabulary learning. Students can't read and translate without mastering some classical Chinese vocabulary.
First of all, the author requires students to recite certain classical Chinese words every day. At the end of each unit, students should make a summary table of classical Chinese vocabulary and hold a recitation contest of classical Chinese vocabulary to see who can skillfully write the meanings of these classical Chinese vocabulary, and give certain spiritual and material rewards to stimulate their strong interest in learning, so that they can be psychologically satisfied and consciously expand their classical Chinese vocabulary. Under this long-term persistence, the amount of classical Chinese words of all students has increased.
When learning classical Chinese, notional words are the most commonly encountered. Secondly, it is sorting out the classification.
The content words, function words and sentence patterns in each text should be sorted and summarized, but the sorting and summary of each lesson is not limited to this one, but also needs to be enriched by learning new lessons in combination with the meanings learned before. Students are also required to summarize polysemy, ancient and modern different meanings, generic words, flexible use of parts of speech, sentence patterns, idioms, famous sentences and function words in the form of tables.
We should teach students to pay attention to summing up the law of polysemy, so that they can remember firmly, remember more and remember more interestingly. Like "hair", voice.
Original meaning: the arrow (from 1) means that the appointee was born in an acre ("born in sorrow and died in happiness") (2) (1) indicates that color is born in sound and then metaphor ("born in sorrow and died in happiness"). I see. this ...
2. How to appreciate ancient Chinese 1. Analysis on the necessity of creating a good atmosphere for learning ancient Chinese.
The new Chinese curriculum standard emphasizes: "Reading simple classical Chinese can help you understand the basic content with notes and reference books." It can be said that the new Chinese curriculum standard reduces the requirements for learning classical Chinese, and the items of the classical Chinese examination in the senior high school entrance examination are limited to textbooks. Theoretically, there should be a fairly ideal result, but the result is quite unexpected. The author investigated more than 50 Chinese teachers in middle schools, and found that in the process of classical Chinese teaching, most teachers pay great attention to sentence translation, memory and targeted exercises, and the teaching process is rigorous.
However, in the process of learning classical Chinese, most students think that the process of learning classical Chinese in this way is boring and inefficient, just like learning another foreign language. They even think that teaching classical Chinese well is teachers' wishful thinking, and students can only "roll with the punches". The reasons for the low learning efficiency of classical Chinese are: 1. Students leave the situation of understanding classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is really not like modern Chinese, which makes students read fluently and understand the meaning. It is difficult for students to accept the complexity of translation, to understand the expression of stubborn teeth in classical Chinese and to understand the true and rich expression of ancient people's feelings.
For example, in Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Zou Ji asks his wife, concubine and guests the same question: "Who am I, Xu Hongmei in the north of the city?" The wife said, "Your Majesty is very beautiful. How can Xu Can Palace compare with you?" The princess said, how can I compare with you? The guest said, "Xu Gong is not equal to your beauty." They replied with one voice, with the same meaning but different sentence patterns, and slightly changed words, but expressed different tones and different psychology of different characters.
When students understand the above content, they often start with words and sentence patterns, and then rush to answer the teacher's question "Why is the tone different?" Instead of experiencing it in a specific story situation. This understanding of classical Chinese is superficial, dull, vivid and not profound, and the mastery is hasty, hasty, unstable and firm.
2. Students leave the situation of using classical Chinese. Zhao Pu's Half Analects of Confucius Governing the World illustrates the importance of applying what you have learned.
However, in daily life, students' communication is not deliberately expressed in classical Chinese, and they think it is a rather pedantic performance. Kong Yiji's "Too much is too little, too much" is a proof. In the teaching class, our teachers may also ignore the particularity of the flexible use of classic sentences in different situations.
For example, teachers often describe it as a high-profile performance of the United States singing bad human rights at the United Nations, which is interpreted as ulterior motives. But at this time, "The Drunken Pavilion" should not be understood in this way.
In fact, the use of classical Chinese also requires students to have a certain cultural taste. Due to the limitation of students' cultural quality, students have a special liking for the emerging and simple network language, but ignore the use of classical Chinese.
3. Students leave the classical Chinese humanistic situation. Classical Chinese is rich in poetry and painting, exudes unique cultural charm and embodies profound national feelings.
However, students seem unable to understand the subtleties of classical Chinese. For example, in the article Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, students understand the important knowledge of "sense of worry" and "success in adversity". However, when asked about the modern significance of their sense of hardship and how to make themselves talents, students are at a loss.
The key lies in the lack of humanistic situation. The creation of humanistic situation in classical Chinese requires students to pay attention to contemporary social and cultural life, pay attention to the cultivation of their own quality, and strive to be well cultivated in the study of classical Chinese, improve their life quality and cultivate healthy personality.
For example, the creation of the humanistic situation of "anxiety consciousness" makes students worry about the war in peacetime, the environment of developing society, and the incurable diseases in a better life ... Let students learn from the broad mind of the ancients, shoulder the responsibility of inheriting excellent civilization, and establish a correct outlook on life and values. It can be seen that it is very necessary to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
2. Strategic thinking on creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese. Since learning classical Chinese requires a good situation and it is so important to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese, we should think strategically.
1, intonation, irony and intonation is to ask students to read aloud, read correctly and fluently, visualize the language in cadence, beautify and deepen their emotions. Let the students immerse themselves in it, understand the taste of the article and gain something.
"Old books are never tired of reading, and children know themselves when they are familiar with them." "They are familiar with 300 Tang poems, and they can sing even if they can't write poems." This is a subtle presentation of chanting. For example, the repeated reading of "sending 900 people to guard Yuyang and stay in osawa Township" in Chen She Family is different from "sending 900 people to stay in osawa Township", which deeply understands the history of Qin Xing's corvee and people's garrison.
After Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi as a "capable minister", Qi Weiwang said "goodness". Concise and just right, it reflects Qi Weiwang's affirmation of Zou Ji and shows that he is an enterprising and enlightened monarch.
Therefore, when reading the word "goodness", we should read the majesty and wisdom in short notes and the heroic mind in high notes. Such a generation of wise men can be said to have both form and spirit to force Xiao. 2, taste perception, rebuilding the body's teaching of classical Chinese, Mr. Ye Shengtao believes: "When reciting, we should not only rationally understand what we have learned, but also sincerely experience it. Unconsciously, the content and truth become the readers' own things, which is the most precious realm. "
A good example is Tao Yuanming's reading, "appreciating anecdotes and analyzing doubts" and "the governor forgets to eat". When we recite Fan Zhongyan's great political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" in Yueyang Tower, we should realize the practical significance of "enjoying the world first and enjoying the world later".
When we sing the sacredness of "sacrifice one's life for righteousness" in "I want fish", we should feel the will of people with lofty ideals to sacrifice their lives for the country and go to disaster generously throughout the ages. Through the feeling of taste, let students have a cordial experience and make classical Chinese learning interesting; Students' unique aesthetic taste also makes the connotation of classical Chinese shine.
At the same time, students also internalized the excellent cultural essence, achieved perfection, and improved their cultural literacy to varying degrees. 3. The accumulation and application of Ouyang Xiu's poems.
How to say "I, I, Yu, Yu" when addressing "we" in ancient or classical Chinese, and the words "I" and "solitary" used by emperors can usually be translated into "I", "we", "mine" and "ours". There are also: we, our generation, me (more common in novels of Ming and Qing Dynasties).
For example: 1. We tried to concentrate our own strength and disperse the enemy's strength at the same time.
2. "Please come here, my friend, we should all listen," said Mr. Dixon. "There must be a disgusting smell in it." .
Nothing in the world is superior to others unless we are talking about fashion. I'm sorry, but I'd rather leave this topic to women and some men who know the difference between blue and late cherry red.
4, don't always think about those things, our elders also have their own way of longevity, filial piety can be!
Extended data:
We explained:
1, pronoun. Call yourself several people.
For example, the strange situation witnessed in 20 years, the third and sixth time: "Let's get rid of empty talk and get down to business."
Ba Jin's Random Thoughts on Comrade Lini: "I stood on the deck, leaning against the railing, my hands trembled and whispered,' Taiwan Province Province, beautiful land, ours!'" " "
2. Address several people, including yourself. We work together; Our school; Our friendship ...: it means "me".
Example: Have a sense of color. Used in spoken English. Why are you unreasonable? What should we do?
Let me have a rest. How to say it in ancient Chinese? Let me have a rest. Sue, lean against the tree alone for a while. Er Ya explained: Rest, rest. Rest, explanation: rest, rest. These two words are the same in this meaning, both of which mean to have a rest. Classical Chinese means rest, just use one word. Such as "work at sunrise and rest at sunset"; Or? "Gong Jing hunted, rested and sat on the ground to eat."
In classical Chinese, rest can also be expressed in the following words:
1, the rest q √.
Example: "There was a guest house selling vegetables, and the emperor had a rest. 」
It means: An old woman from a foreign country sells snacks in a shop, and Jin Mingdi stops there to have a rest.
From: Liu Yiqing in Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Shuo Xin Yu? False report
2. "Rest" uses "rest"
3. Be careful.
For example, "I am the heroine of Guan Ju. 」
From: Selected Works? Fu Xuan by Zhang Heng
4. Sorry
For example, "officials are attracted by the emperor, but not by the position, but by the people." 」
It means: all the princes, ministers and workers in the world love and support the king of Zhou. It is because of your diligence in politics that the people of the world can recuperate.
From: Poetry, Elegant and False Music
Step 5 take a break
Exodus: Before Fu Qin's Ode, Wei Zhuang in Shu wrote, "Suddenly I saw a flower-like man lying alone in the shade of Populus davidiana. 」
Extended data:
Let me ..... (Do something) The word commonly used in ancient Chinese is "tolerate me" (and the word "harmony" is often added in front of it, indicating that my requirements are small and not too much). Or use other singular first person instead of the first person "I", such as "a", "our home", "I", "a home" and "Xiaxia".
In ancient Chinese, rest is generally expressed by words such as "taking a nap", "catnap" and "taking a break". It means that unlike sleeping at night, you will take off your clothes and sleep for a long time, just take a rest with your clothes on to refresh yourself and relieve fatigue.
In ancient Chinese, it is generally expressed by "instant", "later" and "imaginary time". "A little while" is a vague concept of time. Through the conversion of ancient time units, it can be clear that the time range of "a little while" is more than a quarter of an hour and less than two hours.
These three parts can be combined at will to express the same meaning.