First, early Tang poetry
The civil servants in power in the early Tang Dynasty were deeply influenced by Qi Ran for many years. Emperor Taizong himself also took the lead in writing magnificent palace poems, rich and plain palace poems. During the Zhenguan period, most of the poems were "Offering Peace" and "Waiting for Banquet", such as Yu Shinan and Shangguan Yi. For example, Shangguan Yi's eight poems should be written as follows: "Yao begins to return, and the golden reward begins to fade", "The wind comes with the girl, and the rainbow * * * beauty returns" and "The residual red powder reflects the curtain, and the butterfly warbler gathers outside the window". In addition, the Song Dynasty, Duan Mansion, etc.
Accompanied by the above-mentioned court poets, some new poets appeared one after another or at the same time. They made great efforts to break through the rule of the palace poetic style in their creation, and made certain achievements, namely, Wang Ji in the early Tang Dynasty, Four Masters and Chen Ziang in the post-Gao Zongwu period.
1, Wang Ji, the word reactive, had some career ambitions in his early years, but he was disheartened when his career was frustrated. After returning to his hometown, he often compared himself with Tao Yuanming and imitated him everywhere in his poems. However, he lacked Shi Tao's inherent ideal and enthusiasm, leaving only a state of mind in which the feudal seven doctors led a lazy life, in addition to learning a set of Zhuangzi. Seeing that everyone is drunk, why can't you wake up alone? "
But compared with palace poems, it is fresh and simple. It can be said that Wang Ji was the pioneer of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.
2. The status of "the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" and "the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty are famous for their writings" are relatively low, but they actively created the field of poetic ideological themes.
(1) Wang Bo, whose name is Anren, is Wang Ji's nephew. He was in a low position all his life and finally drowned in the sea. He is a young poet with both talent and learning, and he has taken a different road from the court poets. His poetry has formed its own unique style, "sending Du Shaofu to Sichuan". We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. Know yourself in the sea, and heaven is still our neighbor. Why linger at the fork in the road, children with towels * * *! "The farewell mood of these two officials who run counter to each other was originally complicated, but he put aside the lingering feelings of his children and turned sadness into heroism with such a cheerful and magnificent poem as" bosom friends in the sea and neighbors in the sky ",which showed his extraordinary ambition.
(2) Among the four outstanding figures, Yang Jiong has the least number and the lowest achievement.
(3) Lu, the word has a son, and he is unhappy all his life. He was ill for more than ten years in his later years, and finally drowned. He is good at singing with seven words.
King Robin, a small official, was imprisoned by something. Finally, he was defeated and killed because of his participation in Xu Jingye's activities against Wuhou. Among the four outstanding poets, he has the most poems and is good at seven-character quatrains. His masterpiece is Landscape, and he has also written many frontier poems.
In short, due to historical conditions and the limitations of their own lives, their poems did not completely wash away the habits of Qi Liang. However, the so-called harmonious Tang poetry of later generations, after all, has just started, with expanded themes and serious thoughts. The form of five-character and eight-sentence rhythmic poetry began to take shape. Du Fu said: "Wang Yang and Luo Lu are contemporary", and "Don't waste rivers and mountains for generations" is a correct evaluation.
(5) Chen Ziang took "Apollo" as his word, and his thoughts were complicated. He is good at both Ren Xia and Buddhism, but the Confucian spirit of saving the world is still the dominant aspect of his thought. In the famous Preface to Raising Bamboo, he put forward a positive idea of poetic innovation, which reflected his thoughts on the Youzhou rostrum: "Before me, where was the past era?" Behind me, are the future generations? " . I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, alone! "
Second, poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty
During this period, besides Li Bai and Du Fu, there were many accomplished poets, which were roughly divided into two factions. One group is an idyllic poet, who writes about the leisure life of landscape and pastoral, and the other group is a frontier poet, who writes about the growing life of frontier fortress.
(1) Shanshui Pastoral School
1, Meng Haoran, from Xiangyang, came to live at home and study hard. At the age of 40, he failed to seek an official position in Chang 'an and returned to his hometown. He died in seclusion at home. His life experience is simple, and he has not experienced many storms, which determines that his poetry is not rich in ideological content. Representative works are pastoral poems, such as Passing by the Old Village and An Old Man with a Chicken Invited me to the Field. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. I'll come back when Chongyang is, chrysanthemum time. "The dawn of spring" "In the morning of spring, I woke up carefree, and birds were singing everywhere. But now I think of that night, that storm, I don't know how many flowers were folded? "
His friends are few in number and short in length. His poems are mainly five ancient poems and five laws. However, in terms of artistic integrity and exquisiteness, he can keep pace with Wang Wei, and he has made great contributions to creating a complete and harmonious poetic style in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei. Everyone paid great respect to him and spoke highly of his poems.
2. Wang Wei is a versatile poet who is proficient in poetry, painting and music. His early thoughts were open to politics, but the change of political situation made him start an official life of "the passage of time only gave me peace and freedom of all kinds of troubles". In his later years, he basically held an indifferent attitude of "nothing to do", and in his later years, he even held an attitude of "how many sad things in his life are not for short selling"
His poetry has made great artistic achievements. "There is a picture in the poem, and there is a poem in the picture" not only has the complete artistic conception of Tao poetry, but also has the description of Xie poetry. The language is fresh and refined, simple and polished.