[Teaching objectives]
1. Knowledge and ability: Understand Tao Yuanming's life and writing background, and learn to appreciate poetry through reading, speaking, appreciating, commenting and practicing.
2. Process and method: Understand the rich and profound ideological connotation of this poem, and experience the connotation in the poem, as well as the author's active pursuit of life and love for rural life.
3. Emotional attitude and values: Through the study of drinking, students can form a correct understanding of Tao Yuanming, correctly understand the poet's lofty spiritual realm, inspire students to cultivate an optimistic attitude towards life, and learn to choose a lifestyle that suits them.
[Teaching Focus] Grasp the whole poem as a whole and understand its ideological connotation and spiritual realm.
[Teaching Difficulties] Correctly know and understand Tao Yuanming and his attitude towards life, and learn from yourself.
[teaching media] multimedia player
Teaching process:
First, the introduction of new courses.
Throughout the ages, many people in the officialdom have fought for fame and fortune for their official career, and they have done whatever it takes to get promoted, even distorting human nature and harming others and themselves. However, a few scholars despise the secular, hate officialdom, resign and return to their hometowns, and live a quiet life of "the world is against me, and wealth is useless." Different people have different life pursuits, and different people have different lifestyles. Today, we are going to learn an idyllic poem Drinking by Tao Yuanming, the first pastoral poet in China.
Two. Brief introduction of the author
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), whose name is Ming, changed his name to Qian in his later years. When it comes to fame, this word has far-reaching significance. Since Mr. Wu Liu, after his death, his relatives and friends took care of Jingjie privately, and he was called Mr. Jingjie. Chai Sang, a native of Jiujiang County, was a poet, lyricist and essayist at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He is an official of Fu, and his grandfather Tao Mao and his father are both governors. When I was a child, my family declined. When I was nine years old, I lost my father, and I lived with my mother and sister at my grandfather's house. Influenced by the ideological trend of the times and the family environment, he accepted two different thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different interests: "aiming high" and "loving the mountains". In the eighteenth year of Taiyuan (393), Emperor Xiaowu cherished the wish of "helping the poor" and did not become an official until he was twenty-nine. He served as a small sesame official in Jiangzhou, joined the army and became a county official. At that time, the gate valve system was strict, and he was born in a civilian, so he was looked down upon. Not only can't he display his ambition, but he also has to go to bring disgrace to oneself to deal with some officialdom figures during sexual intercourse. When he made the Pengze county magistrate, he didn't bow down. On the same day, the official returned to his hometown and wrote many poems, such as Qu Xi Ci, Gui Yuan and Drinking. Thirteen years from being an official to returning to the field at the age of 42. Being the first pastoral poet in the history of China literature had a great influence on Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and others in the Tang Dynasty.
Third, appreciate poetry.
1. Play the pipa and listen to audio books.
2. Draw the rhythm and read the rhythm model aloud.
Qing: Building a house/on a man's site, but there is no traffic/noise. When you ask Jun/He/Can, your mind is far/wide/biased. Picking chrysanthemums/Dongli/Xiaxia, leisurely/watching/Nanshan. Mountain sky/sunset/beautiful scenery, birds/phase/return. I want to distinguish/own/forget/say what I mean.
3. Discuss in groups and translate the whole poem.
Building a house is under human conditions, but there are no chariots and horses.
Living in a crowded place, I can't hear the noise of cars and horses.
What can you do? A secluded heart makes a secluded place.
How could you do that? Because the heart is far away from the world, it naturally feels far away.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The weather is getting better every day, and the birds are back.
Nanshan in the sunset is shrouded in a misty mist, which is more and more wonderful. A pair of birds fly to the nest in the forest together at dusk.
There is real meaning in this. I have forgotten what I want to say.
There is the real meaning of life here, and I want to distinguish it, but there is no suitable language expression.
4. Analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in each sentence.
One or two sentences are affectionate and enjoyable; Three or four sentences are quiet and leisurely; Five or six sentences are satisfaction and pride; Seven or eight sentences intoxicated, carefree; Ninety sentences are long and emotional.
Fourth, question inquiry.
1, the first four sentences of the poem say "live in a bustling city, spotless", and the fundamental reason is "away from the heart", so why is it "away from the heart"? Away from what?
Poets live in the world, but there are no mundane things, because democratic consultation transcends mundane things, is not confused by fame and fortune, is not tired by Rong Lu, and lives a quiet life. Away from the officialdom, away from the secular, these four sentences affirmed that one's heart is far is the right choice. "Telepathy" and "leaving the ground" are the relationship between subjective spirit and objective environment. These four sentences contain incisive philosophy of life, telling us that people's spiritual world can be self-purified. Under certain conditions, as long as we give full play to our subjective initiative, we can change the influence of the objective environment on ourselves and find the joy of life everywhere.
"Distant mind" includes: lofty mind, indifferent to fame and fortune, and quiet life. This lofty spiritual realm of not worshipping for the five buckets of rice and a philosophical attitude towards life (taking advantage of the greedy spring to refresh yourself, and enjoying it after doing it) are Tao Yuanming's immortal spiritual fortress.
2, understand the famous sentence "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely see Nanshan"
This is a landscape painting from God, which depicts the poet gathering chrysanthemums attentively and leisurely under the fence in the east. Looking up, you can inadvertently see the distant and detached Nanshan. Two sentences describe the poet's carefree image. This is not an ordinary "chrysanthemum picking" action, but contains the poet's extraordinary taste and noble sentiment of loving nature.
Dongli's Shuang Ling Huang Ju, the verdant and steep Nanshan, the beautiful natural scenery and the detached poets in Building a House are integrated, forming the artistic conception of harmony between man and nature, which contains rich philosophy: only when you are detached from the world can you have leisure to pick chrysanthemums; Only picking chrysanthemums leisurely can we see the leisure of Nanshan, and the leisure of Nanshan is the author's own leisure. This sentence depicts a beautiful artistic conception of blending scenes and scenes, and also depicts an image of picking chrysanthemums. It is well known that man and nature are picturesque, which has been passed down through the ages.
3. What does the sentence "The weather is getting better every day and the birds are coming back" describe? What's the point?
Sunset, beautiful mountains, accompanied by birds, tired of returning home, picturesque. Birds know they are home when they are tired of flying, but some people are still running around in officialdom, chasing fame and fortune, and are willing to return to the beautiful and peaceful embrace of nature. The poet "Returning to the Garden" wrote that "you can return to nature only if you stay in a cage for a long time". Although these two sentences describe the scenery, they actually express your understanding, and use the phenomenon of birds returning to the garden to compare people's understanding of "returning to nature"
4. Understanding of the last two sentences
The main sentence of this poem expresses feelings.
Forgetting words means not knowing what language to use to describe them, but only understanding them. It's wonderful. Everything has its place, the true meaning of life, returning to nature, resigning from office, the true meaning of life.
Five, guide the recitation
Sixth, classroom exercises.
1, the poem shows that you are far away from officialdom, do not admire wealth, and only seek to return to nature and surpass it. This poem is.
2. This poem about the joy of seclusion is.
This poem shows that the author lives in a house and is carefree. This poem is.
Seven. Summary and expansion
It is of positive significance for Tao Yuanming to abandon his official position and retire to seclusion, be indifferent to fame and fortune, lead an honest and clean life, get rid of the dark officialdom and choose a lifestyle that suits him. We should learn from his optimistic attitude towards life, but we should also treat his retirement dialectically and lead an honest and clean life. We don't have to retire to the countryside and get rid of the secular world, but we should actively participate in social life and learn to survive.
Eight, arrange homework back meeting and copy drinking.
Blackboard design: drinking
Away from the heart-away from the world, extraordinary.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence-love nature and be calm.
Birds in the mountains-natural scenery, meaning seclusion.
Forget the true meaning-the true meaning of life, and return to the original.