However, due to the adaptation, fiction and even polishing of many film and television works in recent years, it seems that Shangguan Waner is mostly known to the world because of her colorful and heated gossip. Today, let's put aside these unwarranted gossip rumors and go into history to see the more real and wonderful parts of Shangguan Waner's life.
June 20 13, the tomb of Shangguan Waner was excavated in Xixian New Area, Shaanxi. The epitaph is engraved with the inscription of Shangguan Shi in Tang Dynasty, which is written in regular script, and records the lineage, date of birth, date of death and burial of Shangguan Waner in detail. With the deepening of archaeological research, the ups and downs of Shangguan Waner's life are gradually and clearly presented to the world.
First of all, I was born in a famous family, but my life is unfortunate.
In 664 AD, that is, the first year of Linde, Tang Gaozong and Shangguan Waner were born. Is the compound surname Shangguan Houshi a noble family? According to legend, he is a descendant of this branch of Shangguan Jie in the Western Han Dynasty, and his sons Shangguan 'an and Sun Shangguan are all famous ministers. Shangguan Waner's great-grandfather Shangguan Xian was the magistrate of Youzhou in Northern Zhou Dynasty, and his great-grandfather Shangguan Hong was the deputy supervisor of Jiangdu Palace in Sui Dynasty. Grandfather Shangguan Yi is the prime minister of the official residence. He not only manages well, but also writes well. He often drafts imperial edicts for the emperor.
However, the so-called "success is also Xiao He, failure is also me", and the whole family also fell to the bottom because of this honor. In the first year of Linde, as usual, Shangguan Yi drafted an imperial edict for Emperor Gaozong. The difference is that the content of this imperial edict is to abolish Wuhou. New Tang book? This absurd history is recorded in detail in Biography of Shangguan Yi.
At first, the marquis of Wu gained power and was autocratic, which greatly restrained the emperor. The emperor could not bear to abolish the marquis of Wu as Shu Ren, so he called his trusted minister and confidant Shangguan Yi to discuss and draw up an imperial edict. After the imperial edict was promulgated, Wu Zetian's eloquence easily withdrew Gao Madong's authorization.
The emperor was afraid that Wu Zetian would hold a grudge against him, so he said,' Shangguan Yi taught me to do this'. After Wu Zetian ascended the throne, she carried forward the consistent style of never being soft on the enemy. Once liquidated, she put Shangguan Yi and her son Shangguan Tingzhi (that is, Shangguan Waner's father) to death. Shangguan Waner, who was born with a golden spoon, was sent to Yiting as a handmaiden with her mother Zheng without enjoying the protection of family honor.
During this period, although Shangguan Waner was in the lowest position, she managed to fight back against the wind and turned the situation around. Under the careful teaching and training of her mother (also a celebrity), she studied needlework and read poetry books very well. Not only can you recite poems and write essays, but you can also be knowledgeable and versatile, so that you can become famous.
Second, gold always shines.
Shangguan Waner's extraordinary talent once again attracted the attention of Wu Zetian. At this time, Wu Zetian's mentality has changed, and she seems to feel that the punishment for the Shangguan family is too severe. So in Yifeng two years, she summoned fourteen-year-old Shangguan Waner. At this point, she has been chased as a talented person. Wu Zetian gave a question on the spot to test whether it is worthy of the name. Shangguan Waner is adept, and with her extraordinary talent, she completed the examination questions in an instant. The expression is fluent, gorgeous and beautiful, and the calligraphy is also beautiful and charming.
Wu Zetian was very happy after reading it and was full of praise for her talent. She pardoned Shangguan Waner's handmaiden status on the spot, named her' my wealthy family' and was responsible for drafting the imperial edict in the palace. In the following years, Wu Zetian has been highly valued by her. Later, she handled the memorials of hundreds of officials for Wuhou and participated in the decision-making of important government affairs. She is called "female prime minister".
Empress Wu Zetian is famous for her iron fist and biting in history. Shangguan Waner can live in peace with Wu Zetian for more than 20 years, which proves her uniqueness in dealing with people.
Beyond politics, Shangguan Waner also has an extremely important position in the literary world. Her writing style inherited from her grandfather Shangguan Yi, based on the form of melody, and on this basis, she carried forward innovation, portrayed things in delicate and delicate language, and changed the gaudy atmosphere since Qi and Liang Dynasties. It suddenly became the mainstream form of poetry creation at that time, and' official style' prevailed in the Tang Dynasty.
According to the textual research of poetry works in the early Tang Dynasty, Shangguan Waner was regarded as the school of Ci (the highest evaluation). She judges the poems written by ministers and weighs the merits of the works according to whether they are gorgeous or not, which is her own selection criteria. Influenced and blessed by her political status, she also launched elegant collections of poems and essays around the world? Similar to today's' draft', she is naturally the chief judge, and most of the literati in the dynasty were her' loyal fans'.
In Tang Zhongzong, Shangguan Waner was named as a Jieyu, and soon she was promoted to Zhao Rong, which was even stronger. In the past, as an imperial concubine and concubine, she held all the decrees and announcements of the palace and the outer court in her own hands.
Shangguan Waner led the academic trend of the whole country, called the outstanding ministers of the contemporary ci circles, contended for power and things, wrote poetry competitions, promoted and rewarded talented people and winners. It has greatly promoted the development of culture. In addition, Shangguan Waner has also made great contributions to the expansion of the theme of landscape poetry. For example, her work "A Tour of Princess Changning's Cup and Pool" creatively breaks through the form of previous court poems, and is full of feelings and scenes, with a natural charm of sending feelings to mountains and rivers.
Third, the emotional experience of stigma.
In 705, Tang Zhongzong Li Xian resurrected Li Tang and returned to the throne. The year number is the first year of the dragon. After Li Xian succeeded to the throne, he was still mourning for Emperor Gaozong, so political affairs were still temporarily represented by his mother Wu Zetian. However, after the mourning period, Wu Zetian still monopolized the power and had no intention of regaining power. Li Xian was weak and unwilling to be controlled, so he promoted Wei Ruyun's family cronies in an attempt to check and balance Wuhou, and was deposed by Wu Zetian.
Shangguan Waner is handsome and good at dressing up. As early as when she was young, she married Li Xian, when her mother had died. Later, Zhongzong was abandoned as a secluded prisoner, and only Wei Hou was in the same boat with him. After the reset, she withdrew the title conferred by Shangguan Waner and ratified her mother, Mrs. Zheng Wei.
Grandfather Shangguan Yi's grievance was also rehabilitated, and father Shangguan Tingzhi was also named assistant minister of Huangmen and county magistrate of Tianshui. As an imperial concubine, Shangguan Waner has a successful career and won the trust and appreciation of Wei.
To show his love, Li Xian sent people to build stones and gardens in Shangguan Waner's residence, and they were often entertained by them. During the Tang Dynasty, the management of the Forbidden City was open and relaxed, and palace officials could enter and leave. Shangguan Waner often contacts officials and ministers, and some people come to seek high positions. But the comments of later generations are often accompanied by peach filters.
There is a saying that "power is the best aphrodisiac". Like Wu Zetian, Shangguan Waner, who is in power, can't avoid customs. She was having an affair with Wu Zetian's nephew Wu Sansi. Wu Sansi is handsome and good at kissing up to women.
Wu Sansi introduced Cui Zhuo, who became attached to himself, to Shangguan Waner. Cui Kun is young and promising, famous for his prose, from an official to an assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Later, Cui Shu's brothers, Cui Li, Cui Ye and Cui Di, were introduced to the palace. They all held important positions because of their outstanding talents. All four brothers are like jade, and they have been following Shangguan Waner ever since.
Evaluation of historical figures must have an objective historical vision and vision. However, due to the particularity and scarcity of women's politics in the traditional history of China, many people unconsciously put on colored glasses. Shangguan Waner's life story must be called "scandal", as if her life was a pile of scandals.
Many people think that the phrase "being familiar with cronies in his later years and neglecting power" in Jinglong Wenguan Collection is far-fetched. However, the word "communication" can be interpreted as adultery or handover. A possible guess cannot be regarded as an indisputable historical fact.
As far as official history is concerned, Shangguan Waner's life was obviously seriously stigmatized, and her evaluation at that time was much higher than that of later history books. In the early years of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty entrusted Zhang to compile the Collected Works of Tang and Shangguan Shi. In the preface, Zhang's evaluation of Shangguan Waner is: "vibrant and talented." ? Affirmation of his appearance. Be sensitive to listening and explore the mirror. ? Affirmation of his words and deeds.
An open book tastes just like before. Shake the pen and fly away and become the same structure. ''? Appreciation of his talent and ability. In ancient times, there were women history books, and women ministers made decisions and made statements. ''? Compare history. Zhao Rong has the beauty of both dynasties, and it should be satisfied that there are many opportunities and no consultants in one day. ''? It can be seen that Shangguan Waner's "all-round" ability is rare throughout the ages. Although Ban Yuan was called in Chinese, which was praised by Zuo Wei, the writing was different, and the power of assistance was also different. ''? Even Ban Jieyu in Han Dynasty and Zuo Fen in Jin Dynasty can't be compared.
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Shangguan Waner is outstanding in poetry and prose, but her character has always been controversial. Some admire his talent, some criticize his fornication, some praise him highly, and some despise him. Based on the real historical data, Shangguan Waner has recorded it in the official history such as Old Tang Book and New Tang Book. As a historical figure, she certainly has the performance of pandering to the powerful and controlling the imperial palace and the so-called fornication palace, but her contemporaries, such as Zhang Shuo and Wu Ping, spoke highly of her.
In modern times, people gradually look at history with more objective eyes and angles. As a woman, Shangguan Waner participated in politics and influenced a generation of writing style, which was extremely rare in the ancient history of China. She not only created poems handed down from ancient times, but also advocated unique literary activities such as selecting talents and commenting on poems, and became a pioneer and leader in the literary world of the Tang Dynasty at that time. It played an important role in promoting the artistic level and popularization of poetry at that time.