There are many subjugated kings in history, and there are also many subjugated kings who can write poems and lyrics. However, among them, not many have actually left behind works that have been passed down to this day. It can be said that they are very few. There are few, and Chen Shubao, the subjugated king in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Li Yu, the subjugated king in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, are the best among them.
In addition, there was a subjugated king during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Although his deeds and literary achievements are not as famous as those of Chen Shubao and Li Yu, there are also works handed down. This subjugated king is the former Wang Yan, the queen of Shu.
The former Shu was a separatist regime in the early period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Its founder was Wang Jian, one of the generals of the Shence Army during the Xizong period of the Tang Dynasty. Wang Jian arrived in Shu at the end of the Tang Dynasty and ran his own business here. power. Later, Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty and established the Back Liang Dynasty. Wang Jian did not recognize the legitimacy of the Back Liang Dynasty, so he proclaimed himself emperor in Shu and established the former Shu regime.
After Wang Jian’s death, 20-year-old Wang Yan came to the throne. As Wang Jian’s youngest son, Wang Yan was neither the eldest nor the virtuous, but he had a good mother. His mother is Concubine Xu Xian of Wang Jian. During Wang Jian's lifetime, he had two concubines: Concubine Xu Xian and Concubine Xu Shu. They were both Wang Jian's beloved concubines and were favored by Wang Jian.
Wang Jian was very soft-spoken in his later years. Originally, after the death of the crown prince, there was a new successor candidate, but Concubine Xu and the eunuchs interfered with Wang Jian's choice. In the end, Wang Yan became the new crown prince, and became the new crown prince after Wang Jian. The emperor of former Shu.
However, this emperor was better than the women in the palace. He did not know the sufferings of the world and political wars. However, he had a special obsession with having fun. After Wang Yan succeeded to the throne, he relied on Wang Jian to dominate the Shu area for nearly thirty years. Years of management and the natural dangers of Shu were intoxicated. During his reign, he did a few things: selling his official title, competing with the people for profit, carrying out large-scale construction projects, drinking and playing games, touring the world, etc.
The economy of Shu is prosperous, but the normal income of the treasury cannot satisfy Wang Yan and Er Xu's extravagance. In order to have enough wealth to enjoy themselves, Empress Dowager Xu and Concubine Xu encouraged Wang Yan to sell his official title after he succeeded to the throne. The highest bidder would get the vacancy of the provincial governor. Not only that, when Erxu saw what kind of shops made money, he opened what kind of hotels and shops in Dayi, Tongdu, to compete with the people for profit.
After some operations by Wang Yan and Er Xu, they accumulated a lot of wealth to meet their hedonistic needs, and then began to build an extremely luxurious Xuanhua Garden with pavilions and terraces. , buildings, pavilions, palaces, halls and other buildings are all in good order, it is simply a fairyland on earth, and naturally it is a waste of money.
After the completion of Xuanhua Garden, it became a place for Wang Yan and his harem concubines, guests, and officials to have banquets. Xuanhua Garden has been brightly lit since the day it was built, and the banquets usually lasted all night. On Dadan, Wang Yan once held a banquet in Xuanhua Garden for nine days. During the banquet, there was singing and dancing, and everyone was peaceful and happy.
After enjoying themselves in Xuanhua Garden for a long time, Wang Yan also invented the drunken makeup. He himself liked to wrap a small scarf on his head, which was as pointed as an awl, while the concubines in the harem wore it. They wear lotus crowns, their faces are painted with red powder, and they wear Taoist costumes. When they get drunk at the banquet, they will take off the golden crowns on their heads, and their buns will hang naturally to both sides, which has a unique flavor. This is The famous drunk makeup.
In this situation, how could Wang Yan, who was "quite knowledgeable and capable of eloquent words", be inspired, so he came up with the famous "Drunk Makeup Ci", the full poem is as follows:
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"Go, go over there, just looking for flowers and willows. Go over there, go, don't hate the golden cup of wine."
This poem is considered a rogue poem by many people, but This is not the case for Wang Yan. He is just a true portrayal of Wang Yan's extravagant life, so art comes from life, that's it.
Of course, the life in Xuanhua Garden cannot trap Wang Yan. He also likes to tour the world, always in large battles, bringing with him Erxu, concubines, maids, eunuchs, guards, Officials and so on are called touring the world, but they are actually traveling.
Once, Wang Yan took Er Xu to visit Qingcheng Mountain. He asked the palace people to wear clothes with clouds painted on them and flutter on the mountain. They really looked like gods. Wang Yan For this reason, he also wrote a song "Ganzhou Song", the full words are as follows:
"Painting a skirt can untie the waist and measure the waist. The willow eyebrows and peach face are full of spring. The beauty is full of spirit, but it is a pity that it has fallen into the "Fengchen."
Wang Yan thinks that such a life is better than that of a god. Of course, besides looking at people and scenery, he also does not forget to satisfy his own desires. He once fell in love with Wang Chengxiu. His wife, the Yan family, after Wang Chengxiu became the Tianxiong Jiedu Envoy and was stationed in Qinzhou, Wang Yan also used the tour to Qinzhou to have a private meeting with the Yan family.
In October 925, when Wang Yan set out again to Qinzhou to meet the Yan family, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty Li Cunxu sent his eldest son Li Jiji and Guo Chongtao to attack the former Shu. Wang Yan returned to Shu in embarrassment, unable to do anything at all. In the face of resistance, Wang Yan surrendered to the Later Tang Dynasty with his hands tied behind his back and a coffin. The former Shu was destroyed. Wang Yan was quickly killed. He was only 28 years old when he died.
Wang Yan reigned for eight years and made no political achievements. He was good at eating, drinking and having fun. Of course, he also made some contributions to poetry. Although he wrote all pornographic and rogue poems, he was also good at everything. It is not without its shortcomings. For example, the poem "Drunk Makeup Ci" he wrote was selected into the "Appreciative Dictionary of Tang and Song Ci".
As a literary appreciation book, "Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang and Song Poems" has a strong lineup of authors, all of whom are experts in the research fields of ancient literature and Song Dynasty poetry. They represent the highest level of contemporary literary appreciation. They have a deep understanding of Tang and Song poetry Analyze the words, carefully consider the words and sentences, and have unique insights. Logically speaking, how could such an elegant work include Wang Yan's "Drunk Makeup Ci"?
"Zui Zhuang Ci" adopts the interweaving technique often used in the "Book of Songs" and Yuefu poems in the pre-Qin period, and vividly expresses the fun of wanton banquets, including wine, color, scenery and feasts. , the so-called drunken life and dreaming of death are nothing more than this. Moreover, the word is "both lucid and coherent, and particularly round and flowing, and the syllables are very harmonious."
In short, this is a good word, so even if it is a pornographic word, it can be selected into the list. In the "Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang and Song Ci", of course, as ordinary people, if we look at this poem carefully, we can't actually see anything special. It is that the sentence structure is repeated and superimposed, and it all rhymes, and it is catchy. The key is still It is the work of a subjugated king, so it immediately raised the height of this poem.
But if I really want to say how outstanding this poem is among the poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties, I really can’t give a special reason. At least this poem alone cannot be seen as too good. However, this poem is an orphan poem. The name of the poem "Zui Zhuang Ci" was invented by Wang Yan himself, and he was the only one to write such a poem.
After that, he may have felt that this tune was not outstanding, or that it was too simple. In short, no one used this tune to compose lyrics anymore, so Wang Yan’s lyrics became an orphan. Ci, since it is an original Ci Pai name, although no latecomers have used it, it is still a type of Ci Pai after all. This is one of the reasons why Gai Ci was selected into the "Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang and Song Ci Ci".