The first issue: reading roaming period.
At this time, Du Fu was in the late Tang Dynasty, and the young Du Fu was like a fledgling man, full of ideals and ambitions. At this time, Du Fu's poems are full of atmosphere and vitality, revealing his extraordinary political ideals and youthful vitality between the lines. The most famous representative of this period was Wang Yue. The poem's first couplet, neck couplet and couplet show the vastness of Qilu and the grandeur of Mount Tai, as well as the sentence of "Reach the Peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.". The end of the poem perfectly embodies the poet's extraordinary ambition and outstanding poetry, making people seem to see a bohemian youth image and stand proudly on the top of Mount Tai.
Phase II: Living in Chang 'an.
During this period, Du Fu began to experience setbacks in life. Du Fu first took the exam in Chang 'an, and then came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and gave them to the nobles, and lived a life of "detaining the rich man in the morning, fattening horses at night, throwing cups and chilling, and hiding sadness everywhere". From this, we can easily imagine that there are many things in Du Fu's poems that reflect his frustration in official career and his inability to seek official positions, thus showing his helplessness. On the other hand, Du Fu also saw the corruption of bureaucrats and the hardships of people's lives under the aura of the prosperous Tang Dynasty through his own eyes. At this time, Du Fu's poems are a little more ironic and critical. During this period, famous works such as Military Vehicle Shop and Er Gong Lu appeared. Auto Shop shows people the sufferings brought by sports and exposes the belligerent crimes of the rulers. The last sentence, "The new ghost is wailing there with the old ghost now, the loudest in the dark sky on a stormy day", is a compilation of war suffering and poet criticism. In "The Second Way", Du Fu sketched the extravagant life and extravagance of the Yang family after they were favored, and the last sentence, "It's too hot to bear, beware of the prime minister, beware of his frown", was even more ironic, which showed the irony to the nobility incisively and vividly. In addition, the most famous poem in this period should be "From Beijing to Fengxian", the famous sentence "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the ghosts on the road freeze to death". This sentence contrasts the luxurious life of the nobility with the life of ordinary people who don't have enough to eat and clothes. The contrast is strong, which strongly reflects the people's life and the huge gap between the rich and the poor in the social life at that time.
The third period: the period of being trapped as a thief and being an official.
An Shi Rebellion broke out, people were displaced, and Du Fu was also involved in the war. In the creation of this period, the poet Du Fu integrated the feelings of worrying about the country and the people into his poems, and his poetic style was more peaceful and full of feelings of worrying about the country. In such a turbulent social environment, Du Fu used his pen to leave three officials (Shi Hao officials, Xin 'an officials and Tongguan officials) and three farewells (newly married, homeless and resigned). Du Fu recorded what he saw and heard in a realistic way, which reflected the following points.
The fourth period: the wandering period in the southwest.
During this period, Du Fu suffered a series of setbacks, such as military defeat, famine and the loss of his beloved son. In addition, Du Fu is getting older and sickly, and his poetic style at this time tends to express Du Fu's own feelings. At this time, his works, such as Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, expressed his joyful mood, but more poems expressed his anxious mood, such as The Hut was Blown by Autumn Wind, Sick Orange and Climbing the Building. "Falling leaves are like waterfalls, but I think the long river is always rolling forward" in Ascending the Mountain, through the sadness of falling wood and the Yangtze River and the integration of Du Fu, has become a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. And the "three schools of thought" in "Shuxiang" are always in the world, and the two dynasties helped the old ministers. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. " It is through the image of Zhuge Liang that he expresses his nostalgia for the past and hurts the present.
Du Fu's poetic style can be classified according to the four historical periods that Du Fu experienced, but personally, from the second period, Du Fu's poems can make people feel the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and the rise and fall of the world, and every man is responsible. Exploring the transformation of Du Fu's poetic style is actually the process of knowing Du Fu himself through his poems. Although the Tang Dynasty in which Du Fu lived was far away from us in space and time, the realism and feelings of worrying about the country and the people in Du Fu's poetic style will always affect future generations.
Du Fu, an ideologically Confucian poet, consciously accepted the political norm of criticizing current politics with poetry, hoping that the political deficiency of the imperial court could be enlightened through his own poems. If the king changes after hearing this and takes measures to remedy the shortcomings, it will be a blessing to society. The political and social purpose of writing poems has been achieved, and the duties that should be performed as a Confucian scholar have also been fulfilled.
Du Fu's poems can be a mirror to observe similar phenomena in different historical periods by exposing unreasonable phenomena in a specific era. The poet Du Fu perfectly realized the ideal standard of Confucian benevolence and love in his works criticizing current politics.