Fire safety knowledge broadcast manuscript 1 (1) Understanding the hazards of fire.
In social life, fire is one of the disasters that threaten public safety and endanger people's lives and property. As the saying goes:? Fire and water are ruthless? ; ? Thieves steal half and burn all? .
The harmfulness of fire is reflected in the following five aspects.
1, fire will cause significant direct property losses.
2. The indirect property loss caused by the fire is more serious. In modern society, all walks of life are closely linked, which affects the whole body.
Fire will cause a lot of casualties. According to statistics, in 2000, there were 302 fire deaths1person and 4,404 burns, with an average of 8.3 people per day. China is one of the countries with the largest number of fire deaths every year in the world, ranking fourth.
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Fire will destroy the ecological balance. According to statistics, the average annual forest fire area in China has reached 6.5438+0 million hectares (the forest coverage rate in China is only 654.38+0.3% and that in Japan is 60%), and the forest area has been greatly reduced, resulting in floods.
5. Fire will cause bad social and political influence. If there is a fire in the head office, communication hub, foreign-related units, ancient buildings and scenic spots, it will have a serious political impact, even affecting the whole country and even the whole world.
What common fire fighting knowledge should be mastered in daily life?
1, don't play with fire, don't fiddle with electrical equipment at will.
2. Remind parents not to throw cigarette butts, matchsticks and other kindling in waste paper baskets or combustible sundries at will, and not to smoke on the bed or sofa.
3. Remind parents not to use firewood, wood, charcoal and coal. As a fuel, outdoor smoking and open fire operations are prohibited in windy days or high fire danger weather.
6. Don't use fire or store items in stairwells and public walkways. Do not use fire in the shed, do not store inflammable and explosive articles, and do not maintain motor vehicles. Don't smoke or use fire in the no-fire area.
7. Call the fire alarm number 1 19 immediately after finding the fire, and explain the detailed address.
8. Once there is a fire at home, you must keep calm. Don't open the doors and windows rashly when putting out the fire, so as to avoid air convection and accelerate the spread of the fire.
9, master the basic methods of fire escape, clear residential environment, familiar with the escape route. When the fire comes, you should escape quickly, and don't be greedy for property, so as not to lose the chance of escape.
10, when fleeing from the fire, keep calm and correctly estimate the fire. If the fire is not big, make a decisive decision and put on soaked clothes, bedding, etc. Run towards the safety exit. Don't take the elevator when you escape. Close the door behind you when you escape to prevent smoke from entering.
1 1. There is a fire downstairs. Residents upstairs should not open the door to watch or rush downstairs to escape. They should close the door tightly. They can block the door with soaked sheets and curtains or stick tape on it. If the door is very hot, you can splash water to cool it down.
12. If the escape route is blocked by fire, you can move to the balcony or the window where the ladder car is set, and send out a distress signal by flashing a flashlight, waving clothes or calling for help.
For the students in our campus, how to escape and save themselves in case of fire?
1 escape early. Under normal circumstances, it only takes more than ten minutes for the fire to burn wildly, leaving people with very short escape time. Therefore, in the event of a fire, you must leave the scene at the first time.
2. Protect the respiratory system. When you escape, wet towels, clothes, cloth strips and other items with water, and cover your nose and mouth with them to avoid coma or poisoning caused by smoke and the danger of suffocation caused by hot air burning respiratory soft tissue. If the smoke is heavy, crawl forward with your knees and elbows on the ground.
3. Evacuate from the tunnel. Such as evacuation stairs, fire elevators and outdoor evacuation stairs. You can also consider using windows, balconies, roofs, lightning wires, downpipes, etc.
4. Slide with a rope. Use strong ropes or tear curtains, sheets and bedding into strips, twist them into ropes, soak them in water and tie them to strong pipes, window frames and bedsteads. Trapped people will slide down the rope one by one to the next floor or the ground.
5, low-rise jump, suitable for the second floor. Before jumping, throw some soft items such as quilts, pillows, mattresses and coats on the ground so that? Soft landing? Then grab the window with your hands, and your body will droop and slide down naturally, shortening the jumping height. But don't jump too high, because jumping from a height above 10 meters (three stories high) rarely leads to survival. To this end, the most important thing is to ask for help. You should immediately wet the sheets and bedding with water, and block the doors and windows with it to prevent smoke from infiltrating. At the same time, we should constantly splash water on sheets and bedding to prevent them from drying out.
6, with the help of equipment. Usually used are descent control device, life-saving bag, net, air cushion, ladder, sliding bar, sliding table, guide rope, life-saving gangway, etc.
7. Take temporary refuge. When there is no way out, you can use the bathroom to overcome the difficulties temporarily. When taking refuge, water should be sprayed on the doors and windows facing the fire, so that all combustible materials in the room can be wetted and the time can be prolonged. During the temporary refuge, you should take the initiative to contact the outside world in order to be rescued as soon as possible.
8. Use signs to guide escape. On the walls, ceilings, doors and corners of public places? Fire escape? 、? Emergency exit? 、? Safe passage? 、? Fire alarm phone? The trapped people fled in the order indicated by the road signs. Urgent need? .
9. Promote the interests of others. We must resolutely put an end to acts that disregard other people's lives and the phenomenon of getting ahead of others. Only by orderly and rapid evacuation can casualties be minimized.
Miss Fan Er: Dear teachers and classmates, hello! Today, I will bring some common sense of fire safety to the students with Li, a sixth-grade student, to improve our awareness of fire safety self-prevention. Li, do you want to say hello to everyone? Li: Hello, everyone! I'm Li.
Fan: Hey? When Li talks about fire fighting, we will suddenly think of fire fighting. Do you know two fires that happened in Changsha front?
Li: Yes, just a few days ago, a fire broke out in the most prosperous pedestrian street in Changsha. I heard it was on the first floor of the Fire Palace. At that time, some netizens posted photos online. My mother showed it to me as soon as I got home from school. What a big fire! Smoke billowed and I don't know how much was lost.
Fan: Yes, a fire broke out in a building where the chemical laboratory of Central South University in Changsha was located a while ago, and the roof was burned out. Fortunately, there were no casualties.
Li: After listening to this, I think fire safety is really important. So, Teacher Fan, what should we do in case of fire?
Fan: You can guess, because we all know that when there is a fire, you should call the fire alarm? 1 19? Ah. Because of the fire call again,165438+1October 9 was named? Fire day? , interesting? But do you know it is necessary to report the fire? Li: It's not clear.
Fan: Let me tell you, when there is a fire, you should call the fire alarm as soon as possible and find out where the fire happened and how big it was.
Li: Oh, I see. When making a phone call, we should also pay attention to how to make the fire uncles better understand.
Fan: Of course, prevention is the most important thing. First of all, let's take a look at the flammable materials around us. There are many combustible objects around our lives, and combustible objects are called combustibles.
Li: I know. Some common daily necessities around us, such as paper, sawdust, gasoline, clothes, quilts and so on.
Fan: Yes, students might as well go home and see if you can tell which ones are flammable and which ones are not. In addition, we also listed 20 fire safety problems that often appear in the family. This situation is very likely to cause a fire. Students remember to check with their parents.
Li: 1. Whether the wires at home are aging or damaged. 2. Whether the electrical circuit is overloaded. 3. Whether the plugs and sockets on the wires are firm. 4. Is the safety wire used at home replaced with copper wire or iron wire? 5. Whether to use household appliances correctly according to the instructions.
Fans: 6. Do household appliances still work in spite of their faults? 7. Lighting lamps are too close to flammable materials. 8. Stairs, walkways and balconies are used to store flammable and combustible items. 9. Is there any inflammable and explosive articles such as gasoline, alcohol and banana oil with a weight of more than 0.5 kg stored at home? When using gasoline and banana oil, whether it is far away from open flames and well ventilated. 10, whether to engage in the production, processing and business activities of inflammable and explosive articles at home.
Li: 1 1. Whether flammable items are far away from stoves and gas stoves. 12, whether the ashes are completely extinguished before dumping. 13, whether flammable liquids such as gasoline are used to help the fire. 14, whether the fire and gas stove are used in the same room. 15, whether the gas pipeline is firmly installed and whether the hose is aging. Whether the gas pipeline and valve are leaking. Whether the gas stove is well ventilated.
Vermicelli: 16. Are lit candles and mosquito-repellent incense placed on special iron shelves, close to curtains, mosquito nets and other flammable items? 17. Do you often clean up waste paper, books and newspapers at home? 18, matches, lighters and other items are placed in places where children are not easy to get. 19, whether to unplug the power switch, put out the open flame such as incense sticks, and turn off the gas source switch of the gas stove before going to bed or leaving the residence every day. 20, whether the home is equipped with simple fire fighting equipment. Whether a fire escape plan has been made.
Li: I heard, classmates, how many fire safety hazards exist in your home? Remember to remind mom and dad to rectify in time to ensure fire safety.
Fan: Besides checking some facilities at home, we have also prepared some preventive measures for the students: 1. Students should advise parents not to smoke as much as possible, especially not to smoke in bed after drinking and before going to bed; 2. Turn off the power switch and the main valve of gas and liquefied gas before going out and going to bed; 3. If you use high-power household appliances and microwave ovens, electric heaters, air conditioners, electric irons, etc. Stagger the time at home to prevent the wires from being overloaded; 4. Don't play with fire and stay away from electrical equipment; 5. Fireworks and firecrackers should be set off in the specified area during holidays; 6, electric shower, electric mattress, etc. Be extra careful when using it, and it is best to install a leakage protector; 7, the use of electric irons, electric cups, hair dryers and other electrical appliances must be cut off before leaving; 8. Don't use high-power light bulbs to warm or bake clothes; 9. Never use matches, candles and other open flames or turn on electric lights, exhaust and other electrical appliances to find gas leaks. If you smell gas or liquefied gas at night, first open the doors and windows for ventilation, and then turn on the light for inspection after the smell is less; 10, don't stick lit mosquito-repellent incense on the edge of the bed and curtains in summer.
Li: Today's broadcast also wants to remind students to be careful when using open flames at home. Because the use of naked flame is very common in our family, such as smoking, lighting, mosquito repellent, heating, lighting candles and so on. Careless use of fire can easily lead to fire. Students must be careful and think about whether they and their parents pay attention to fire safety when using open flames at home. First of all, the lamps and lanterns of electric lighting should keep a safe distance from combustible materials, and the lamps and lanterns should not be wrapped in paper or cloth. Secondly, open flame lighting should not be close to flammable materials, and it is best to put it on a special iron bracket; Third, lit candles cannot be placed directly on flammable materials such as plastic, wood and paper; Fourth, don't look for things under the bed, in the cupboard or in other narrow places with candles and oil lamps. Uncle huo warned us: when using open flame lighting, we must ensure that people are guarded and go out.
Fan: If we are really unlucky to have a fire, please don't panic. Today, I found some family emergency rescue measures for everyone. Students should listen carefully. 1. If you find a fire, call the police immediately? 1 19? , and find out the location, location and fire; 2. Once the fire changes from smoldering to burning, quickly cover the flame with blankets, quilts, etc. Then water it. 3, with washbasin, bucket constantly watering fire; 4, lighter and smaller items on fire, as soon as possible to move it to the outdoor fire; 5, when cooking, the oil pan is on fire, cover the lid and leave the stove directly; 6. When household appliances catch fire, cut off the power supply first, and try to wet blankets and quilts with water to suffocate and extinguish the fire; 7. The fire of washing machine is the most common household appliance fire. The washing machine should not only be placed in a place with good ventilation and heat dissipation, but also carefully check the wear and aging of the power cord; 8. When the TV is on fire, people should stand behind the TV to prevent the CRT from bursting and hurting people; 9, gas, liquefied gas stove is on fire, first close the valve, and then cover it with soaked clothes nearby, and then water it; 10, fire doors and windows should be opened slowly to prevent wind and help fire; 1 1. When putting out the fire, evacuate the liquefied gas tank to a safe place in time if possible; 12. Those who put out the fire by themselves should also report to the public security fire department in order to find out the reasons and learn lessons.
Li: For students, if there is a fire around you, Uncle Huo suggested that the first thing we should do is to escape from the fire quickly and call someone nearby or call the police. Fast escape in emergency is also an important disaster reduction policy: 1, and several different escape routes should be considered at ordinary times; 2, can't drill into the attic, under the bed, big cabinet in case of fire; 3. When the fire is not big, put on wet clothes and rush out; 4. Don't cling to your possessions. Get out of the scene. If you have successfully escaped, don't run back to get something to find someone. 5. Hide in the smoke and lower your body. It is best to cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and lean over to walk or crawl to the safety exit. Don't take a fire to a smoky place, don't take the elevator, and take the safe passage. 6. If there is a fire, don't run around and roll around to put out the fire; 7. When life is threatened, residents upstairs should not jump off the building blindly. Ropes or sheets can be torn into strips and connected, and tightly tied to the door and window frames to slide down. 8. If the road to escape is blocked by the fire, return indoors in the case of helplessness. It is best to close the doors and windows in the bathroom and water them constantly; 9. Make full use of balconies and skylights. For self-help; 10. When residents living in high-rise buildings are surrounded by fire, they should throw small items such as sofa cushions and pillows outdoors as soon as possible, and use flashlights to send out distress signals at night.
Fan: After listening to the above fire fighting knowledge, I want to take an examination of Li. If there are guests at home and mom is cooking, the oil pan suddenly catches fire. Ask my mother what to do.
Li: Can I splash it with water?
Fan: Never. If the oil pan catches fire and spills water, the oil will spill out and the fire will intensify.
Li: Can you cover it with a pot cover?
Fan: Yes, if you find that the oil pan is on fire, you should quickly cover the pan and close the gas valve.
Li: Can you cover the flame with a wet cloth?
Fan: If the fire is not big, you can also cover the flame with a wet cloth to put it out.
Li: Can you pour the cut vegetables into the pot?
Fan: You can put the cut vegetables in the pot to cool and turn off the fire. You can also put sand and rice into the pot to put out the fire.
Li: I didn't expect this little question to contain so much fire knowledge.
Fan: Students, in order to effectively reduce fire hazards and protect our physical and mental health, we must learn more basic knowledge of fire prevention and fire fighting and self-rescue skills in fires, and at the same time publicize these knowledge to people around us, so that fire prevention knowledge can enter thousands of households and people can live a safe and happy life.
Li: Teacher Fan and I told you so much about fire protection today. Do you remember?
Fan: Thank you, Li. Today's broadcast is over. Thank you for listening!
Do you realize that disaster will come at any time when you are chasing and laughing, riding on the road or crossing the road at will? Next, I will tell you some tragedies that happened to primary and middle school students in Xingan County, because they didn't obey the traffic rules.
① 19 in may, driving without a license, a student aged 0/5 from a middle school in Chen Jie, boarded a two-wheeled motorcycle with three partners. As a result, they collided with Chen Mou walking in the same direction on the road, resulting in the death of Chen Mou, the driver Chen Jie, and three partners on the motorcycle were seriously injured. Two people were killed and three injured in the accident.
② A more tragic accident happened at the corner of a town in June 65438+1October 65438+July this year. 19-year-old brother went to school, and then 15-year-old brother went home. They rode their motorcycles all the way quickly. When they came to the corner, they passed an agricultural vehicle in violation of regulations. Unexpectedly, a van just came across the street. As a result, the two brothers' motorcycles hit the minivan head-on, causing the two brothers to die on the spot.
On August 30 this year, Fu Mou, a sixth-grade student of a primary school, crossed the road without carefully looking at the passing vehicles on the road. As a result, he was hit by a family car and died after being rescued.
We always cross the road by bike or on foot, but when crossing the road, we must watch the cars coming and going to ensure safety before crossing the road. Where there are crosswalks, overpasses or underpasses, we must take crosswalks or crossing facilities. Never cross at will, because you are fighting for time and speed.
Now I'll teach you three skills: walking for a while, riding a bike for a while, and riding a car for three times (these three? what's up It means to protect your personal safety)
1. Take the sidewalk or roadside when walking. When crossing the road, look left and right, stop at the red light, go at the green light, don't run around, don't cross at will, don't chase and fight on the road, don't climb the railing, obey the rules and protect your life.
2. When taking the bus, wait for the bus to stop, get off first and then get on; Don't stick any part of your body out of the window when you are in the car, and don't throw anything outside the car.
3. Don't take overloaded vehicles, such as motorcycles and crutches. Don't take agricultural vehicles, especially mixed trucks.
4./kloc-don't ride a bike under 0/2 years old. Drive on the right when riding a bike. Don't drive too fast, and don't take your hands away. Don't go backwards. Don't ride a hero car. You can't carry people in the back seat of a bicycle, so reach out when turning.
When you meet an emergency on the road, you should ask an adult for help immediately.
6. In case of traffic accident, call 122 or 1 10 to call the police. If your partner is hit by a car, you should write down the license plate number, body color or other characteristics of the car that hit you.
I compiled some basic knowledge of cycling into a little ballad:
Take the sidewalk and don't fight and make trouble on the road.
Don't ride fast, don't grab the road, and remember to drive on the right.
Turn slowly, look carefully, don't be impatient and don't turn sharply.
Obey rules and habits, be healthy, safe and happy.
Students, a good life begins with safety. Only by ensuring health and safety can we create a bright future. Everyone must cultivate civilized traffic awareness and form a good habit of consciously observing traffic laws and regulations. As long as we always keep traffic safety in mind and put it into action, I believe we can stay away from traffic accidents.
Finally, I wish you good health, progress in your studies and a safe life!
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