The house is in a human environment, without the noise of carriages and horses.
When I ask you how you can do it, your mind is far away and you are biased.
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see Nanshan Mountain.
The mountain air is getting better day by day, and the birds are flying back and forth.
There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.
Analysis
Tao Yuanming (365-427) was a native of Chaisang, Xunyang. Tao's poems use his writing style to dilute the distant past and write about pastoral life and the scenery in the ruins, opening up a new realm for poetry.
There are twenty-two poems in the "Drinking" group, and this is the third one. There is a small preface at the beginning, indicating that they are all works written by Drunken. They were not written in one moment and have no internal connection. They were written in an independent way. This song mainly expresses the taste of seclusion life. After working and getting drunk, under the glow of the sunset and shrouded in the mist of the mountains, picking chrysanthemums on the east fence and looking at the Nanshan Mountain in the distance. The sentiment at this time is so profound and eternal! A major feature of Tao's poetry is its simplicity, in which feelings and emotions are integrated and inseparable. He often uses words such as "forgetting" and "forgetting" to block the exploration and revelation of the laws of emotion and reason. This may be a manifestation of poetry's return to nature.
Early spring
Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty
The light rain on Tianjie is as moist as crisp, and the color of grass looks far away but not up close.
The best thing about spring is that it is better than the smoke and willows all over the imperial capital.
Note: Except for Zhang Shiba: refers to Zhang Ji. Zhang was a member of the Ministry of Water Resources and was ranked eighteenth. Tianjie: Street in Beijing. Moisturizing like butter: Describing the moistening like cream of early spring drizzle. "The most" two sentences: The advantage of Yan Chun is at this time, which is definitely better than when Yanliu is in its heyday. The imperial capital, the capital.
I realized the different scenes of early spring and mid-spring. More importantly, to appreciate and understand spring, you don't have to wait until "smoke and willows fill the emperor's capital". You must be good at sensing it, understanding it and grasping it when "the grass is distant but not close". It is said that the "color of grass" in early spring can be "seen from a distance" but difficult to see from a short distance, which contains the universal laws of many things in the world. Some things seem to exist hazily, but once you really look at the details, you can't explain them clearly. Is it something or nothing? It all depends on the viewer’s vision and knowledge. Looking at the social situation, this is not the case.
Qijue·Early Spring Text / Looking for Traces on Stone Steps
The golden flowers are bright and lush,
Singing through the white mist of spring.
I picked up the green curtain and looked up,
"Watching the Hunt"
Wang Wei
The strong wind and the sound of horns and bows made the general hunt Weicheng.
The grass is dry and the eagle's eyes are sick, and the snow is gone and the horse's hooves are light.
Suddenly passed by Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliu Camp.
Looking back at the place where the eagle was shot, the clouds were flat at dusk for thousands of miles.
Translation:
The arrow on the horn bow was shot out, and the strings sounded and the strong wind roared together! The general's hunting horse was galloping in the sunny suburbs of Weicheng.
The withered weeds cannot hide the sharp and agile eyes of the eagle, the snow has melted, and the galloping horse's hooves are more like the wind chasing the leaves.
In the blink of an eye, the hunting cavalry passed through Xinfeng City. When they were stationed, the Xiliu Camp had already arrived.
Looking back, the place where the big eagle was shot down was a vast expanse of land, and the dusk clouds shrouded the wilderness in silence.
Horn Bow: a hard bow decorated with animal horns Weicheng: Xianyang in ancient times
Xinfeng City: the former site is in the northeast of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province Xiliuying: in Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province
Mu Yunping: The evening clouds are connected with the earth
Looking at the whole poem, half of it is about hunting and half is about returning from hunting. The air flow of the joint flows freely, and it has an momentum that cannot be restrained by rhythm. It can also circle around the belt from beginning to end, integrating the five laws. This is the beauty of the composition. The names of three places are hidden in the poem so that people are not aware of it, the allusions are blurred without trace, and the description of the scenery can convey emotions. In three or four sentences, it is both physical and emotional. This is a wonderful syntax. "Withered", "finished", "disease", "light", "suddenly passed", "returned", the wording and wording are accurately tempered, and Xian can take care of them. This is the beauty of calligraphy. All these techniques are wonderfully able to express the vivid mood and heroic feelings of the people in the poem. Therefore, this poem is fully worthy of being praised as a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty.
The whole poem expresses the heroic spirit of the general when hunting
Like a Dream Ling Li Qingzhao
Era: Song Dynasty
Biography of the author:
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Li Qingzhao (1084-1155?), a layman named Yi An, was born in Zhangqiu County, Jinan. His father, Li Gefei, was a well-known scribe and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Husband Zhao Mingcheng, son of Prime Minister Zhao Ting, Jinshi family. She is an outstanding female poet in ancient China. He is the author of seventeen volumes of "Collection of Li Yian" and one volume of "Shu Yu Ci" (five volumes in separate editions), which are not passed down. Today there are "Annotations to the Collection of Li Qingzhao", "Reediting of the Collection of Li Qingzhao", etc.
Content:
I often remember that the sun is setting in Xiting ①, and I am so drunk that I don’t know my way back ②.
After having fun, I returned to the boat late and strayed into the depths of borrowed flowers.
Fighting for the crossing, fighting for the crossing ③, startled a group of gulls and herons.
Notes:
①Xiting: a pavilion near the water.
②Shen: Same as "Shen".
③Zheng: Same as "how".
Translation
I often remember going out to Xiting and playing until dusk.
I was so intoxicated that I forgot my way back. I played until I was exhausted and returned to the boat.
But I lost my way and entered the depths of the lotus root.
Everyone was vying to row, and the boats were rushing to cross, startling the gulls and herons all over the beach.
Appreciation:
This is a poem recalling the past. The few words seem to come out casually, but they are as precious as gold, and each sentence contains profound meaning. The first two sentences describe the feeling of intoxication and excitement. Then he wrote that he returned home after "exhausted his excitement" and "stumbled into" the depths of the lotus pond. It was a world of another, which made people linger even more. The last sentence, pure and innocent, is full of words but not full of meaning.
The two sentences of "Chang Ji" are plain, natural and harmonious, which naturally leads readers to the realm of words created by her. "Changji" clearly stated that the location was "Xiting" and the time was "Sunset". After the banquet, the author was so drunk that he could not even identify the path back. The word "intoxicated" reveals the joy in the author's heart, and "no way back" also conveys the author's lingering feelings. It seems that this was a very pleasant trip that left a deep impression on the author. Sure enough, the following two sentences of "the excitement is over" take this kind of interest to a higher level. Only when the excitement is over can we return to the boat. So, what about the excitement before it is over? It just shows that you are very interested and don't want to return to the boat. The sentence "Wandering in by mistake" is written smoothly and naturally without any trace of intrusion. It echoes the previous sentence "I don't know the way back" and shows the protagonist's forgetful mentality.
There is a small boat among the blooming lotus flowers. On the boat are young talented girls who have not finished their fun. Such a beautiful scenery suddenly jumps up and is ready to be seen.
The two "fights" in a row express the protagonist's anxiety to find a way out of the lost state. It was precisely because of the "fight to cross" that another "shoal of gulls and herons arose", scaring away all the waterfowl perched on Zhouzhu. At this point, the words stop abruptly, and the words are exhausted but the meaning is not exhausted, which is thought-provoking.
This poem uses concise words, only selects a few fragments, blends the moving scenery with the author's happy mood, and writes about the good mood of the author's youth, which makes people unable to help but I want to go boating with her among the lotuses and get so drunk that I never return. As the saying goes, "Youthful feelings come naturally." This poem is not refined and full of natural beauty.
Rumeng Ling Qin Guan
Era: Song Dynasty
Author's Biography:
Qin Guan (1049-1100), named Shaoyou, Taixu, also known as Huaihai Jushi, was born in Gaoyou, Yangzhou (now Jiangsu). He once served as secretary of the provincial government and concurrently as editor of the Academy of National History. Because he was politically inclined to the old party, he was regarded as a member of the Yuanyou Party. After Shaosheng, he was repeatedly demoted. His literary works were appreciated by Su Shi, and he was one of the "Four Scholars of the Su School". Work poetry. Most of the poems describe the love between men and women, and some are also sentimental about life experiences. The style is euphemistic and subtle, elegant and light. The style of poetry is similar to that of Ci. There are "Huaihai Collection" and "Huaihai Jushi Long and Short Sentences".
Content:
The moon is as bright as water in the distant night, and the wind is tight and the post pavilion is closed deep.
The dream breaks and the mouse peeks into the lamp, and the frost sends dawn and cold invades the quilt.
No sleep! No sleep! Horses neighed and people started neighing outside the door.
Appreciation:
This word was written by the author on the way when he was demoted to Chenyang in the third year of Shaosheng (1096). The poem depicts the scene of the demotion during the journey through the description of staying in a post house at night, expressing the author's desolate and lonely mood during the journey and his tiredness from official travels.
The first sentence indicates that the time is night, and "Yaoye" refers to the long night, which conveys the feeling of a long and endless night. The overlapping word "deep" immediately following it further intensifies the feeling of a long night. A particularly wonderful metaphor of "like water". The word "dream broken" reveals a lot of troubled emotions. A good dream on a cold night, which further reflects the desolation of the atmosphere. The repetition of "no sleep, no sleep" creates an exclamatory tone, and combined with scenes such as "wind tight", "rat peeking into the lamp", "frost sends dawn cold", etc., you can experience infinite sentimentality.
This word does not directly describe the state of mind, but describes what I saw, heard, and felt during a sleepless night. The lyrics describe the long dark night, the strong wind in the post pavilion, the hungry rats peeking into the lamps, the dawn cold invading the quilt, the noisy voices, and the neighing of the post horses, which truly reflects the plight and sadness of being exiled and traveling in captivity.
Ru Meng Ling (Li Cunxu)
Once there was a feast in the deep cave of Taoyuan, a song of dancing luan and singing of phoenix①.
When I remember my farewell, I went out with tears to see each other off.
Like a dream, like a dream, the waning moon is filled with falling flowers and smoke.
About the author
Li Cunxu, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, whose original surname was Zhuye, was given the surname Li by his ancestors from the Shatuo tribe. The eldest son of Emperor Wu Li Keyong. God bless
In five years, he succeeded to the throne. He later became the emperor and succeeded the Tang Dynasty. After destroying Liang, the capital was Luoyang. During his four years in office, there were wars and chaos, and the middle-class people were exiled and killed.
"Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties": When Zhuang Zong was a prince, he was good at music and could compose his own lyrics. After that, whenever soldiers were employed, they would be taught the lyrics written by him, and asked to raise their voices and sing, which was called imperial control.
Notes
① A song of dancing luan and singing of phoenix: The first work is "A song of pure singing and dancing of phoenix". Luanfeng: Luan bird and phoenix are auspicious and beautiful birds in ancient legends.
Commentary
The joy of "Dancing Luan and Singing Phoenix" at that banquet and the scene of "sending tears to each other" when bidding farewell to "Yi" are still before our eyes.
Looking back, it was really "like a dream".
The "waning moon and falling flowers" in front of us aroused the longing for lovesickness after farewell; the smoky moonlight gave the whole poem a hazy and lonely atmosphere
. This little poem is lyrically delicate, graceful and colorful, with beautiful words and an even more beautiful artistic conception.
Li Qingzhao - Like Meng Ling - Last night the rain dispersed the wind and the wind blew violently
Last night the rain dispersed the wind and the wind blew violently, and the remaining wine was not consumed by the heavy sleep. When I asked the person behind the curtain, I found that Begonia was still the same. Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, red and thin.
Appreciation 1
This little poem has characters, scenes, and dialogues, which fully demonstrates the expressive power of Song poetry and the talent of the poet.
"The rain last night was light and the wind was violent" refers to the rain and wind last night. Shu, literally means sparse and sparse, rather than the usual meaning of sparse. It was spring, and the famous flowers were in bloom, but then the wind and rain came to force me. I was in such a state of mind that I couldn't fall asleep, so I had to drink to relieve my sorrow. I drank too much and slept too much. As a result, when I woke up, it was already broad daylight. But the mood of last night was already in my chest, so as soon as I got up, I wanted to ask about the things that were hanging in my mind. So she hurriedly asked the maid who was cleaning the house and opening the curtains: How is the Begonia flower? The maid looked at it and replied with a smile: "It's not bad. After a night of wind and rain, the crabapples haven't changed at all!" After hearing this, the hostess sighed angrily, "Silly girl, do you know that the crabapple bushes are already very red? Have you seen too many green ones?"
This dialogue expresses the complex expression and tone of the woman who is sad about spring, which is beyond the reach of poetry and painting. It can be described as "a vivid pen.
The author uses "heavy sleep" and "remaining wine" as a bridge to describe the time changes and psychological evolution from night to morning, and then a "rolling curtain" breaks the dawn of dawn, which is clever and appropriate. The person behind the questionnaire did not say a word about what was asked, but only revealed the answer in his answer.
It is really a wonderful craftsmanship, leaving no trace. The poet is happy for the flowers, sad for the flowers, and happy for the flowers. Being drunk and angry because of flowers is actually a sign of cherishing the spring. Using flowers as a metaphor, he laments the perishability of his youth.
Appreciation 2
Although Li Qingzhao is not a prolific writer. There are only forty or fifty of his poems that have been handed down to this day, but "none of them are unworkable" and "he is one of the great poets". This poem "Ru Meng Ling" is the immortal name that is "known all over the world". The poem's description of asking about flowers after waking up from a drunken night expresses the poet's feelings of cherishing flowers and cherishing spring. The language is fresh and the meaning of the words is meaningful.
The first two words are endlessly interesting. How to understand the sentence is quite controversial. Gai uses logic: since it is "a heavy sleep will not eliminate the remaining wine", how can we know that "the rain last night was strong and the wind was strong"? Isn't this contradictory to these two sentences? It cannot be understood by using simple things in life, because the poet's original intention is not to express this, but to express the infinite feeling of cherishing flowers through these two sentences. Most of the poems about cherishing flowers talk about wind and rain. "First" poem: "In the Ming Dynasty, the wind blows and the flowers should be gone, but at night, I cherish the faded red and watch the fire." "Feng Yansi's "Long Acacia" lyrics: "The branches are full of red, and the branches are full of green. I am tired of the late rain and getting up late. "Zhou Bangyan's "Youth Travel" lyrics: "One night the east wind blew, the begonia flowers faded, and I rolled up the blinds upstairs to watch. "Flowers fall away in the wind and rain. This meaning is easy to understand. However, "A deep sleep does not consume the remaining wine" is also about cherishing flowers, so I am afraid it is not easy to understand. But as long as you read more about cherishing flowers written by predecessors It is not difficult to understand the poem "Three Quatrains" by Du Fu: "It is better to be drunk when the wind blows away, but to endure the rain when you wake up." "The poem "Cherishing Flowers" written by Bao Zhengjun (Wen Ji) recorded in the second volume of Wei Zhuang's "Youxuan Collection": "There are flowers on the branches and people under the flowers. They are pitiful and youthful in color." Yesterday I saw the flowers blooming, today I see the flowers about to fall. It is better to drink from all these flowers and wait for the spring breeze to blow away. "These verses can be used as a footnote to "A heavy sleep will not eliminate the remaining wine." Yi An said in his poem "Jade House Spring" about red plum blossoms: "The red plum blossoms are willing to be broken into pieces, and the southern branches are blooming all over. . ... Come and take a break if you want to have a drink, it may not be possible tomorrow morning. ” can also be regarded as a self-explanation of the sentence “deep sleep”. Although the wording of this sentence only refers to drinking too much last night and the hangover has not disappeared the next morning, there is another hidden meaning behind this wording. One meaning is that she was drunk last night because she cherished the flowers. The poetess couldn't bear to see the begonia flowers fade in the Ming Dynasty, so she drank too much wine under the begonia flowers last night and is still drunk today. "Ci" has written about drinking in many places, which shows that layman Yi An is good at drinking. Even if he is drunk and falls into a deep sleep, after a night of heavy sleep, the alcohol is not completely gone. This is not an ordinary overdose. When asked why the poet wrote the phrase "a heavy sleep will not eliminate the remaining wine", the answer can only be "cherishing the flowers". As far as the intention of this phrase is concerned, it is the same as the poems quoted by Du Fu and Bao Wenji. There is no difference. But Yi An's greatness lies in not following the stereotypes and finding his own way. Once you understand the meaning of "cherishing flowers" behind "a deep sleep does not consume the remaining wine", you will also understand the following sentences. It just "falls into place"
The next three and four sentences are an inevitable reflection of the mentality of cherishing flowers. The thing was the crabapple in the garden. The poet knew that the crabapple couldn't bear the damage caused by the sudden wind and rain all night. The window must be red and messy, with fallen flowers everywhere, but he couldn't bear to see it in person, so he tried to ask the maid who was rolling up the curtain. . The word "try" expresses the poet's ambivalence about being concerned about flowers but afraid of hearing about the flowers falling, and not being able to bear to see the flowers falling but wanting to know the truth. In contrast, Zhou. Bang Yan's "Youth Travel": "One night the east wind blew, the begonia flowers faded, and I rolled up the blinds upstairs to watch. "It seems vulgar and tastes the same as chewing wax. What is the result of "May I ask"? -" But Dao Begonia remains the same. "The maid's answer surprised the poet. I originally thought that after a night of wind and rain, the crabapple flowers must have withered badly, but after the maid rolled up the curtains and looked outside, she replied casually: The crabapple flowers are still the same. The word "but" not only shows that the maid is unaware of the hostess's grievances and is indifferent to the changes happening outside the window, but also shows that the poet was puzzled after hearing the answer.
Yes, after the "rain and wind", how can "Begonia" remain "the same"? This leads very naturally to the last two sentences.
"Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, fat, red and thin." This is a retort to the maid, but also seems to be talking to oneself: This careless girl, do you know, the crabapple in the garden It should be that there are lush green leaves and few red flowers! "It should be" shows the poet's speculation and judgment about the scene outside the window, and his tone is very appropriate. After all, she hasn't witnessed it with her own eyes, so she has to leave some room for it when she speaks. At the same time, this word also implies the meaning of "must be" and "has to be". Although the begonia is good, it cannot bloom forever despite the merciless wind and rain. One sentence contains endless helpless feelings of cherishing flowers. It can be said that the words are simple but the meaning is profound. Naturally, this level of affection for cherishing flowers is something that the "curtain-roller" cannot understand and does not need to pay more attention to. After all, she cannot be as emotionally delicate as her mistress and have a deeper understanding of nature and life. This may be why she gave the above answer. The phrase "green, fat, red and thin" at the end is the most exquisite part of the whole poem and has always been praised by the world. "Green" replaces leaves, and "red" replaces flowers, which is the contrast between the two colors; "fat" describes the leaves after the rain that are lush and enlarged due to sufficient water, and "thin" describes the flowers after the rain that wither and become sparse because they cannot bear the rain. , is a comparison of the two states. The originally ordinary four characters, but the poet's combination of them, turned out to be so colorful and vivid. This is really a creation in the use of language. From these four words, doesn't "red thin" mean the gradual passing of spring, and "green fat" symbolize the coming of the leafy summer? This kind of extremely general language is really breathtaking. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" said: "This sentence is very new." "Cottage Poetry Yu Bielu" commented: "The conclusion is particularly tortuous and sophisticated, with infinite meaning." It seems that these are not unfounded reputations.
This little poem has only six short sentences and thirty-three words, but it is written in a tortuous and euphemistic way and is extremely layered. The poet drinks heavily because he cherishes the flowers, knows that the flowers have faded but still takes a chance and "questions", and asks again because he does not believe the answer of the "curtain roller". With such twists and turns, step by step, he will cherish the flowers. The emotion is expressed in various ways. "Selected Poems of Polygonum Garden" says: "There are countless twists and turns hidden in the short page, and he is certainly a sage than a poet." It can be said to be an excellent comment.
Ru Meng Ling (Qin Guan)
The setting sun outside the building is full of red.
The wicker branches are almost half in spring.
Peaches and plums can't help but the wind,
Looking back, the fallen heroes are infinite.
Broken intestines. heartbroken.
Human and Chu are both far away from each other.
Ru Meng Ling (Qin Guan)
Where does spring return to on the pond?
Falling flowers and catkins everywhere.
The lonely pavilion is deserted,
The dream breaks through the moon embankment and returns.
No thread. No emotion.
It’s raining outside the curtain at midnight.
Ru Meng Ling (Li Zhiyi)
Looking back at the old garden of Wucheng.
It is still green, deep red and light.
There is not much spring left,
The slanting sun is full of flying swallows.
Gone. not see.
The courtyard with fallen flowers behind the door
About to enter the wine
Li Bai
If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River will come up from the sky and rush to the sea never to return. .
Don’t you see, the bright mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and it looks like blue silk in the morning and turns to snow in the evening.
If you are proud of life, you must have all the fun, and don’t let the golden bottle stand empty against the moon.
I am born with talents that will be useful, and I will come back after spending all my money.
It is fun to cook sheep and slaughter cattle, and you will have to drink three hundred cups at a time.
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, is about to drink wine, but don’t stop drinking.
A song with you, please listen to me.
The bells, drums, delicacies and jade are not expensive, but I hope I will stay drunk and not wake up.
Since ancient times, all the sages and sages were lonely, but only the drinkers left their names.
In the old days, King Chen used to have banquets, fights and banquets.
What does the master mean when you have less money? It is up to you to sell it.
Five-flowered horse, golden fur.
Hu'er will exchange for fine wine, and we will sell the eternal sorrow with you.
Note to King Chen: Cao Zhi, Cao Cao’s third son.
A brief analysis of "Jinjinjiu" belongs to the old title of Han Dynasty Yuefu's "Drumming Songs and Cymbals Songs", and the content is mostly about banquets and entertainment. The poem expresses the sigh of not being able to appreciate talents, and it also contains optimistic and accessible feelings. It also reveals the negative emotions of carpe diem in life. But the whole poem is filled with pride and joy, and has achieved outstanding artistic achievements.
Era: Song Dynasty
Author: Yue Fei
Work: Manjianghong
Content:
Full of anger, leaning on the railing The rain breaks.
Looking up, looking up to the sky and roaring, with strong feelings.
Thirty years of fame and dust,
Eight thousand miles of clouds and moon.
Don’t wait for your young man’s head to turn gray, feeling empty and sad.
Jingkang’s shame has not yet been resolved;
When will the hatred of the ministers be eliminated?
Driving a long car through the gap in Helan Mountain.
The ambition is to eat the meat of the Huns when they are hungry, and to laugh and talk about drinking the blood of the Huns when they are thirsty.
Waiting to clean up the old mountains and rivers from scratch, facing the sky