The vividness (image-building), implication (meaning), conciseness (few words, rich meaning), jumping (rhythm and imagination) and overall style of classical poetry language often become the points of college entrance examination. From the perspective of word refining, grasp the expression function of keywords and experience the "meaning" refined by poets. When appreciating poetry, we should pay special attention to verbs and adjectives as predicates.
Example: Wang Wei passed Ji Xiang Temple (National College Entrance Examination in 2003 17).
Not knowing the way to the Temple of Heaped Fragrance Road, with mountains and clouds thousands of miles down, is deserted by the ancient forest, so I can hear the bells ringing high today.
A stream sings on the winding rocks, the sun is reconciled by green pine trees, and at dusk, near an empty pond, thoughts can conquer the passionate dragon.
Note: An Chan, a Buddhist term, refers to sitting quietly with eyes closed, without distractions; Dragon: refers to secular desires.
Answers and ideas: poetic eyes are "swallowing" and "cold" respectively (the first level: clearly answer the first question). The flowing spring in the mountain is blocked by rocks, which sounds like a sob. The moonlight shining on the pine tree seems to be cold because of the darkness of the forest.
Angle 2: From the perspective of capturing images-
What is an image? Wu Qiao, a poet in A Qing, said: "Poetry is mostly from the side." ("Talking about Poetry Around the Furnace") Poetry creation is very subtle and concise. Poet's lyricism is often not a direct expression of emotion, nor a direct indoctrination of thoughts, but an expression of one's intention in this respect. When writing about scenery, they use scenery to express their feelings, while chanting things is to express their feelings. The "scenery" written here and the "things" sung here are all objective. The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are both subjective "intentions"; The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "image", which is not only a portrayal of real life, but also the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of emotional thoughts, and the basic unit of expressing emotions and wishes in poetry.
There are two kinds of poems: one is to win with simple images and rich connotations; The other kind of image is rich and complex, which is dazzling at first glance, but it is not difficult to grasp its clear emotional context after careful chewing.
Example 1: Yan's partridge (college entrance examination questions in Guangxi and Hainan provinces in 2004)
Shili terraces lean against the green, and cuckoos crow in the depths of a hundred flowers. They are very diligent and talk to pedestrians, unlike a lost bird flying for the second time. When it clears up, the sound might as well go home. Did you not return to the horizon? Why can't I predict the return date?
A: "Du Fu" is a common image in classical poetry. Its cry "It is better to go home" expresses feelings of sadness, desolation or homesickness. The poet expresses the theme of homesickness by describing the cuckoo's cry. The last two sentences are: I don't want to go home, but I can't decide the date. It expresses the feeling that the author can't control his own life, and it is difficult for me to go home from wandering around the world.
Example 2: Wei, in Xixi Chuzhou.
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and no one crossed the boat in the wild.
Answer analysis: Poets express rich and complex feelings, such as touching the scenery with words (misty rain, waning moon, river water and a cloud), or feeling with time (enjoying the moon in Mid-Autumn Festival, climbing the Double Ninth Mountain, hurting spring and homesickness at dusk), or expressing feelings with things (moon, geese, flute and willow). Appreciation of this kind of problems must be based on understanding the meaning of poetic images and grasping the images and authors.
A: The images described in the last two sentences are: spring tide, rain, wild crossing and boat crossing; The combination of these angles creates a lonely and leisurely artistic conception and expresses the author's quiet mood.
Angle 3: From the perspective of expression-
Poetry mainly uses narrative, discussion, description and lyricism, among which description and lyricism are the focus of examination. Description methods include front description and side description (setting off, rendering, dynamic and static combination, point and surface combination); There are two kinds of direct lyricism (express one's mind directly) and indirect lyricism (borrow scenery to express one's feelings or melt them into the scenery).
Example: Jiangchengzi Su Shi
Ten years of life and death are endless. I don't think about it, but I will never forget it. There is nowhere to talk about a lonely grave. Even if we meet, we should not know. Our faces are covered with dust and our temples are frosty. At night, we suddenly dreamed of going home. The window of Xiao Xuan is being renovated. We care about each other silently, but there are only a thousand tears. It is expected that there will be a broken heart every year, a bright moon and a short Songshan Mountain.
Partridge and sky congratulate Zhu.
Overcoming the door is wrong. What's the difference? Wutong was half dead, and after first frost, Bai Yuanyang lost her partner. The grass is on the grass, and the dew is on the grass. Lying in an empty bed listening to the rain from the south window, who will mend the clothes at night!