1. Understand the background of poetry creation and the author's thoughts and feelings.
2. Grasp the scenery and feelings of poetry and feel the artistic conception of poetry.
Teaching process:
Introduce new courses:
Review of knowledge related to classical poetry
Classical poetry: ancient poetry, Yuefu poetry.
Classical poetry
Quatrains (four sentences)
Modern poetry (metrical poetry)
The first couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet of metrical poems (eight sentences)
Rhyme was formed in the Tang Dynasty and divided into five-character rhyme and seven-character rhyme. It is much stricter in meter than classical poetry.
First of all, from the phonological point of view, the first sentence of a metrical poem may or may not rhyme. Even the sentences (two, four, six and eight) rhyme.
Secondly, from the perspective of antithesis, the first couplet and the tail couplet can not be antithetical, but the parallel couplet and the neck couplet must be antithetical.
Autonomous learning
Look at the title of homesick (nostalgic) poems first.
Second, look at the author and writing background (knowing people and discussing the world)
Du Fu, in a beautiful word, is called Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu in the world. His life just happened to catch up with the Anshi Rebellion and tasted the hardships of life. This also made him form the thought of worrying about the country and the people, which was reflected in his works. It can be said that he wrote all his living conditions in his poems, so his poems have always been called? History of poetry? What's his name? Poet saint? . Today, we are going to learn a poem "Shuxiang" written by the author in Chengdu during the An Shi Rebellion.
Shuxiang was written in the spring of the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong. At the end of 759, Du Fu ended his wandering life in Tianshui, Gansu, and temporarily settled in a small house beside Huanhua River in Chengdu. Needless to say, the hardships of personal life, like politics? To the monarch Yao Shun, and then make the customs chun? The ideal is completely shattered. ? An Shi rebellion? Already? Chaos? Five years later, the people painted charcoal, the countryside was deserted, and the Tang Dynasty was in jeopardy. Tang Suzong's style is mediocre. He is proud of eunuchs and rejects heroes. Under such circumstances, it is conceivable that Du Fu is full of anguish and anxiety. Zhuge Liang was a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. He formulated the strategy of unifying the world for Shu Han, and assisted Liu Bei and Liu Chan to establish and consolidate the Shu Han regime. The three kingdoms, torn apart, have always been bound by his greatness? . Him? Do your best to die? Of course, the spirit and his relationship with Liu Beijun made Du Fu, who had a bumpy career and no way to serve the country, ups and downs and burst into tears.
Third, read notes (understand poetry)
(A) analysis of the neck and tail, specifically grasp the feelings. (thoughts and feelings)
1. What poems can best express the poet's lamentation? Is it the first half or the second half?
Clear: Really? The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. ?
2. What did Zhuge Liang write in these four poems? (Homework after class)
Qing dynasty: three visits to the thatched cottage, seeking for the world, uniting Wu to resist Cao, taking Sichuan from the west, building and helping the latter, putting down the rebellion, praying for mountains in six places, cutting the Central Plains in nine places, failing to start an army and dying in Wuzhangyuan.
3. How to understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the two poems? (thoughts and feelings)
Clarity: thoughts and feelings of praise, respect and admiration.
Dial:? World plan? He wrote about Zhuge Liang's great talent. The open economy of the two dynasties? Write the brilliant achievements of Zhuge Liang. Old minister heart? Write Zhuge Liang's loyalty to serve the country.
Although Zhuge Liang was brilliant and made great achievements, he still didn't finish his career in the end, which can't help but make people sigh. At this point, the poet naturally wrote the following famous sentence:? But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats. ? What are the thoughts and feelings in this poem?
Qing: Deep, sighing and sentimental thoughts and feelings.
Hugging: This poem describes Zhuge Liang's spirit of devoting himself to death. This is the most touching thing in his life. Because? But before he conquered, he was dead? That's sad, just? Heroes have been crying on their coats ever since? .
(2), analysis of the first couplet, platoon couplet, experience the technique of scene blending. (expression technique)
1, here? Hero? What kind of hero do you mean? Is it a successful hero or a failed hero? Is it a hero who has achieved his career or a hero who has no ambition? (Homework after class)
Qing: It refers to the failed heroes, so this poem is written about the deep regret and feelings of all heroes who have not finished their careers in history. (Hundreds of years later, Zong Ze, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, fell ill because of state anxiety. He recited these two poems three times before he died? Cross the river? Passed away. This shows the success and charm of Du Fu's poem. )
Does the hero here include Du Fu himself?
Clear: Yes, this hero also includes Du Fu himself. Du Fu is a poet who cares about the country and the people, takes the world as his responsibility and is ambitious. Du Fu wanted to be a prime minister, but she was pregnant. For you, Yao Shun, and to make the customs more pure? Political ambition (making the emperor a wise monarch like Yao and Shun) has never had a chance. Lao Du has never achieved anything in politics, but even so, he is still worried about the country and the people, and his heart is very painful. This kind of pain is an eternal wound in Lao Du's heart. To this end, we can say,? But before he conquered, he died. Since then, heroes have been crying on their coats? This poem is pinned on yourself? To you, Yao Shun? The sadness that the ideal is rarely realized is the pain that Lao Du earned with his own hard work, his admiration and regret for Zhuge Liang, and a famous sentence forged through the ages.
3. Is this feeling shown in the first two poems? If so, where can you tell?
The teacher gave a nudge and made it very clear:
? Prime minister? Can you change it to? Shuxiang? Why? ) ? Prime minister? It can better reflect the poet's respect and admiration for Zhuge Liang.
? Looking for what? : specifically looking for it. Search? Wuhou Temple also shows the poet's reverence and admiration for Zhuge Liang.
? Bai sensen? Create a solemn atmosphere and express the poet's reverence for the book.
4. Try to understand the language and analyze it? Since? Empty? (Poetry Refinement)
? Since? Empty? The word "two" is most closely related to the realm. Three or four sentences? Yingjie Bicao? Interleaf oriole? It presents a school of spring scenery, but the author has a unique feeling about this spring: the temple is lonely, and only the poet is lonely and sad. These two sentences are full of affection and blend with each other, because? Since? Empty? Clever use of the word "two". The green grass in the courtyard set off the steps, and the orioles sang tactfully among the dense leaves, but no one appreciated it. Infinite spring scenery is pleasing to the eye. Since? Empty? These two words are intertextual, but they turn poetry upside down. The grass in front of the steps is green in spring, year after year, but for whom? Huang Peng among the leaves is so beautiful, but who will listen? Although the spring scenery is infinite, it has nothing to do with the poet, which naturally makes people feel the loneliness and sadness in the poet's heart. Although it is a scene, there is a feeling of missing people between the lines, which is called scene blending.
Faced with the infinite spring scenery of the Prime Minister's ancestral temple, the poet was greatly disappointed and deeply moved: although the ancestral temple was full of spring, times have changed and the sages have gone. Now it is gone, but there is no such talent as Zhuge Liang.
Cooperative investigation
1, the poem is entitled? Shuxiang? Instead of. Zhuge temple? What's the point?
The poet wrote this poem to remember, admire and admire Zhuge Liang. Write Wuhou Temple because? Gai people through the ages, don't be amiable; How many temples are there? What do you want? , can be written by the harem to Zhuge Liang. Writing about a shrine means writing about people, so it has a title? Shuxiang? .
2. The theme of scholarly poetry
Use Zhuge Liang's unsuccessful political achievements to lament his unfulfilled ambitions.
Extension extension
Nostalgia for ancient poetry: through hanging on historical sites, association and imagination are generated, which leads to feelings and expresses feelings and ambitions. For example, Du Fu's Shu Xiang, Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane, Stone Town, Li Bai's Ascending the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing, and Su Shi's Nian Nujiao? Nostalgia for the Red Cliff and Xin Qiji's Song of Eternal Sorrow? "Jingkou Pavilion Nostalgia", Zhang "High Goat? Tongguan nostalgia and so on.
Expressing emotions and skills:
(1) Express your ambition to make contributions like the ancients and express your nostalgia for the ancients; Or lament that time has passed and ambition is hard to pay.
(2) Expressing the feelings of prosperity in the past and the decline of the present, implying dissatisfaction or even criticism of reality, and satirizing the present with the ancient;
(3) When worrying about the country and the people, expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers and sympathize with the sufferings of the lower classes, but it depends on the future and destiny of the country and the nation.
Full-text reading of book fragrance:
Source or author: Du Fu
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Full-text translation of shuxiang;
Where can I find Zhuge Liang ancestral temple in Wuhou? In the dense cypress forest on the outskirts of Chengdu.
The green grass reflects the natural spring scenery on the steps, and the orioles on the trees sing to each other through the branches.
It is believed that the ancestors of the world visited the cottage three times, assisted the founding of the two dynasties, and worked faithfully.
It's a pity that Wei died in the army before he was defeated, and the heroes of past dynasties burst into tears!