First, the real classroom
The fundamental purpose of Chinese teaching is to cultivate students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. Therefore, Chinese classroom teaching must be student-oriented, student-oriented, and return the classroom to the students. Focus on the text and integrate into it; Pay attention to memory and accumulation, and pursue truth and effectiveness.
The real classroom should make students' learning meaningful. The preliminary significance is that he has learned new knowledge, and further, he has exercised his ability. He has a good positive emotional experience in his study and a strong need for further study. The most important thing is that he will be more and more active in his studies.
The real classroom is efficient. The classroom is open to everyone, students actively participate, everyone has something to do, and students have also undergone some changes through teaching. The whole classroom has an active atmosphere, substantial content and great energy.
The real classroom should be alive. This class is not completely preset, but there are real, emotional, intelligent, thinking and ability inputs from teachers and students in the class, and there is an interactive process; In this process, there are both the generation of resources and the generation of process state.
The real classroom is normal and needs to be improved. There is no need for a lot of pre-class preparation, the classroom is normal, there are collisions of ideas and corresponding discussions in the classroom, and teachers and students can produce many new things with each other. Moreover, the classroom can't be perfect, flawed and needs improvement. It can be improved by teachers and students.
The real classroom is a teaching process of equal dialogue and joint efforts between teachers and students. In this process, the professional level of teachers has been improved. Students' Chinese literacy has improved, and they really enjoy all the happiness and wisdom of teaching as a creative process.
The real classroom is a real return to Chinese, which embodies a strong "Chinese flavor". It can guide students to touch the language with their senses and hearts, let them wander in the dense forest of words, sentences and paragraphs, care for the language with their own feelings and experiences, let them immerse themselves in it, taste it repeatedly, and build a happy process with simple words that makes them tremble inside. In this process, knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values have also been improved.
Classroom is really a good place to teach Chinese. Teachers should teach Chinese honestly. The real classroom needs teachers to attach importance to text teaching, return the classroom to students, and effectively complete the interpretation and understanding of the text. Guide students to read each text, understand the key words, try to find out the restrictive elements and understand the warning sentences. For example, when we read Kong Yiji for the first time, no one would mind the narrative of Kong Yiji's tragic ending-"Kong Yiji really died", but after reading the text carefully, we can easily find the magical functions of "about" and "really". "About" and "indeed" seem contradictory but not contradictory. "About" shows that nobody cares about Kong Yiji's death, and his life on earth is just a joke. "Without him, others will live like this." So he became a redundant person in the society, reflecting the cruel reality of the world's indifference. "Indeed" shows that Kong Yiji's death is inevitable, and his tragedy is also the tragedy of a group of lower-class intellectuals who are deeply poisoned by the feudal scientific system. Lead students to study paragraphs, appreciate the context, appreciate the author's unique language application art, such as teaching hometown, and carefully study the beginning of the article: "In the yellow mud world, there are several desolate villages far and near, which are lifeless." The word "horizontal" in a sentence is a very common word. When students are guided to ponder this passage carefully in a specific context, they will have an epiphany. The usual word "horizontal" is unusual. The word "Heng" vividly depicts the depression and ruin of rural areas in China after the failure of the Revolution of 1911, exaggerates the atmosphere and sets a specific social environment for the emergence of leap soil.
The real classroom not only attaches importance to typical texts, but also attaches importance to language sense, and at the same time attaches importance to recitation and accumulation. In my opinion, reading more and remembering more, strengthening accumulation, cultivating language sense, enriching knowledge, broadening horizons and improving personal humanistic quality are fine traditions worth inheriting. Familiar reading and reciting is an important way to accumulate Chinese knowledge. The Examination Center of the Ministry of Education believes that recitation is an essential process in Chinese learning, which cultivates sentiment, accumulates knowledge, and increases the sensibility and expressiveness of Chinese, and has eternal ideological and artistic value. The new curriculum standard also attaches importance to recitation. There are 60 ancient poems recited after class in the text, and the teacher is also required to recommend them to the students. Chinese learning is a long-term accumulation process, and the most important form in the accumulation process is reciting, especially ancient poems. By reciting all kinds of beautiful sentences, we can accumulate classic culture, appreciate China culture and inherit China culture.
Second, interesting classes.
Piaget, a famous psychologist, said: "All mental work depends on interest." The key to classroom teaching lies in how to stimulate students' interest in learning. And learning interest is an efficient catalyst to promote learning activities. Therefore, Chinese teachers should take care of students' interest in learning Chinese in the teaching process, so as to stimulate their enthusiasm for learning Chinese and promote the efficiency of learning. Classroom teaching interest is an extremely important factor to stimulate students' interest in learning.
The interesting class begins with a unique and novel introduction. Introducing new courses is the first step to organize Chinese teaching. Good introduction can play a leading role, arouse people's interest and curiosity, and create a good learning atmosphere. There are many ways to introduce new courses, and teachers should use them flexibly according to their needs. My new lesson import methods are: story import, dialogue import, metaphor import, artistic conception import, quotation import, demonstration import and so on. Just like the lesson "You will hear it" above, I introduced it this way: multimedia shows the picture of flowers in full bloom. "Classmate, have you ever heard the sound of flowers? On a sunny spring morning, bright flowers slowly spread their waists and spread bright smiles. One butterfly flew in, two bees buzzed in admiration, and the flowers giggled ... You must listen to the wind and listen attentively, and you will hear it. Today, we will learn the text "You will hear it". Flexible and ingenious selection of new lesson introduction methods can enliven the classroom atmosphere and improve the interest of Chinese classroom teaching.
Interesting classes are colorful because of the flexible use of various teaching methods. There are many ways of entertainment in Chinese classroom teaching, such as stimulating imagination, comparing similarities and differences, reading performances of different roles, and turning abstract words into intuitive stimulation with the help of tape recorders, video recorders, objects, wall charts, PPT and other media. As for the above poems and exquisite prose, I use the method of reciting, sometimes accompanied by corresponding music, so that Lang Shu and clear voice can replace the teacher's endless explanations and a lot of so-called "knowledge points" exercises. Reciting is not loud, but refreshing and natural, not the standard of Putonghua (the standard is of course good), but the rhythm and feeling. Reading enthusiastic places gives it excitement, euphemistic places give it euphemism, sad places give it sadness, let the meaning in the text come from my mouth, and the feelings in the text come from my heart. The experience of reciting includes not only the feelings of the mind, but also the feelings of the body. For example, when reciting Du Fu's "Looking at Yue", "Colorful Clouds lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that other mountains are short under the sky. " Readers will truly feel the poet's strong physiological reaction to the extroverted impulse caused by the strong shock of natural scenery, and at the same time produce the same extroverted impulse as the author, thus realizing the poet's magnificent mind and heroic spirit. Let students recite poems and essays in groups, which will arouse students' interest and enthusiasm and taste the happiness of cooperation. Regarding the above composition "Suzhou Garden Village", considering that there are not many students who have been to Suzhou to see the garden in advance, it is difficult to understand, so first get back the video from other places, and then consult the information online to make a neat and beautiful PPT according to the writing ideas. In classroom teaching, PPT-assisted teaching is very intuitive and vivid, students have mastered the knowledge of the text in happy learning, and their interest in learning Chinese has also improved. As mentioned earlier, the teaching of classical Chinese such as "Chen She Family" and "Model" is boring for students. In view of this, I have made some changes in the teaching content, such as combining the study of historical allusions, so that students' interest in learning can be improved immediately and good teaching results can be achieved.
The subtlety of the classroom can be intuitively understood through the form of performance, thus deepening understanding. Let students participate in class performance, which can not only reflect students' dominant position, but also increase the interest of teaching. For example, when teaching textbooks such as Mosquito and the Lion, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Chameleon and The Merchant of Venice, students are required to write and perform their own plays, which are vivid and leave a deep impression on teachers and students. There are also many wonderful language descriptions and action descriptions in Chinese class, which can also make students actively perform and stimulate interest. For example, the movements, expressions and intonation of Mr. Wang when reading aloud, and Kong Yiji's clip Kong Yiji's "Out of Nine Articles" and "Out of Four Articles" can make students ponder and perform carefully and deepen their experience. Debate and knowledge contest can stimulate students' excitement in the process of thinking, make them pay more attention and give full play to their intelligence. At the same time, enhance students' sense of competition and cultivate the spirit of unity and cooperation. For example, teaching "The Death of Yang Xiu" allows students to debate on the topic "Should Cao Cao kill Yang Xiu", and analyze and grasp the personality characteristics of Cao Cao and Yang Xiu in the debate.
In classroom teaching, it is sometimes advisable to exchange the roles of teachers and students, so that students can try to be "little teachers", which will arouse students' strong interest. If I often deliberately mispronounce or write wrong words, I will let the students be small teachers to correct them, which greatly stimulates the students' enthusiasm for learning. For example, I will open two texts every semester for students to attend classes in the whole class. Students actively undertake teaching tasks, form a think tank to prepare lessons collectively, and do a questionnaire survey before preparing lessons; Write detailed lesson plans and make beautiful PPT；; Classroom teaching is well organized, with introduction, transfer, summary, homework and group discussion. The classroom atmosphere is active. Although the classroom teaching of "Little Teacher" is immature and flawed, the students' enthusiasm for learning is definitely high, because an ocean of interaction and mutual assistance has been formed up and down the podium.
Third, the wisdom classroom.
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out that "Chinese teaching should stimulate students' interest in learning and create a good autonomous learning situation for students. "This marks that the Chinese classroom will change the form of full-time irrigation in the past and be replaced by a modern classroom teaching that stimulates students' thirst for knowledge and opens students' wisdom. Chinese classroom should be full of vitality, make learning alive, take innovation and practice as the main line, and make agility the main theme of the new curriculum classroom.
In the intelligent classroom, students must move. Because students are the masters of learning and development, only when students move can they get real development in autonomy, cooperation and inquiry, and move more wonderfully, and students learn and develop in learning. Effectively carrying out comprehensive learning activities can enable students to acquire knowledge and ability outside the text. For example, let students find Chinese in life, collect various forms of folk languages, learn Chinese from life, use Chinese, and appreciate the wisdom and charm of folk languages. Let students walk into the world of China traditional drama, a treasure of national culture, explore the origin of China's drama and feel its broad connotation; By learning to sing opera, we can taste the long lasting appeal and beautiful feelings of opera. Let the students collect stories, poems and songs about the moon and feel the deep affection and sustenance of the Chinese nation for the moon. Take students through the garden of ancient poetry, learn to sing, learn to score and learn to compose ancient poetry, so that students can deeply understand the connotation of poetry and appreciate the beauty of melody and rhythm in the practice of independent inquiry, and thus love the language and characters of the motherland more.
Smart classroom requires teachers to attach great importance to the development and utilization of Chinese curriculum resources, such as textbooks, libraries, televisions, natural scenery, cultural relics, customs and so on. Teachers can creatively carry out various activities, enhance students' awareness of learning and using Chinese in various occasions, and improve students' Chinese practice ability in many ways. For example, after reading Teacher's Watch, students really want to know more about Zhuge Liang's life story, so I take students to read online, collect information, compile and compile the handwritten newspaper Zhuge Liang in my mind, and communicate with each other in class, with good results. In June, 2005, 165438+ 10, Quzhou Basic Education Curriculum Reform Exhibition was held in our school. I seize this opportunity to let students visit the exhibition hall and write articles to communicate in class. Organize students to interview the person in charge of the activity, write news reports and broadcast them on the school radio. In the extracurricular Chinese practice activities, students have learned Chinese and used Chinese, and at the same time they have gained the joy of success and cooperation.
In writing classroom teaching, I launched a "composition contest on the same topic" with my students, which made Chinese classroom teaching more flexible and interesting and effectively promoted the improvement of teachers' and students' Chinese literacy. Every semester, I will hold an essay contest with my students. I write down my water composition and bring it to class for students to revise and comment. Then after the evaluation, change it, change it, evaluate it, and change it after evaluation until the students are satisfied. Students also try their best to review. Finally, I compiled an essay collection in the class and published it. Every competition, whether teachers or students, will try their best to write, try their best to modify and create perfection. In this kind of class, it is difficult for us to determine the class generation. The presupposition of classroom teaching is often impossible to be fully realized, and more is improvisation in the interaction between teachers and students. Because of this, intelligent classroom teaching has become an art, full of life and more exciting.
Fourth, poetic classroom.
Teacher Wang Songzhou talked about three realms of class: first, people are in the class, and the class is among people; Second, people are like people, and people are like people; Third, people are both classes and classes are people. The higher the realm, the lighter the trace of class, and finally there is no trace to be found. Poetic classroom is the highest classroom realm. In my mind, the poetic classroom is a relaxed, casual and harmonious classroom atmosphere between Confucius and his disciples, a scene where Plato and his students discuss problems democratically and equally, and a beautiful and harmonious classroom rhythm when the teacher teaches Camellia Fu. What Mr. Qian Menglong and his students read and discussed was a chic conversation ... I have been eager to find and create a "poetic classroom", hoping to cultivate a beautiful sky in the classroom with my wisdom and emotion, so that I can enter the classroom teaching with the whole class. Then, I kept hitting the wall, and the poetic classroom always made people have fantastic pursuits.
To create a poetic classroom, teachers should be full of poetry. In Chinese teaching, to make students feel, teachers should first feel; To let students experience, teachers must first experience; To move students, we must first move teachers. Only when teachers are deeply involved, sincere and enthusiastic, and full of passion can they really edify and infect students. Therefore, teachers themselves are an important curriculum resource. Teachers should be full of poetry, first of all, they should strengthen their own language and culture cultivation, be knowledgeable and thoughtful, and improve their language expression ability. The second is to study the text carefully. Because Chinese is humanistic, every article is the author's inner experience, and everyone can feel the fresh life. If you only pay attention to reference materials and don't study the text carefully, you will be divorced from life and won't be able to attend beautiful Chinese classes, let alone poetry. My method is to read the text more than five times before class, and strive for a new understanding every time; Combine your own life experience and guide students to learn the text in emotional language. Sometimes music is added as needed, and multimedia courseware is used to create a poetic classroom atmosphere. Students are influenced and infected in a beautiful environment, students study happily, and teachers teach easily and happily.
Classroom teaching is creative and helps to create a poetic classroom. Creative use of teaching materials will make the classroom poetic. For example, in the teaching of Walking, instead of perceiving the text as a whole and analyzing the text paragraph by paragraph according to the six narrative elements, we boldly integrate the teaching content, pay attention to guiding students to experience the emotional beauty, structural beauty and linguistic beauty of the text description, fully tap the text content and emotion, and let students be influenced by beauty. Carefully designed classroom teaching links, so that the classroom teaching structure is rigorous, ups and downs, twists and turns, classroom design is like a flowing poem, leading students to indulge in classroom learning, just like stepping on fast-paced dance music. Chinese is a practical course, so it is necessary to broaden students' learning space and increase their chances of Chinese practice. Therefore, to create a poetic classroom, teachers should pay attention to the guidance of the learning process. The introduction of teachers' passion, students' perception of the text, the deepening practice of knowledge transfer, the exchange of tips in discussion and the "side escape" relying on the text all show the dialogue process among teachers, students, the text and the author. In the process of dialogue, teachers listen carefully to each student's opinions, so that students can actively express their opinions, reflect their own value and dignity, learn knowledge easily and happily, shape their personality and improve their education level. Pay attention to the learning process, so that students can truly become the masters of the classroom and feel the joy of learning.