Chastellain said elsewhere that Jews and pagans cherish honor, carefully protect honor, and pursue honor for honor's sake, because they expect to be praised by the world. On the contrary, Christians are proud of their faith and the light of the Holy Spirit, and they expect to be rewarded in heaven. Fu Huasa was the first historian to recommend courage. The courage he praised is the courage without religious motivation and direct ethical motivation, the courage to pursue fame and honor, and the courage to pursue his own future. He was a naughty boy when he was a child. The pursuit of chivalry and honor and hero worship are intertwined and inseparable; In hero worship, the factors of the Middle Ages and Renaissance are also intertwined and inseparable. Chivalry life is a life without historical dimension.
There is no difference in hero worship between knights of the Round Table and ancient heroes. When the legend of chivalry flourished, Alexander the Great had integrated into the rational world of chivalry. The fantasy field of ancient legends has never been separated from the knights of the round table. The Duke of René described this colorful combination in a poem: he saw that the tombstones of Lancelot, Caesar, King David, Hercules, Paris, troilus and others were all covered with unique weapons. Chivalry is regarded as a style of ancient Rome. "He maintained chivalrous discipline, as strict as that of the ancient Romans."
Portuguese aristocrat vasco? De? Wasma Lucena translated Shen Yulun for the brave Charlie? Curtis's "Alexander the Great" explained to Charlie that the image of the author's biography is reliable, just like the interpretation made by Maerlant 150 years ago. He cleared away the lies surrounding Alexander the Great and clarified the image distorted by general historical works.
However, Lucina's intention to set an example for the brave Charlie is much better than his predecessors. Few people in history have consciously imitated the monarchs and military commanders of ancient civilizations like the brave Charlie. Since he was young, Charlie asked people to read him the legendary stories of Gawaine and Lancelot. Later, he preferred classical stories. Usually a few hours before I go to bed, I will read the noble stories of the Romans. His favorite stories are those of ancient heroes, such as Caesar, Hannibal and Alexander the Great. He hopes to emulate these heroes. At that time, people thought that the brave Charlie attached great importance to imitating heroes as a driving force for making contributions. His desire for immortality is his greatest motivation for fighting. He is eager to imitate ancient heroes, because later generations continue to comment on heroes.
Historian Chastellain saw that he longed for immortality and deliberately imitated the style and posture of the ancients. 1467, history provided him with such an opportunity that he entered mechelen as a duke for the first time. He went there to quell the riot. The local court formally investigated and heard the case. One rebel was executed and the others were exiled for life. The guillotine was built in the city square. Duke Charles sat facing the guillotine. The condemned man was ordered to kneel on the ground and the executioner showed his knife. But just then, Charlie shouted, "Wait a minute! Take off his blindfold and let him stand up. " Until the last minute, he kept a cautious attitude of keeping his name secret.
Chastellain said with emotion: "At that moment, I felt that he set a high and personalized goal for his fame in history, and he hoped that he would be immortal with extraordinary achievements." Brave Charlie is enough to convince us that the Renaissance spirit and its yearning for the life of the ancients are directly rooted in the ideal of chivalry. Compared with the artistic appreciation of the French and Italians, the difference is only the difference in literacy and taste. Charlie is reading a classical translation, and his lifestyle is still showing off Gothic style.
In The Nine Sages, we can also see that chivalry and Renaissance elements are inseparable. Nine heroes originated from knight literature, including three pagans, three Jews and three Christians. It was first seen in Jacques who came out of the closet at 13 12. De? In Yong's The Covenant of Pu 'an.
The selection criteria of the nine great masters show their close relationship with knight legendary literature. The nine masters are: hector, Caesar, Alexander the Great, Joshua, David and Judas? Maccabees, King Arthur, Charlemagne and Godfrey? De? Brian. Deschamps studied under the teacher Guillaume? De? Ma Xia learned from Jiu Jie and wrote many poems for him. Like symmetry is a typical feature of people in the late Middle Ages. Perhaps it is this reason that prompted Deschamps to add nine heroines in order to be symmetrical with the above nine heroes.
To this end, he extracted some ancient figures from the literature of Justine and others, some of which were quite strange. The nine heroines are Penthesilea, Tomyris and Semiramis, whose names are easily confused.
However, the popularity of the nine chivalrous men and nine women was not affected by this, and they entered the later works such as Le Jouvencel L, and these characters were embroidered on tapestries and shirts. When King Henry VI 143 1 entered Paris, the portraits of these nine heroes appeared at the front of the procession. /kloc-in the 0/5th century and beyond, these heroes became the objects of parody, which proved that they had strong vitality. Morine created the parody "Nine o'clock". Francis I sometimes plays one of the nine men in ancient costume.
Deschamps also broadened the concept of nine outstanding women in another way. He added not only nine excellent women, but also Bertrand? Di？ Gasklin, who constitutes the "Top Ten Heroes", thus linked the worship of heroic virtues with the present and the present, and transformed the worship of warriors into a new French military patriotism. This kind of patriotism is also very popular: Louis of Orleans threw Gasklin, the 10 th warrior, into Tang Yingjie in Cousy. Louis especially respected Gasklin and commemorated Gasklin, because Gasklin held him when he was baptized and gave him a sword. This brave and resourceful soldier became a national hero worshipped by the French.
It should be pointed out that the national hero worshipped by the French in the15th century was not the first to promote Joan of Arc. The military leaders who fought alongside her or fought against her occupied more places in people's imagination than Joan of Arc at that time. At that time, she was just a peasant girl in East Remy.
People talk about her without emotion or respect, but treat her as a strange person. As long as the environment required, Chastellain's love for Burgundy developed into his loyalty to France. So when Charles VII died, he wrote a mystery play, in which four soldiers who served Charles VII and fought against the British became characters: Dunois and Jean? De? Jean de Buil, Santrell, La Hill. There are also a large number of less famous soldiers in the script. This play is like a hall of fame, where people review their merits with poems. They at least remind us of Napoleon's gallery. But Joan of Arc was not written into the script.
The Burgundy royal family has collected some legendary cultural relics related to heroes in the Treasure Hall: the sword of St. George decorated with heraldry and the sword of Landau in Gai Ke. Garland? Le? The tusks of wild boar worn by Garin Lerohain, and the poems and songs that St. Louis read as a child. Chivalry and religious fantasy blend here! Furthermore, we can see that Levi's collarbone was solemnly accepted by Pope Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, who regarded Levi's collarbone as a cultural relic.
The literary form of hero worship in the late Middle Ages is The Legend of the Perfect Knight. A knight like Jill? De? Gilles deTrazegnies has become a legend. The most important biographies are biographies of people at that time, such as Jean Boucicaut, Pierre and Jacques? De? The biography of Jacques de Lalaine 、 Lalaine Paras 、 Lalaine Vergara-Paras.