1. Understand the young men's passionate pursuit of beautiful and kind women and the sincere and beautiful love life of young men and women expressed in Guan Ju.
2. Understand the techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing repeatedly used in the works.
Teaching focus
The emotion expressed by repeatedly singing poems
Teaching difficulties
The application of bi xing technique.
Teaching time
1 class hour.
teaching process
First of all, introduce literary common sense.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. It contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, which was called Poetry at that time, and was also called Poetry 300. In the Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic before it was named The Book of Songs. The Book of Songs is divided into three categories according to genre: style, elegance and ode. And "wind, elegance, praise, fu, comparison and prosperity" is called "six meanings" in Preface to Mao Poetry. The Book of Songs, with its rich content and high ideological and artistic achievements, occupies an important position in the cultural history of China and even the world, and its profound spirit of describing and reflecting reality has had a great influence on later literature.
Second, learn from Guan Yu.
1, the old teacher reads the text, and the students read along to solve the words.
2. Students read notes, and with the help of reference books, the teacher gives instructions to find out the meaning of the text.
The first chapter touches the feelings of love between men and women from the harmony of pigeons, and connects the love between a lady and a gentleman.
In the second chapter, we will get excited by picking flowers, and then describe the feeling of missing and dreaming day and night step by step. Overlap "wandering" to show the depth of missing; Tossing and turning vividly describes the anguish and anxiety of seeking but not getting it.
The third chapter uses an overlapping way similar to the second chapter, but its meaning has been further developed. Men tease women with music, win her favor, and reach a happy marriage with wonderful music.
3. Discuss the expression of "Xing" in the whole poem.
4. Theme induction:
Guanju is a folk love song, which describes a man's passionate pursuit of a girl. It shows the simple wishes of the ancient working people, is the natural expression of their thoughts and feelings in daily life, sings their true feelings about life, and has a strong local flavor and life interest. The feelings expressed are sincere, pure and simple, without vulgarity and hypocrisy, and there is a pure beauty from the heart.
Introduction-An Introduction to Literature Common Sense
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, including 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. In ancient times, it was called "300 songs", which was divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode.
? Relevant evaluation of past dynasties:
"Poetry is 300. In a word, it says' thinking naively'. " (The Analects of Confucius Governing the Country)
? "Reciting 300 Poems, teaching them as politics, is unattainable; Make it all-round, not exclusive. Although a lot, what do you think? "
(The Analects of Confucius Lutz)
? "Three hundred poems, probably written by sages when they were angry." ("Historical Records Taishi Gongxu")
Second, the first reading-overall perception
Carefully prepare template reading to infect students. After reading the model essay, read it sentence by sentence, so that students can familiarize themselves with the reading of these two poems emotionally. After such training, students will be able to read more fluently and master the pauses in sentences as a whole.
Step: Read aloud the pronunciation in groups of men and women.
⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓⒓936
Third, second reading-understanding reading aloud
Give necessary explanations and hints, and divide the levels of poetry on this basis, so that students can understand the whole poem and tell the general idea of the poem, and then carry out reading training. At this time, students will have a sense of hierarchy and can hear what readers want to tell others.
Requirements: 1. Use your imagination and describe the content according to your notes.
2. Show "related materials and translated poems" and ask students to choose their favorite poems and give reasons. 3. Read together.
? 1, Guanluo birds sing, on a small continent in the middle of the river.
Xin Wei, a good girl, wants to match her.
? 2, the length of the water shepherd's purse is uneven, picking things around the water shepherd's purse.
Xin Wei, a good girl, pursued her until her dream.
? Pursuing her has become a fantasy, and I want to close my eyes when I open them.
I miss you all night, and I turn over until dawn.
? 4, long and short water leeks, pick people around.
Xin Wei, a good girl, greeted her with a harp and a harp.
5, water leeks are long and short, and the pickers pick left and right.
Xin Wei, a good girl, married her with gongs and drums.
The fourth and third reading-expressive reading
Teachers should guide students to do a good job in analyzing the image of lyric heroes, so that their thinking in images can be fully activated. This is the main link of poetry teaching. Teachers should be good at using questions to stimulate students' imagination and association, so that the image of the lyric hero can be vividly and perfectly reproduced in students' minds, and then read aloud with expressions until it becomes a hymn.
Summary: (Students volunteered to take part in the reading contest)
In the poem, the man heard the birdsong by the river, walked along the birdsong, and saw a pair of turtledoves on the sandbar, which aroused a beautiful association-a lady is a gentleman. Therefore, the first chapter of the poem says: "The pigeon in Guanguan is a gentle and graceful lady in Hezhou, and a gentleman is very gentle and graceful." While he was listening to pigeons singing, a girl was picking shepherd's purse by the river. Her graceful gesture of picking shepherd's purse left an unforgettable impression on him, and his love came to him, making him miss her awake and dreaming. The following four sentences are "welcome", which summarizes this strong sense of excitement. However, because the pursuit of this girl did not achieve her goal, she was "awake and thinking" and "tossing and turning". The eight sentences in the second chapter describe the man's pain and anxiety day and night. The last chapter further expresses the man's deep yearning and good wishes for the leek picking girl. Friends of the harp and the music of the bells and drums are all about his wishes, that is, imagining the lively scene of marriage.
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Guan Ju is Nan Zhou's first poem and the first poem in The Book of Songs. The ancients put it at the top of 300 articles, which shows its importance. Confucius said, "Guan Ju is happy but not lewd, and sad but not hurt." Since then, scholars in all previous dynasties have evaluated Guan Ju as "compromising with Confucius". Guan Ju tells the story of a man's yearning for a woman, his pursuit process, the pain he can't get and the happiness he can get. His style of writing, meaning, sound and emotion are all good, which is the beginning of "national style" and the crown of the Book of Songs.
The first word
Guanluo ... in ... June, Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of the patriarchal clan society in ancient China). ...
See ... the one on the left ... right ... right? ...
Please ... please ...
Shen ... Zuo ... Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of China's ancient patriarchal clan society) ... Qin Dynasty ...
Shen ... Yao (the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late period of China ancient patriarchal clan society) ... clock on the left. ...
Six or two rounds-individual round.
Seven, extended reading
1, The Book of Songs
2. Papaya in the Book of Songs
pawpaw
Throw me in the papaya
Report to Joan (Joan: Redjade; It also refers to the beautiful jade (Yu Pei)
Not to thank you.
Cherish and love forever
Give me a papaya
Xiang (Yao: Meiyu; Stone as beautiful as jade)
Not to thank you.
Cherish and love forever
You'll give me Kiichigo.
Reward it with nectar (Ji incarnates jet)
Not to thank you.
Cherish and love forever
Third:
classes
[teaching points]
Data assisted reading; Read the text aloud and feel the whole; Think about reading the text and grasp the meaning of the text; Read the text and explore artistic skills.
[teaching]
First, guide the design.
The Analects of Confucius said: "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say." The enlightenment of the ancient Book of Songs can make people "gentle, respectful and frugal". The Book of Songs has been selected as a teaching material in ancient times. Even the handmaid of Zheng Xuanjia, a great man in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is familiar with the Book of Songs and can be used in daily life. Learning Guan Yu is the first of 300 articles.
Second, information reading AIDS
Multimedia display content:
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. Originally called the Book of Songs, it was later regarded as a classic by Confucianism and renamed the Book of Songs. It contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "300 poems", which are divided into three categories: style, elegance and ode. Wind, also known as "national wind", is a ballad from all over the country, and the oral creation of the masses is the essence of the Book of Songs. Many chapters exposed the oppression and exploitation of the aristocratic ruling group, and also reflected people's labor production and love for life. Often repeated recitation, each chapter in a poem often uses different words, resulting in folk songs.
Guanju is the beginning of Feng He's The Book of Songs. The ancients crowned it at the top of 300 articles, indicating its evaluation. "Historical Records: Family of consorts" once recorded: "The Book of Changes is based on Gan Kun, and the Book of Songs begins with Guan Ju. This book is very beautiful ... when the couple are married, human nature is also great. Confucius said, "Guan Ju is happy but not lewd, and sad but not hurt. "Its sound, feeling, writing and meaning are all good, which is enough for the beginning of the wind, the first of three hundred articles.
Third, read the whole poem and feel it as a whole.
1. Students listen to the recorded music, read aloud, correct the sound and show the projection:
Jiū waterfowl.
Y m 4 o ti m 4 o: Quiet and beautiful.
Qi ú: Spouse.
Eupatorium odoratum: Edible aquatic plant.
Wù mèi: This refers to day and night. Hey, when you wake up. Sleep, sleep.
Pen (máo): select.
Students can read the text freely, so can teachers.
Teacher's tip: Zhang Dui and Ming are in Hezhou, and their spouses are not chaotic. They are gentlemen's lovers. The beauty of the text lies in soothing the voice of fairness and improving the tone of the whole article and poem with tone. Guided by "My Fair Lady, Gentleman's Good Ladder". The word "Qiu" in the chapter is the center of the whole article, which is written with deep yearning and worry about seeking. The tone is also forced, which is different from the gentle voice before. Chapters 5 and 5 describe the happiness of seeking. When you say "friends" or "music", these words have their own weight and depth, so you should read the feelings of excitement and happiness.
3. Teachers demonstrate reading, which is produced to understand the text.
4. Students annotate and translate the whole poem.
Multimedia display:
Guanzheng
Birds turn off their songs and miss each other all night.
On a small continent in the middle of the river. I turned it over until dawn.
Good girl, Xin Wei,
My brother wants to pair with her. Long and short waterside,
People who choose left and right.
The length of water is uneven, and the good girl Xin Wei is all stripes.
Pick something shepherd's purse. Play the piano and greet her.
Good girl, Xin Wei,
Pursue her until you dream. Water is long and short,
The collector chooses the right and left.
Pursuing her became a fantasy, and the good girl Xin Wei ruled.
I want to open my eyes and close them. Marry her, bells and drums are ringing.
Teacher's Tip: Poetry focuses on imagination and association. Literal meaning does not need to be written in words, and it can be removed without a good understanding, but words and keywords are very important.
5. Students read, play the tape and listen again to feel the rhythm and rhythm of this poem.
Fourth, think about reading the whole poem and grasp the meaning of the text.
1. Teacher's question: This poem tells a story. Please describe it in English.
Health 1: wrote a man's love for a beautiful girl and wanted to chase her.
Health 2: He thinks day and night, tossing and turning, and can't sleep at night.
Health 3: He dreams of playing the piano and the harp and marrying this girl.
……
The teacher concluded: This poem by Mu is very short and complete. It not only describes the yearning for love, but also does not fall into deep mourning. It is an ancient and excellent folk song. It seems that Guanju, the first book in The Book of Songs, really lives up to its reputation.
2. The teacher asked: Since everyone thinks it is a love poem, how does it express lovesickness? Please analyze it.
The teacher divided the class into six groups, and each group had an analysis and appreciation task. How to write this man's love, lovesickness and dreams. Give priority to one group and supplement or evaluate another.
Show:
In the first chapter, there are four sentences about young people. Seeing a pair of waterfowl in love on the river and hearing their echoing cries naturally aroused infinite emotion, not to mention that he still has a beloved person in his heart! He longs for beautiful and virtuous girls and ideal spouses.
It says on the blackboard: Listen: Pigeons off.
What you can see: in Hezhou, there are many levels, and language is about meaning.
Thinking: My beautiful lady.
Wish: a gentleman is good.
In the second chapter, he wrote eight sentences about homesickness day and night, and suddenly forgot the graceful figure of the girl who picked leeks while working by the water. The suffering of acacia has reached the point where it is impossible to sleep at night.
Writing on the blackboard: looking for it-the heart of admiration
Tossing and turning-the pain of lovesickness
The eight sentences in the chapter suddenly brought a cheerful and lively scene of "friends of rabbits, music of bells and drums". This is a huge change. Fantasy originates from emotion, which is undoubtedly a man's longing for the future and his desire for the future.
Words on the blackboard: Harp and Harp's Friends-Close Love
Bell and drum music-cheerful and lively
Teacher's summary: When the ancients explained this poem, they either painted it with feudal ethics, or said it was "the virtue of beautiful empresses", or said it was "stabbing Kang Wang", nominally "proving the poem with history", but it was actually distorted. This is a love poem. What is written is longing, pursuit and yearning, which is both implicit and enough. Confucius said that "Guan Ju is happy but not lewd, but sad but not hurt", which is really insightful and still enlightening today.
3. The students read Guanju again to reproduce the vivid image of the hero in their minds.
Fifth, read the whole poem and explore artistic techniques.
1. Question: Is this article expressed in words?
Health 1: The topic is taken from the beginning of the sentence.
Health 2: Four words per sentence.
Health 3: The languages are all the same, only a few words have changed in the middle.
Health 4: This poem uses a double-tone rhyme.
……
The teacher concluded: The Book of Songs is a four-character poem. The most unique point in the composition is "chanting with chapters". The so-called "repetition" means that all chapters of a poem have the same number of sentences and almost the same language, and only a few words or even one or two words are changed in the middle to repeat the singing.
Multimedia display:
The characteristics of The Book of Songs are also closely related to musical tunes. You know, when people have strong emotional impulses, they "sigh." The reason for sighing is singing. "I often like to choose a familiar song from popular tunes and sing it in words. In the era of The Book of Songs, popular folk songs were very short. After singing it once, I often feel that I am still unfinished, so I sang it again and again. When many people are together, they sing alone and make peace until they have a good time. Every time you repeat it, the easiest thing is to just change the words. It's the easiest to sing and the easiest to remember. Of course, it is the most willing to be adopted.
The use of repeated poems plays an important role in deepening artistic conception, rendering atmosphere and strengthening feelings and themes. It also gives poetry a sense of rhythm and music, and brings a euphemistic and profound charm to people.
2. Teacher's question: This poem is about a man's feelings, but it begins with "Guan Guan Ji Ge". What is the technique called?
Multimedia display:
The techniques in The Book of Songs are summarized by predecessors as Fu, Bi and Xing. Zhu explained in Biography of Poems: "The giver is also called the truth of Chen Qi" and "the comparer is the ratio of one thing to another"; If you are excited, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting. Explain this article. Fu expounded the significance of narrative. For example, "July" and "Cockroaches protect themselves" and trade silk with cloth. Bandits come to trade silk, and come to me when they come. " Compare metaphors. For example, in Feng Weimeng, the metaphor of mulberry trees from lush to withered is used, and the heroine's appearance is also from prosperity to decline. Xing is the beginning of poetry with the help of things to arouse the content to be sung. For example, "Nan Zhou Yao Tao" begins with "Yao Tao, burn out its brilliance", which reminds people of the beauty of the bride from the Peach Blossom Garden. Bixing technique has a great influence on later poetry creation.
Students, communicate.
Health 1: I think it's "Xing". Let's talk about lovesickness caused by pigeons first.
Health 2: I am Bi, and I am inseparable from pigeons. The hero in the poem compares her to an imaginary bird.
Health 3: I have both.
……
In the teacher's summary, there is a debate about what kind of technique to use. Judging from these two sentences in the poem, it does not exclude the author's true views, but it does play a role as a medium, metaphor, association and even symbol for the whole poem. There is no need to be so formal.
Sixth, try to recite the whole poem.
Seven. distribute
1. Read aloud and recite the whole poem.