The pine and cypress on the mountain are evergreen and lush all the year round, and the mountain is unique, which makes the mountain look like a green horse from a distance. Therefore, the name of this mountain is called "Lishan". For more than two thousand years, Mount Li has been attracting people's attention.
How can an ordinary Mount Li become a long-term "social focus"? Is there anything special about this mountain? Everything has to start from scratch.
"Many dissenting Confucian swept Liuhe, eyeing up to see He Xiongzai. ..... 700,000 torturers, who rose from the earth. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, told the legendary life of Qin Shihuang in poetic language. What interests the "dark seeker" most in the poem is the sentence "700,000 criminals, rising from the soil to climb mountains".
Since the Qin Dynasty, both history books and folklore believe that Qin Shihuang built an unprecedented and magnificent mausoleum for himself in Mount Li. According to legends or ancient books, later generations called it the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, also known as the "Lishan Mausoleum".
Sima Qian recorded in Historical Records that when the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was built, the excavation depth actually crossed the triple world spring! Pour the molten copper juice on the bottom layer, fill the gap in the foundation, and then put the outer coffin in; A huge underground palace was also built, and the rank of officials was set according to the rank of officials; As for the gold, silver and jewels in the tomb, it is simply a mountain! There is also a "river and sea" in the underground palace, and special organs are set up to let mercury flow like a river. A large amount of mercury flows in the tomb, symbolizing an endless stream; The top wall of the underground palace is painted with celestial phenomena, and mountains and rivers are built on the ground; The oil of the ever-burning lamp in the underground palace is made of human fish oil. It is said that this kind of oil lamp can burn for a long time without going out. ...
The underground palace is extremely luxurious Of course, there are also security measures.
First of all, Qin Shihuang ordered craftsmen to make various organs, including backstabbing and traps. Once grave robbers enter the underground palace, they will be trapped by various organs or killed by random arrows. After the underground palace is completed, all craftsmen who master the core secrets will be executed and shut up forever!
If Sima Qian's record in Historical Records is correct (although Historical Records is more like a beautiful article, there is no doubt that Sima Qian's predecessors were serious and cautious in their creation, and this perfect work is indeed a faithful history. This has long been a conclusion), we can conclude that the underground palace of the First Qin Mausoleum is the largest, most valuable and most expensive of all the imperial tombs in China!
According to predecessors' descriptions and explanations, we can make a simple assumption about the Qin Mausoleum: the Qin Mausoleum should be built to simulate the universe that people knew at that time-the top should be painted with pictures of 28 stars symbolizing celestial bodies in ancient China; Buildings on the ground should be palaces and castles symbolizing power, status and wealth, with hundreds of officials and a large number of rare treasures; The lower part of the underground palace is filled with mercury, which symbolizes rivers and oceans. ...
What a thrilling underground world! If one day it really unfolds in front of us, I believe we will unconsciously hold our breath because of shock, for fear of waking the dreamer.
Although it has been recorded from generation to generation, there is indeed a very huge mound in the north of Mount Li, 30 kilometers east of Xi 'an, Shaanxi. However, for more than two thousand years, people have never found direct and conclusive evidence to prove the existence of the underground palace of the Qin tombs.
Does the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum really exist, or does it exist under the seal on Mount Li? These mysteries have always been controversial topics.
Not only is the existence of the Qin Mausoleum controversial, but even people who believe in the existence of the Qin Mausoleum have different opinions on the specific location of the underground palace.
According to Nine Meanings of Han Dynasty, in 2 10 BC, Prime Minister Li Si reported to Qin Shihuang and ordered him to build an underground palace next to Mount Li, with 720,000 prisoners. Now he has dug deep, and it feels as if he has dug to the bottom of Lishan Mountain. After listening to Reese's report, Qin Shihuang ordered another 300 feet to be dug from the bottom to the side.
What does the bottom of Mount Li mean? Why dig 300 feet to the side after digging to the "bottom"? What's the purpose?
This record makes the location confirmation of Qin Mausoleum underground palace more confusing.
As for the folklore about the Qin mausoleum underground palace, it is more, more amazing and more outrageous! Legend has it that there is an unknown underground secret passage between the underground palace of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Mount Li. Every time there is heavy wind and rain, there will be so-called "Yin soldiers" in the passage. ...
Of course, "Yin Bing" is just a legend, which is sheer nonsense. It can only show that people have always had a strong interest in the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum for a long time, trying to find out. However, does the legendary underground passage exist? No one dares to draw a conclusion.
In recent years, with the deepening of investigation and the help of modern archaeological technology, the mystery of whether the underground palace of Qin tomb exists has gradually surfaced.
In June+10, 2002, archaeologists conducted a physical exploration of the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang in order to solve the mystery of its existence. This exploration plan has long been highly valued by the state and included in the "863" high-tech plan. This is the first time that China has included archaeological work in the "863" plan, and it is also an underground archaeological survey with the largest capital investment and the highest technical level in China.
After repeated tests, it was found that there was "mercury anomaly" in the sealed soil sample! On the contrary, soil samples from other places nearby have almost no mercury content. At this point, the conclusion is very clear: the record of a large amount of mercury buried in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in historical records is reliable, and the legendary rivers and seas made of mercury may really exist!
The geophysical results also show that there are obvious gravity anomalies under the Lishan seal. This phenomenon may be caused by backfilling after a large amount of earthwork excavation, which shows that a large-scale earthwork excavation project (underground palace excavation) has indeed been carried out under the seal of Lishan Mountain. It is also detected that there is a bluestone slab below the center of the mound, which should be an underground tomb or the top of the tomb.
Archaeologists not only use advanced physical instruments for detection, but also use the traditional tool "Luoyang shovel" (also known as exploration shovel), which is an archaeological tool. It is a semi-cylindrical shovel with a wooden handle at one end, which can be extended and retracted. When in use, it can vertically poke the ground more than 20 meters deep. The semi-cylindrical shovel can be used to take out the underground soil, and gradually dig a deep well with a diameter of about 10 cm to detect the underground soil conditions. ) for field drilling.
The detection results of Luoyang shovel also show that the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum does exist, and it is under the sealed soil. The main body of the underground palace is rectangular, with a length of 170 m from east to west and a width of 145 m from north to south, which is bigger than two football fields! The tomb where Qin Shihuang's coffin was placed is probably in the center of the underground palace, and the area of the tomb is almost equivalent to a football field; The edge of the underground palace is a circle of solid rammed earth walls, more than 30 meters above the ground, almost higher than an ancient tower! The top of rammed earth wall is only about 1 m away from the shallowest part of the Qinling Mountains.
According to the literature, when the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum was built, the acceptance criteria for the underground palace wall were very strict. At that time, after the wall was repaired, in order to test whether the rammed palace wall was firm and hard, the engineering inspector would stand far away from the palace wall and shoot sharp arrows at the wall. If the arrow can be inserted into the wall, it means that the palace wall is not hard enough and needs to be demolished and rebuilt, and the builder will be punished. Only when the arrow is blocked by the palace wall and falls under the palace wall can the construction of the city wall be considered qualified.
The solid palace wall played a decisive role in protecting the underground palace. In history, there was a great earthquake of magnitude 8 or above in Qinling area, and now the underground palace is still well preserved. From the field exploration results, no water inrush or collapse was found. In summer and autumn, a serious freezing disaster occurred in Xi and its vicinity. At that time, the pomegranate in Lintong area did not blossom and bear fruit because of freezing injury, but the pomegranate tree on the land sealed by Qin Mausoleum was not affected. It is speculated that the structure and water content of the soil in the mound have changed; Because of the underground palace, it is relatively constant temperature and humid, so that the temperature of the surface will not change too much, so that pomegranate trees on the sealed soil can avoid freezing damage.
Hanshu records that Qin Shihuang's mausoleum "passed through three springs" ... and went up the mountain ",but no one knew what" going up the mountain "meant before. In this archaeological exploration, archaeologists found a large number of fragments of residual tiles outside the rammed earth wall. These large pieces of broken tiles seem to open a reasonable explanation about the "trip in the city"-does "trip in the city" imply that a long corridor has been built on the wall of the underground palace, so that the soul of Qin Shihuang in the underground palace can come out for sightseeing at any time?
After telemetry and archaeological drilling, archaeologists also found a strange phenomenon-there are only two tombs in the Qin Mausoleum! You know, according to the ancient burial system, the emperor can enjoy four tombs. The two tombs found were located on the east and west sides of the underground palace, but no tombs were found on the north and south sides, which was quite different from the tomb structures of the other four imperial tombs.
Why did the first emperor of China, who was most qualified to enjoy the treatment of the Four Mausoleums, take the initiative to "lower the standard" and only build two mausoleums for his own mausoleum? What is the purpose of his choice? Can we guess that Qin Shihuang was a very suspicious person? Maybe he only chose two tombs to reduce the probability and risk of his tomb being stolen. ...
From the analysis of the technical level and available building materials at that time, the tomb structure and tomb door of the underground palace should be bluestone structure, and the drilling results of the Qin Mausoleum underground palace can also prove this. However, the detection results show that the bluestone used in the Qinling underground palace is obviously different from the stone of Mount Li near Qinling, and even different from the stones occasionally mixed in the Qinling enclosure, but very similar to the stones on Weibei Mountain, which is more than 0/00 miles away from the northern foot of Qinling. The Jin Dynasty recorded a ballad of the Qin people in Guanzhong Ji: "The stone transports the mouth of Ganquan, and the Weihe River does not flow. A thousand people sing, and a million people hook. " This record coincides with the results of modern archaeology and confirms each other, which seems to explain the origin of stone materials.
The source of building materials has been solved, and new problems have emerged: the detection results show that the top span of the entire underground palace is not less than 50 meters. How did craftsmen build such a huge building with huge stones more than 2000 years ago? At that time, there was no staggered joint technology between bricks, and the burial pit of terracotta warriors and horses in the Qinling Mountains was an example. Craftsmen want to build such a large-span roof, and they are in danger of collapse at any time ... we still don't know how they solved this problem.
Obviously, the scale of the underground palace of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is unmatched by any emperor in China. Its scale and construction technology far exceed our imagination. Secrets and magic wrapped in dense fog are still buried deep in the dark underground, waiting and expecting the day when the truth is revealed to the world.