How to treat the reform of state-owned enterprises

The reform of state-owned enterprises and property rights system in China is forced by the double pressure of financial grain cut-off and bank loan cut-off, and the reform of state-owned enterprises has been continuously promoted in the debate. Different people have different views on how to treat the reform of state-owned enterprises. But the practice of state-owned enterprise reform is the best answer. At present, there are three theories about the reform of state-owned enterprises: one is pessimism, which loses confidence in the reform of state-owned enterprises and holds a negative attitude towards the role of state-owned economy; The second is the theory of quick victory, which holds that the main problems of state-owned enterprise reform have been solved; Third, the theory of persistence, pessimism and quick victory does not conform to objective facts, and the reform of state-owned enterprises is a long-term strategic goal. History is the best doctor. Some people think that the reform of state-owned enterprises in China was promoted under the guidance of neo-liberal ideas and theories. I don't think so. Historically, the reform of China's state-owned enterprises and property rights system was forced to be carried out under the dual pressure of financial grain cut-off and bank loan cut-off. Why did the reform of state-owned enterprises first break through from local areas? Local governments directly face the pressure from all sides, and directly face the four major problems of "smoke from factories, employment of employees, fiscal revenue and social stability". Faced with these pressures, they have no choice but to promote reform. From the national situation, the reform of central enterprises lags behind the reform of local enterprises, the reform of large enterprises lags behind the reform of small and medium-sized enterprises, and enterprises with good economic conditions lag behind the reform of difficult enterprises. All the methods that can be tried in the reform of state-owned enterprises for more than 20 years have been tried, and the independent decision-making power of state-owned enterprise operators is also "the best in the world". However, decision makers do not bear the responsibility of making mistakes, because the reform of state-owned enterprises is promoted without investors. The reform of state-owned enterprises needs to solve two basic problems, one is the marketization of state-owned enterprise management mode, and the other is the marketization of state-owned enterprise system. After more than 20 years of reform, the former problem has been basically solved, and the production, supply and marketing of people, goods and materials have basically realized market allocation. The second problem is being solved. The debate on the reform of state-owned enterprises in 2004 reflected different understandings of the reform of state-owned enterprises, which was positive on the whole. All aspects are paying attention to the contradictions and problems in the reform and reorganization, which can make our laws and regulations more perfect and standardized. At present, according to a sample survey, more than 70% of the state-owned enterprises after the restructuring have achieved profitability. From 1998 to 2003, the number of state-owned enterprises decreased to138,000, the number of employees decreased from 75 million to 43 million, and the annual profit increased from 21300 million to more than 400 billion. Under the tide of reform, mud and sand are everywhere, which is a process of exploration and game. From a historical point of view, if we don't actively promote the reorganization of state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises, the local economy and the whole China economy will not have today's situation and will lose historical opportunities. Enterprises that have completed the restructuring now seek survival before the restructuring and development after the restructuring. They are now further considering and promoting the second reorganization. Problems occur in the process of reform and can only be improved through reform. From a realistic point of view, the reform of state-owned enterprises has entered the stage of system reform, from shallow to deep. We must truly see the problems existing in the reform of state-owned enterprises under the current situation: First, the reform of the state-owned assets management system. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has solved the problem of investor organization in place, but it has not solved the problem of investor function in place. The second is the adjustment of the layout structure of the state-owned economy. The 15th National Congress proposed that the state-owned economy should advance and retreat, and do something and do nothing. But how to embody and how to implement it? Is an unsolved problem. The third is the adjustment of labor relations of state-owned workers. The institutional dependence of state-owned enterprise employees on state-owned enterprises is the most difficult problem to solve in the reform of state-owned enterprises. In addition to the above problems, there are also problems such as separation of main and auxiliary state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises, separation of enterprises from running society, socialized management of enterprise retirees, debt restructuring/disposal of non-performing assets of state-owned enterprises, merger and reorganization of state-owned enterprises and industrial integration, governance structure of state-owned enterprises, and restructuring of collective enterprises. (Zhou/Wen)