Some of Tao Yuanming's poems are still full of artistic conception. This is most vividly expressed in his pastoral poems? Highlight. His pastoral poems are quite different from Xie Lingyun's landscape poems. Xie's poems often only give people an objective landscape, while Tao's poems bring people into a realm and rural life at the same time. For example, in the first song of "Returning to the Garden" quoted earlier, we can not only see a few straw houses among elms, willows, peach trees and plum trees, but also wisps of kitchen smoke in the village, the barking of dogs in the depths of alleys and the crowing of chickens at the head of trees, all of which also constitute a kind of realm, which is quiet, quiet, simple and natural. The formation of this feature is closely related to the poet's creative method. The poet's purpose in writing pastoral poems is not to describe the pastoral life objectively, but to reconcile and express his interest in this life. Therefore, when he was creating, he did not take the image of rural life at will, but took those things that could arouse his thoughts and feelings most from poetry, which contained extraordinary ideological artistic conception in ordinary life materials, making people feel cordial and noble. Su Shi said: "If you read Peng Taoze's poems, you won't accept them at first;" Over and over again, I know its curiosity. "The so-called' curiosity' comes from artistic conception? Raw. Because of his artistic conception, his poems are integrated. This also coincides with the "chaotic weather, difficult to extract sentences" in Han and Wei poetry. Tao Yuanming's poems have different contents and styles. For example, most of his pastoral poems are scattered and hasty, while poems such as Ode to Jing Ke are bold and powerful. But although the latter is bold, it is "bold" (Zhu's words), which naturally has something in common with the plainness of his pastoral poems. The image of "bird" runs through the whole poem "Returning to the Garden" (I). From the bird that strayed into the dust net, to the captive bird that yearned for the old forest, and then to the prisoner bird that stayed in the cage for a long time at the end of the poem, it can be seen that the bird has become a symbol of the poet, representing the process of his retirement from office, and also embodying his understanding of nature. Therefore, the image of "bird" ("pond fish" is similar to the bird in the poem, but not as symbolic as "bird", which is omitted here) is integrated with the image of the author as the subject and the bird as the object: when the bird is trapped in a cage and entangled in a net, the poet is in an official position; When captive birds fly in the sky again, it is time for Tao Yuanming to return to nature. Just like Tao Yuanming's other poems, the words in "Returning to the Garden" (I) are not as dull as those in the poems of the Six Dynasties. Simple style, unlike the ingenuity of contemporary writing style. The characteristics of Tao poetry are both dull and dry, but also wonderful and beautiful. Just as Tao Yuanming can adjust his personality and integrate Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in his thoughts, it is a miracle that he can reconcile these two opposing natures in his poems. In fact, the characteristics of Tao poetry are uneven, not withered, not beautiful, and everything seems just right. Because of this, at first glance, Tao's poems are plain and strange, withered and full of beauty. This is the highest state of art! Tao poetry can be described as "thoroughly remoulded". In the second part of Returning to the Garden (I), Tao Yuanming deliberately described an ideal pastoral scenery: more than ten acres of homestead, 89 thatched houses, elms and willows behind the house, and peaches and plums in front of the hall. Fuzzy villages, curling smoke, dogs barking in deep alleys, chickens crowing in trees ... Such a simple and quiet countryside, how desirable! It can be seen that the poet describes the world of life with praise. In other words, this rural scenery is ordinary and realistic, and it is a true portrayal of his rural life. Liang Qichao read the cloud in the article "Tao Yuanming's Literature and Character": "Ordinary poets lament that they are old and humble, and they are not ill. Many of their own complaints are exaggerated, and we can't believe them. But we can't trust Tao Yuanming, because he is the most real person, and we can guarantee from all his works. You know, Tao Yuanming is an anti-fraud and pragmatic poet. Although there are some exaggerations in his poems and prose works, the authenticity and reliability of his life and feelings are not allowed to be subjective and easy to doubt and deny. Although we should be sure that Returning to the Garden (I) is a true portrayal of the poet's pastoral life, it is not so much a simple silhouette of a corner of the country as a sketch of his ideal world. Judging from Tao Yuanming's poems, he is dissatisfied with the social conditions in which he lives. Poets may be entrusted with ancient wishes and look forward to the ancient society; It is also a fable that cherishes and fantasizes about the world of Taoyuan. However, the ancient society has become history, and the fantasy world will not be realized. Neither is the world he can actually walk into; Besides, Tao Yuanming never believed in the ethereal fairyland, nor did he place his hopes on the happiness in the afterlife advocated by Buddhists. Only the countryside is the truth of a poet's life. Judging from Tao Yuanming's actions of retiring to the countryside and fighting in the north, he tried to turn his countryside into a kingdom seeking an ideal life realm. The poet's purpose is to find something invisible in the real society in the countryside; However, there will be some unsatisfactory places in the real life in rural areas. If self-sufficiency cannot be realized, he will make up for it. In this way, it is both a reality and an ideal. Tao Yuanming's pastoral life is actually experiencing his ideal life realm. Therefore, the pastoral described in Returning to the Garden (I) is actually a pure land opposite to the dirty reality in the spiritual level, in which an ideal life realm is experienced by virtue of the realistic conditions of the pastoral and the infiltration of one's own intentions. There is no doubt that this poem describes the real rural life, but it is obviously accompanied by the ideal elements of spiritual transcendence. It is not a pure reality of family life or a castle in the air in fantasy. On the one hand, it is about his leisure, and to a greater extent, it is about his mood.
Reference:. qid=7006 122502786
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