"Nine Songs: Spirit of Ceremony"
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Qu Yuan
When rituals are completed, drums are played, and ballads are passed on to dance;
The young girl advocates her beauty and beauty;
Spring orchids and autumn chrysanthemums will last forever.
Translation of "Nine Songs: Spirit of Ceremony"
The sacrificial ceremony has been completed, the big drum is beaten tightly, and the flowers in the hands are passed and danced alternately;
Beautiful The woman sang with ease and ease.
In spring, they offer orchids, and in autumn, they offer chrysanthemums. This will continue until the end of time.
Comments on "Nine Songs: Ritual Soul"
Chengli: refers to the completion of the sacrificial ceremony. Huigu: drumming quickly and intensively.
Ba (bā): Tong "Pa", a kind of vanilla
姱 (kuākua): beautiful.
Advocate: Same as "sing".
Rong and: soothing.
The background of the creation of "Nine Songs: Ritual Soul"
One theory is that this piece is commonly used as a farewell song after the previous ten pieces of worship to various gods; another theory is that Qu Yuan wrote this piece of worship. The background of the poem is after the state of Chu was defeated by Qin twice. The content is related to the "National Sorrow" (soul and mourning). It is located after the "National Sorrow". It can be determined that it is a posthumous chapter equivalent to the nonsense words of the "National Sorrow". , rather than "Nine Songs" "send the divine song".
Appreciation of "Nine Songs: Ritual Soul"
Since the gods sent include gods of heaven and earth as well as human ghosts, they are not called "ritual gods" but "ritual spirits".
The understanding of this article has always been quite different from the title to the content. Wang Yi's "Chapter of Chu Ci" says: "The nine (ten) gods are worshiped in the temple. They all fast first to complete their worship, and then they sing and make music and beat the drums quickly to express the gods' will." Chen Zizhan, a modern man, thinks that "this is For example, "Rite Soul" was written for the purpose of worshiping the ten gods, and then singing and making music to entertain the gods. It was not written to worship any one god" ("Explanation of Chuci"). Wang Yuan of the Ming Dynasty's "Explanation of the Collection of Chu Ci" and Zhang Zhang's "Qu Ziguan" of the Qing Dynasty declared that this chapter was "a mess of the first ten poems". Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty's "General Interpretation of Chu Ci" also believes: "This chapter is common to the first ten sacrificial rituals, and it is unparalleled throughout the ages, so it is also a song to send off the gods." Wu Shishang of the Qing Dynasty "Chu Ci Shu" and Wang Bangcai's "Nine Songs and Notes" , Wang Kaiyun's "Explanation of Chu Ci" also holds the same view, and the academic community generally agrees with this theory. Jiang Liangfu's "Qu Fu Collector's Notes" also interprets "Li" as "sacrifice" and "Hun" as "the god of Qi, which is the original name of the god, so it can be summarized as nine (ten) gods." "Nine sacrificial rituals are closed and combined. The witches perform music and dance, forming an ensemble in the music... to inform all the gods." It can be said.
The psalm vividly depicts a warm and solemn scene of farewell to God in concise words. At the beginning, it was pointed out that it was "Chengli" to connect it with each chapter of "Nine Songs". After the ceremony was completed, intensive drum beats sounded, and the flowers were passed to each other while dancing alternately. The beautiful girl sang a song, her singing voice was gentle and leisurely. This is a brief but enthusiastic scene of entertaining the gods when the sacrifice to the gods is finished. In the spring, they offer orchids and in autumn, they offer chrysanthemums. How people hope that a beautiful life can be like this month after month and year after year. Therefore, from spring to autumn, people use seasonal flowers to express their good wishes to the gods, and make offerings to the gods forever, expressing people's sincerity in worshiping and serving gods.
In the drum sound of "Chengli", readers seem to see "raising the drums and beating the drums" in "Donghuang Taiyi", "playing the drums with the harp" in "Dongjun", and "playing the drums" in "National Memorial" "The scenes of "supporting the jade tree and beating the drums" are solemn, graceful or tragic. Facing the dazzling flower-passing dance, readers will undoubtedly think of the words "Ling Yan and beautiful clothes, the whole hall is full of flowers" in "Donghuang Taiyi", and "Linglian and curled up" in "Yun Zhongjun" "Stay here, the death is clear, but it is still young", the colorful dance of the gods and witches in "East King", "The wind is flying over the green past, and the poems are dancing." The singing scene of the "young girl" naturally has an overlapping image of the "slow and slow rhythm of the song" in "Donghuang Taiyi", and the "sounding song of the wind" in "Shao Siming"; That "Rong Yu" attitude is so outstanding, isn't it just like the figure of the Xiangshui consort god who "talks carefree and carefree" in "The King of Xiang" and "Mrs. Xiang"? The "everlasting" "Spring Orchid and Autumn Chrysanthemum" is a eulogy for the vitality symbolized by green plants. "Hui Yao", "Lan Jie", "Guijiu", "Pepper pulp", "Lan Tang", "Gui Zhou", "Xili Bai (foil)", "Hui silk", "Sunradi", "Lan "Jing", "Gui Chu", "Lan Chen", "He Gai", "Sunbi", "Zitan", "Guidong", "Lan Hu", "Xinyi Mei", "pharmacy", "Hui" ", "Lotus Yi", "Hui Dai", "Xinyi Che", "Guiqi", "Du Ruo", "Hibiscus", "Bai Xie", "Ping", "Zan", "Shilan", "Du" "Heng", "Shu Ma", "Yaohua", "Miwu", "Nvluo", "Youhuang", "Pine and Cypress", the living objects and living environment of the gods in "Nine Songs" are full of various fragrant plants. Depressed and angry, it highlights the longing for beautiful things and the praise of endless life. In this sense, "Spring orchids and autumn chrysanthemums will last forever and last forever" can be used as the main theme of "Nine Songs" to worship gods and pray for blessings.
This poem is the shortest in "Nine Songs", almost close to the "wind" poem in the poem, but in just a few words, it describes the scene of a grand gathering so exciting and magnificent. With the fierce drumbeats and dance steps, the gods' happiness is conveyed by playing the game of vanilla (this achieves the purpose of Qi God's wish). The two lines at the end of the poem, "Spring orchids and autumn chrysanthemums, everlasting and eternal," complete the overall layout of the poem; the vanilla beauty is used to describe the peaceful world; the vanilla beauty is used as a connecting line throughout all the poems (except "National Sorrow"). This vanilla is both the staff (form) of the score and each note (content) on the score. This macro concept is unprecedented. By sending a message to God, the poet showed his unswerving determination to serve the country.
Introduction to the author of "Nine Songs: Ritual Soul"
Qu Yuan (approximately 340 BC - 278 BC) was a poet and politician of the Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu State (now Yichang, Hubei Province). During the Warring States Period, he was born into a noble family of the Chu State. He served as Sanlu official and Zuotu, and was also in charge of domestic and foreign affairs. In 278 BC, Qin general Bai Qi captured Yingdu, the capital of Chu state, in one fell swoop. Qu Yuan, who was worried about his country and his people, committed suicide by holding a stone in his arms in the Miluo River near Changsha. The Dragon Boat Festival is said to be the anniversary of his death. He wrote many immortal poems, became the founder of ancient Chinese romantic poetry, and created a new poetry genre, Chu Ci, based on Chu folk songs. The "Chu Ci" style he created is unique in the history of Chinese literature, and is known as the "Fengcao" style together with "The Book of Songs", which had a positive impact on the poetry creation of later generations.