The analysis and appreciation of key sentences and keywords in narrative should focus on two main aspects:
(1) Pay attention to the emotional meaning of words. We should pay attention to the emotional color of the text and the emotional implication of the context, and dig out the profound meaning of the ideological level, such as the word Peugeot in Mr. Fujino. First of all, we should know that the context expresses the antipathy to the overseas students in the Qing Dynasty, and then we can accurately understand Peugeot: irony, irony.
(2) Pay attention to the implied meaning of words. It is necessary to combine the content and theme of the article to understand its meaning. For example, in Kong Yiji, Kong Yiji did die, which not only reflected the tragic character of the hero, but also revealed the cruelty of society at that time. On the other hand, we should pay attention to the specific meaning of the sentence and distinguish the contextual meaning from the outside to the inside. For example, at the end of the article "Hometown", we all live like my hard work. We don't want them to live like the hard work of the leap soil, and we don't want them to live like the hard work of others. Three hard words are used here, which obviously have different meanings. By comparing before and after, it can be determined that they mean deliberate and hard work.
2. Can you tell the expressive function and expressive effect of a word or sentence?
(1) Understand the expressive effect of Miao Zi's elegant words. We should read the sentence repeatedly, savor and ponder it carefully, and explore its extended meaning in the special language environment layer by layer on the basis of understanding its original meaning; In addition, we should learn to compare the subtleties of body odor words by changing similar words. For example, in the article "Spring", the grass crept out of the soil, tender and green. Secretly wrote the extrusion pressure of spring grass breaking through the ground, wrote the scene that spring grass has quietly emerged inadvertently and the author's feeling of surprise. At the same time, this kind of writing also makes the grass, which was originally unconscious and emotionless, seem to have consciousness and become fresh and full of life.
(2) Understand the expressive effect of rhetorical sentences. There are many wonderful rhetorical sentences in this paper, which often make people understand their expressive functions. If you carefully ponder the taste of winter in Jinan, please close your eyes and think about it: an ancient city with mountains and water, all basking in the sun and sleeping comfortably, waiting for the spring breeze to wake them up, is this an ideal realm? It can be understood that sleeping and waking are anthropomorphic writing, personifying the old city, giving it the feeling and meaning of life and showing the warm and comfortable characteristics of Jinan in winter.
(3) Understand the expressive effect of special sentence patterns. There are many kinds of sentence patterns, and the classification is also very complicated. Commonly used sentence patterns include rhetorical questions, declarative sentences, rhetorical questions, long and short sentences, etc. In order to figure out and taste the meaning of a sentence, we might as well distinguish which sentence pattern is more intense and appropriate by reading aloud. For example, rhetorical questions can strengthen the tone, express strong feelings and enhance the persuasiveness and appeal of the article. Dear Mom and Dad: A bleak wind. Bitter rain. Faint. The underground is dark, and four periods are used here. How is the expression effect? We can experience it this way: four periods together become four short sentences, so that each word can give full play to its ideographic function, and readers' reading speed will naturally slow down. Read two words, pause and imagine a picture, creating a sad atmosphere for people.
3. Can you analyze the turning sentences and paragraphs in the narrative?
Transition is a bridge connecting paragraphs of an article. Appropriate and ingenious transition plays an important role in the consistency of style, the meticulous layout and the naturalness of inheritance. Many excellent articles attach great importance to the art of transition. The analysis of turning sentences and turning paragraphs mainly starts from two aspects.
(1) Analyze the transition rule. Common transition methods are as follows: using words to transition; There is a sentence turning point; Use segmented transitions. For example, in the article "Praise of Poplar", the word however is used in the transition between the second paragraph and the third paragraph; The fourth part is the transitional part connecting the preceding with the following; In the fifth paragraph, another tree is used to strive for the upper reaches, with straight branches and branches.
(2) The role of body odor conversion. Transition, in the paragraphs and paragraphs of the article, threading the needle; Layers are closely connected and play the role of connecting the preceding with the following, which is what people often say. The main functions of narrative transition are as follows: ① Connecting different events or different scenes. For example, in "Praise of Poplar", the second paragraph changed from sleepy and monotonous plateau scenery to the third amazing poplar, with the word "natural face" in the middle. (2) the transformation between narration, discussion and lyricism. For example, the fourth paragraph of "Praise of the Poplar" was changed from discussion to concrete description in the fifth paragraph, with a turning point in the middle. ③ Changing different narrative methods. For example, "Hometown" was used when it changed from chronological narrative to episode, and it may soon have a transition to make the style coherent and natural.
Can you sort out the clues of the article?
The narrative clue is a thread that runs through the whole paper, which embodies the internal connection between materials and connects all materials into an organism. Therefore, inferring clues can straighten out the content of the article, master the structure of the article and understand the central idea of the article. As narrative clues, there can be many kinds.
(1) takes time as a clue. This kind of article takes the development of time as a clue to connect different time and space and people in series. Like a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd, a shepherd.
(2) Take things as clues. "antelope woodcarving" takes antelope woodcarving as a clue, and shows a different mentality of a family by asking about the plot of several woodcarvings returning woodcarving. Q: Do you want woodcarving or friendship?
(3) Take characters as clues. In an article with someone as a clue, someone is often the clue character in the article, but not necessarily the protagonist in the article. For example, I am a clue character in Hometown, and I organize materials through the clues of my return to my hometown and my departure from my hometown.
(4) Take emotion as a clue. This feeling can be straight or curved. For example, "My Teacher" takes the emotion of attachment, missing and love for Teacher Cai as a clue to make the article coherent.
5. Can you taste the expressions in the selected text and their functions?
Analyze the common expression techniques and functions of narrative, summarize and sort out the expression techniques, and understand according to the article. The common expression techniques and functions of narrative in junior high school mainly include the following categories.
(1) comparison. Use contrast to describe characters and portray personalities. Contrast two corresponding things to make the image more vivid and feel stronger. Mo Bosang's My Uncle Yule reveals their selfish, vulgar, greedy and cold personalities by comparing Philip and his wife's different attitudes towards Yule.
(2) sticking film. Highlight a main thing with some minor things as a foil, often used for comparison. It can play a little red role among the stars holding the moon. For example, in Mr. Fujino, the unreasonable provocation of Japanese patriotic youth is used to contrast Mr. Fujino's integrity, enthusiasm and no national prejudice.
(3) paving the way. Before the climax of the main characters and events comes, the description of the environment, emotions and atmosphere creates an artistic effect of the upcoming events. For example, Hometown describes the different lives of Runtu, my sister-in-law Yang Er and me, paving the way for the explanation of Road.
(4) foreshadowing is actually a hint of upcoming events, paving the way for the development of the plot. For example, in Hometown, when I first returned to my hometown, my mother said there was still a leap soil. Every time he comes to my house, he always asks about you and wants to see you. I have told him the approximate date when you will go home, and he may come soon. This is a foreshadowing, which not only points out the relationship between me and Runtu, but also implies that I will meet Runtu, making Runtu appear naturally behind me.
(5) Concern refers to the concern and response to the content before and after the article. The main ways are foreshadowing care, beginning or topic care and repeated care. It can make the structure of the article rigorous and accurate. For example, in the article "The Back", the back was written four times and the tears were written three times, which made the image of the back more touching.
(6) symbol. Express abstract thoughts and feelings with a concrete thing, make it visual and make the meaning to be expressed more subtle and profound. For example, Praise of Poplar describes in detail the image of poplar with straight branches and upward leaves on the Loess Plateau, showing its tenacious, upright and persevering spirit, thus symbolizing the simple, earnest, firm, unyielding and enterprising spirit and will of farmers in North China.
(7) exaggeration. A visual technique of deliberate exaggeration can highlight characters and strengthen feelings. Another example is the fairy tale "The Emperor's New Clothes", which also depicts the image of the emperor in an exaggerated way and satirizes the stupidity of the ruling class.
6. Can you summarize the personality characteristics or other characteristics of the characters?
The description of the characters' personality characteristics in narrative plays a role in expressing the characters' personality and revealing the theme of the works. Only by grasping the characters can we deeply understand the ideological content of the article and analyze the personality characteristics of the characters, which can be started from the following aspects.
(1) Start with the image description. The direct description of characters, also called positive description, begins with the direct description of portraits, movements, language, psychology and demeanor of characters. For example, Yang Er, the eldest sister-in-law in Hometown, has a vivid image. Through her compasses-like appearance and my impression of tofu beauty, the author depicts an insulted, hurt, selfish and sharp person through a series of performances, such as praising my vanity, being mean to me, despising the land and being greedy for petty gains.
(2) Start with the introduction. Character description, simply put, is to write the protagonist indirectly through the words and deeds of other characters. For example, in the article "Pear Blossom on the Post Road", the leading role, Pear Blossom Girl, never appeared, but the full text is all about the touching story of Pear Blossom Girl. Her spiritual quality is written through the introduction and description and everyone's evaluation of her.
(3) Start with the detailed description. Analyze and describe portraits, language, movements, clothing, facial changes and subtle differences between things and the environment. For example, last class, when describing Mr. Hamel's calligraphy class, details were used in many places, such as the copybook hanging on the iron desk, which set off the patriotic atmosphere in the classroom; The flying beetles did not affect the children's concentration on drawing thick lines and describing their love for Chinese characters.
(4) From the analysis of character relationship. We should not only grasp the central figure, but also analyze the relationship between the characters. For example, in "The Last Lesson", little Franz's thoughts and feelings towards Mr. Hamel changed: from being afraid of the teacher to understanding, sympathizing with and loving the teacher, making him feel that he had never been so tall. This change in the relationship between characters reflects the gradual maturity and strong patriotism of little Frans.
7. Can you understand the effect of comprehensive use of various expressions on expression?
Comprehensive expression is one of the main characteristics of narrative, that is, in addition to narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism are also used. The use of these expressions has its own obvious characteristics: narrative mainly explains facts, introduces people and things to readers, and describes people's activities, development and changes; Description refers to describing people, events and environment in vivid and vivid language in the process of narration, giving people a vivid and vivid impression; Description is a supplement to the narrative, explaining the parts that need to be explained in the narrative; Discussion is to express the author's point of view directly on the basis of narrative description, which plays the role of making the finishing point; Lyricity refers to expressing feelings beyond the author's control on the basis of narration. Understanding these characteristics is helpful to improve the ability of reading narration.
(1) The function of narration and description. For example, the description of Ralph's language in The Chameleon constitutes his chameleon image. The purpose of description in narrative is to visualize characters and shape living characters; The plot should be explained in words. Language description is sometimes used to promote plot development and explain what happened. For example, two or three days before the Mid-Autumn Festival in Kong Yiji, the shopkeeper took down the blackboard and said that Kong Yiji had not come for a long time. I still owe nineteen dollars. A conversation with a drinker, who knows, may die. He reappeared on Kong Yiji, sitting on the ground and coming with his hands propped up. This short dialogue omits a long narrative, and also shows the indifference of ordinary people to Kong Yiji's tragic fate.
(2) The function of narration and explanation. Description is a supplementary explanation in narrative, which generally requires concise words. For example, after the first four paragraphs described the depression scene in my hometown and the complicated mood when I saw my hometown, the fifth paragraph explained the purpose of returning home by way of explanation, saving a lot of narrative pen and ink.
(3) The function of narration and discussion. Narration and discussion are two important expressions, which are often used in the same article and have their own functions. "Step by step, step by step" is well combined with the last paragraph, which deepens the main idea of the article.