Chairman Mao loves to read Liu Yuxi’s epic poems
In the spring of 1975, *** was already over 80 years old. Once, he met a newly arrived staff member for the first time. After asking her her name, he asked her: "Can you recite Liu Yuxi's poem "Xisei Mountain Nostalgia"?" Then he recited sonorously and powerfully:
When Wang Ronglou's boat landed in Yizhou, the king of Jinling lost his temper.
Qianxun's iron lock sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag fell out of the stone?
Although the past has been forgotten several times in this life, Yamagata is still pillowed by the cold current.
From now on, the world is our home, so the fortress is rustling and the reeds are rustling in autumn.
It turned out that the staff member's name happened to be embedded in the last sentence of the poem, so *** quickly thought of this poem that he was familiar with.
Xisai Mountain is located near today's Wuchang, Hubei Province, on the edge of the Yangtze River. The terrain is dangerous and it is a famous military location in history. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, he launched a large-scale attack on Wu. Wang Rong, the governor of Yizhou, led the navy to attack from Shu and occupied Wuchang. He built huge warships and broke through the iron locks and other obstacles set up by Sun Hao, the last emperor of Wu, to block the river. They then went down the river and took the capital of Wu. Jianye (i.e. "Jinling" in the poem, today's Nanjing), Wu surrendered. The poet Liu Yuxi expressed his concern for the rise and fall of the country by remembering this thrilling fierce battle in history that led to the destruction of the Wu Kingdom. He pointed out that the situation of separatism and division could not last long, and reunification was an inevitable trend in history. *** I circled this poem six times. In front of the title of the poem "Annotations on Three Hundred Tang Poems", he drew a large circle, and then drew three small circles after the title. In front of the title of the poem in "Another Collection of Poems", he drew a large circle with a red pencil. The editor commented after the poem: "Shi Mengde, Yuan Weizhi, Wei Chuke, and Bai Letian each wrote poems about Jinling's nostalgia for the past. Mengde completed the poem, and Letian read it and said: 'Four people explored Lilong. The son got the pearl first, and the others all had claws. Then he stopped singing. "Mengde" is Liu Yuxi's character. *** This comment has been punctuated sentence by sentence. Liu Yuxi wrote many nostalgic poems lamenting the rise and fall of history, with a gloomy and desolate style, which *** often read in circles.
*** I really like reading Liu Yuxi’s insightful epic poems that use scenes to express emotions and use the past to describe the present. For example, regarding the poem "The Temple of the First Master of Shu", *** commented: "Slightly better." This poem is:
The heroic spirit of heaven and earth remains awe-inspiring for thousands of years.
The potential is divided into three tripods, and the industry is restored to five baht coins.
If you get a prime minister, you can build a country, but if you give birth to a son, you will not be like a virtuous man.
The desolate old singer from Shu came to dance in front of the Wei Palace.
The poet praised Liu Bei, the first master of Liu, and ridiculed Liu Chan, the master of Liu. The whole poem uses sharp contrasts to create a strong artistic contrast, allowing people to see a profound lesson in the rise and fall of ancient and modern times: it is difficult to start a business, and even more difficult to maintain success. This poem is written implicitly and concisely, with a historical theory nature.
The poem "Wuyi Lane" is the second of Liu Yuxi's famous poem "Five Titles of Jinling". Bai Juyi once "turned around and chanted bitterly and admired this poem for a long time." *** Circled six times. This poem is:
Wild grass and flowers beside Zhuque Bridge, the setting sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane.
In the old days, the king Xietang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people.
Zhuque Bridge is a bridge across the Huaihe River, the only way to Wuyi Lane. Wuyi Lane is the residence of Wang Dao and the Xie An family, the great aristocrats of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jinling City. It is named after the sons of Wang Dao and Xie An all wear black clothes. The poet uses the habit of migratory birds and swallows to know when they are returning to their nests to illustrate how the nests of the swallows remain the same, but the rich and nobles in the world have gone through vicissitudes and become ordinary people's homes. He laments the rise and fall of Wang Dao and Xie An's family, and uses the past to satirize the present. . The poem is profound and thought-provoking, and is Liu Yuxi's famous work.
Liu Yuxi was an outstanding poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi greatly admired his poetic talent and called him a "poetry hero" and a "national master". He lived during the historical turning point of the Tang Dynasty, during which the eunuchs were in power, vassal towns in all directions were separatist, land annexation was intensified, taxes were exorbitant and onerous, and the people suffered deeply. Liu Yuxi had great political ambitions to care about the country and the people. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong of the Tang Dynasty, he and Liu Zongyuan, under the leadership of Wang Shuwen, adopted a series of progressive political reform measures in response to current shortcomings, which became the famous "Yongzhen Reform" movement in history. This innovation was killed by conservatives in a very short time. After the failure of the revolution, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Lianzhou as the governor, and was later sent to Langzhou as the Sima. He also served as the governor of Kuizhou and Hezhou. In his later years, he returned to Luoyang and served as a guest of the prince. He was 71 years old. Liu Yuxi was demoted twice in his life and lived in exile for a long time. However, he never regretted his political ideas of innovation, was very firm and tenacious, and was a strong political figure.
Liu Yuxi has been in political adversity for a long time. In a mood of anger and sadness, he wrote many satirical poems. When he was demoted for the first time, he was only 23 years old. Ten years later, he was called back to Kyoto and wrote the famous poem "Viewing the Peach Blossoms in Xuandu":
When the red dust of Zimo comes, no one can help but Look at the flower return.
The thousands of peach trees in Xuandu Temple were all planted after Liu Lang left.
Xuandu Temple is a Taoist temple located in Chang'an City. "Liu Lang" refers to the poet himself.
This poem, also known as "From Langzhou to Beijing in the tenth year of Yuanhe, presents the play to all the gentlemen who watch the flowers". In fact, the poet uses peach blossoms as a metaphor for the new rich, implying that those who are prosperous for a while are nothing more than being squeezed out of the capital. In the following ten years, some of the people who were promoted were just followers and opportunists. The writing contained irony and contempt, which reflected the poet's indomitable fighting spirit. This poem angered the current dynasty, and Liu Yuxi was relegated to Lianzhou for being "sarcastic".
Fourteen long years passed, and the poet Liu Yuxi was recalled again and wrote the poem "Revisiting Xuandu Temple". The poet's introduction to this said: "Yu Zhenyuan was twenty-one When I was a member of the field camp, there were no flowers in the temple at that time. I went to Mu Lianzhou and lived in Langzhou for ten years. Everyone said that there was a Taoist who planted fairy peaches, and the whole temple was like red clouds. There is a previous chapter, which is about a temporary incident. It is now ten years since I visited Xuandu Temple again. Only the rabbits, sunflowers and oats were shaken by the spring breeze. Another twenty-eight characters are written for the time of the second year of Yamato. "The hundred acres of the garden are half covered with moss, and the peach blossoms are all gone. Where will the Taoist priest go?" Lang Jin is here again." Despite repeated political blows, the poet still wrote in a mocking tone: "Where will the peach-growing Taoist go? Liu Langjin is here again." "Peach-growing Taoist" refers to the person who killed the reform movement. Rulers, in the more than ten years since Liu Yuxi was demoted, the emperors changed four times, from Xianzong, Mu Zong, Jingzong to Wenzong. Those upstarts who were once prosperous but fell due to political changes have also been eliminated one after another. Only the poet "Liu Lang" who had been demoted and persecuted for a long time was unyielding. He visited Xuandu again and faced the natural changes in the past and present. His calm observation and thinking inspired him to scorn and ridicule his political opponents and strengthened his belief. Politically, we are not afraid of the will of the Communist Party. This satirical poem is pungent and implicit, with profound and meaningful poetry. *** loves to read it and once wrote it in handwriting.
Liu Yuxi is a poet and a thinker with simple materialism. In addition to writing articles such as "The Theory of Heaven" to explain his philosophical thoughts, his poems often sparkle with philosophical ideas. Brilliance. In 1959, when talking to the staff around him, *** said: Liu Zongyuan is a materialist philosopher, and Liu Yuxi developed this materialism after seeing his "Tian Dui". In "Xun Shi Bie Cai An Xun", *** used a red pencil to draw a large circle on the name of the poet Liu Yuxi; next to it, he used a black pencil to draw a heavy emphasis line; In the poem "Seeing the Gift", circled annotations were made in red and black handwriting. This poem is:
Bashan Chushui is a desolate place, abandoned for twenty-three years.
Nostalgically reciting the poems on the flute in the air, and when I go to the countryside to read them, I feel like a dead person.
Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of trees spring in front of the diseased trees.
Listen to a song of Junge today, and just have a glass of wine to keep your spirits up.
*** Use a red pencil to draw a circle in front of the title of this poem. Use a red pencil to draw next to the two lines in the poem: "Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees grow in front of the diseased tree." Focus on the line. Then I used a black pencil to draw circles before the first line of the poem, and added circles after each line. The editor's note reads: "Shen Zhou's second words, he saw that people and things are uneven, and nature is no different. After understanding this purpose, you will never have a sense of injustice throughout your life." *** This annotation is broken. Underlined under "There is no such thing as creation", annotation: "This interpretation is wrong." *** The reason why he said this interpretation is wrong is because he believes that the editor did not understand the spirit of the poem. . This poem by the poet was written in the winter of the second year of Baoli by Emperor Jingzong of the Tang Dynasty, when he was sent back to Beijing from Hezhou and met Bai Juyi in Yangzhou. The poem "Thousands of sails pass by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees grow in front of the diseased tree". Although it compares itself to a "sinking boat" and a "sick tree", it points out that personal stagnation is nothing and the world still has to move forward. This undoubtedly has a dialectical materialist perspective and is positive. The editor understands it as a negative and powerless philosophy of life in the face of fate, which is obviously a misinterpretation of the poet's original intention. *** disagrees with this interpretation, stating that it "is wrong." In December 1958, *** in the outline of his speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, there was a question about two possibilities. He pointed out that there are two possibilities for the consolidation and division of the party, and the victory or destruction of the People's Republic of China. But the division of the former and the destruction of the latter are both temporary. The destruction of the bourgeoisie in the world is permanent. Here he quoted the poem "Thousands of sails passed by the side of the sunken boat, and thousands of spring trees in front of the diseased trees" to emphasize this argument. It can be seen how much *** appreciates this poem.
Liu Yuxi, who has been living in the Shushui area of ??Bashan for a long time, has the opportunity to be extensively exposed to the sufferings of the people, which gives his poetry creation a certain ideological quality; on the other hand, he draws artistic nourishment from the folk songs of those places, Therefore, his poetry creation has a new style. His "Ling Zhuzhi Ci", "Yangliu Branch Ci", etc. all have the fresh and cheerful mood of folk songs and the loud and harmonious rhythm of the music, and the emotions expressed are sincere, delicate and implicit. *** There are circles for this type of poem.