1, ice and snow use the crystal of ice and snow to compare loyalty and noble character. For example, "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot." (Wang Changling's Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Inn) Bing Xin: A noble soul. The ancients used "as clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's open and aboveboard mind.
2, the moon misses the moon-causing parting and homesickness. For example, "looking up, I found that it was moonlight, and then sinking, I suddenly remembered home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking) For example, "The small building was easterly again last night, so my country could not bear to look back on the bright moon." (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") Looking at the moon and thinking about the old country shows the special pain of the monarch who has perished. For example, "There are 300,000 people in the village, and I look back at the moon for a while." Hundreds of thousands of soldiers in moraine, desert and vast desert all looked up at the rising moon for a time and could not restrain their homesickness.
3. Willows fold willows to bid farewell. Since the Han Dynasty, people have often expressed their feelings of parting by folding willows, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers. Because of the homophonic sound of "willow" and "willow", the ancients often used folding willows to express their deep feelings of farewell. This custom began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing. In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country. Surrounded by willows, Baling Bridge became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. For example, the poem "Willow leaves every year, Baling is sad to leave" was used by later generations as the source of farewell allusions. Therefore, there are poems in the text, "Qingyang is more separated from strangers." In "Lin Yuling", Liu Yong expresses the sadness of parting with "Where to wake up after drinking tonight, Yang Liuan, where the wind is resting". "When I hear the sound of the flute breaking the willow, I don't see the spring scenery", which means that the tune of "breaking the willow" in the flute spreads far away, but I don't see the willow green and spring scenery, so as to express my feelings of sighing for the spring. "Who can't afford to miss home?" It's about hearing the tune of "folding willow" tonight. Who doesn't miss his hometown?
4. Cicada is virtuous. The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character. "Tang Poetry" says: "Every time a cicada sings, it respects its nature." Because cicadas live on high branches, eat wind and sleep outdoors, and don't eat fireworks, so their moral character belongs to lofty type. A political prisoner is listening to Luo's Cicada: "Who knows if he is still singing?" Li Shangyin's Cicada: I am pure in mind, so I long to live a pure life like you. Yu Shinan's Cicada: "It is not the autumn wind that makes you aloof." They all use cicadas as a metaphor for noble morality.
5. Vegetation contrasts desolation with vegetation prosperity to express ups and downs. For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, wheat is green." (Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow") "The old garden is barren, and Yang Liuxin and Lingge can't sing in spring." The willows in the wasteland of Wujiuyuan have sprouted new branches (desolation). In retrospect, the scenery here is more beautiful than in spring. Here, lush willows set off desolation. "It's spring when the grass is green in front of the steps, and birds are singing happily under the leaves."