There are several plum trees in the corner, and Ling Han blooms alone.
I know it’s not snow from afar, because there is a faint fragrance coming.
The ancients often used these images in such a pattern: bamboo was mostly painted with bones, and the realm was all in it. Some words were mixed with the mottled texture of bamboo to blend the unevenness of the text, which is called freehand brushwork in the scenery. If you use painting to describe the pine tree, the association in the painting posture will be all in the pine posture; if you use poetry to write about the spirit, the pine posture will be all in your imagination; in painting and poetry, the posture will show the spirit, which is all about borrowing objects to express ambition. Plant orchids, plant them in pots in the courtyard, and the fragrance will fly in the study. The fragrance of orchids is clear, and the fragrance of books is elegant. It is called indifferent and elegant. And plum blossoms, like pine trees, can be poemed and painted. The difference is that pine trees convey the spirit in paintings, while plum blossoms convey the spirit in poems. In addition, plum blossoms seem to have all the characteristics of the other three "gentlemen": as thin as bamboo, as colorful as pine, and as fragrant as orchid. Therefore, among the "Four Gentlemen", plum blossom expresses a particularly rich artistic conception in the poem. Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossoms" outlines a few plum blossoms in just a few lines, which expresses all these characteristics. In imagery, pine often performs a one-man show, and the environment is only a foil. The main thing is to look at the posture of the pine. However, the plum is different. The plum often needs to be combined with the environment. Of course, in ink paintings, the environment can be blank, but this is an environment. Rather hazy.
In "Plum Blossom", the word "corner" is used to highlight the environment, which is extremely vivid and artistic. The corner of the wall looks particularly deserted, and the space seems small. In fact, the author takes the corner as the center and expands an infinite space. It is the emptiness that lies outside the corner. When I see the corner, I think of emptiness. The combination of "several branches" and "corner" is very natural, showing the thinness of the plum, and naturally reminds me of the posture of "several branches of plum". The word "Ling Han" exaggerates a special atmosphere. The cold wind does not blur the imaginary vision, but drives away the imaginary blur, bringing the freshness of winter's pool. Therefore, whether it is a straight plum or a straight plum, the reader will always feel that there is a clear picture of several shaped plums in his mind. The three words "open alone" cleverly separate the small world of plum blossoms from the outside world like a sword cutting a watershed. The plum blossoms are unique and "horizontal" (the plum branches are not "standing"), and the pure and elegant image of the plum blossoms floats away. to. "You know it's not snow from a distance." Snowflakes and plum blossoms are a "golden partner" in nature. The two complement each other, are similar and blend together, and seem to be one. The author clearly "sees" that "it is not" and "knows it remotely". Why? "For there is a secret fragrance coming." "Secret Fragrance" is colorless, but adds a hazy color to the picture. The clarity and haziness are intertwined, just like a hole shining in the snow, causing a flickering movement. It's also like a wisp of smoke floating in the air, moving forward in waves and crossing the plum branches. The author uses sporadic pen and ink to unfold the artistic conception layer by layer, and a few real writings mention the infinite virtual scenery, and the spirit of plum blossom is also expressed vividly. The author's fascination also fascinates the readers.
Because of the purity and elegance of plum blossoms, people often use plum blossoms to describe people with noble character.
2
Yimei Li Shangyin
< p> Stay at the end of the world, and look towards the beauty of things.The winter plum blossoms are the most detestable. They grow like last year’s flowers.
Appreciation
This is Li Shangyin's later work in Zizhou. It was written in the spring when hundreds of flowers are blooming, and the winter plum blossoms have already bloomed, so it is titled "Remembering the Plum Blossoms".
At the beginning, the poet's thoughts were not on the plum blossoms, but on the pain of staying in a foreign land. Zizhou (the state is located in Santai, Sichuan today) is more than 1,800 miles away from Chang'an. Due to the vast territory of the Tang Dynasty, it was called "the end of the world". It was not so much geographical as it was psychological. Li Shangyin came to Zizhou in response to Liu Zhongying's suggestion when his official career was blocked and his wife died. Living alone in a foreign land and staying in the shogunate, I already felt lonely and depressed. I didn't expect to live there for several years. You can imagine how boring and depressed I felt. "Dwell at the end of the world" is the voice of this painful soul. Determined, like "deadly" or "firmly", the poet feels as if he has been nailed to this foreign land forever. Here, there is intense depression, indescribable boredom, and helpless sadness. Qu Fu said: "The word 'dingding' is a slang word that enters poetry but is elegant." This "elegant" seems to be understood as being rich in artistic expression.
The poet, who was suffering from homesickness and sadness of being left behind, had to seek solace mentally, so he moved on to the second sentence: "Yiyi looks toward the beauty of things." The beauty of things refers to the beautiful spring scenery in front of him. Yiyi describes the feeling of lingering affectionately in the face of beautiful spring scenery. The poet seems to be temporarily comforted by the blooming spring scenery, and a tenderness of infinite attachment to beautiful things arises from deep in his heart. In the first and second sentences, the feelings seem to be completely opposite. In fact, the feeling of "Yiyi Xiangwuhua" is born from "fixed and settled in the end of the world", but the two opposite feelings are connected.
"The winter plum blossoms are the most hateful. They grow like last year's flowers." In the third and fourth sentences, the poem takes a greater turn. Facing the colorful "wuhua", the poet couldn't help but think of plum blossoms. It blooms in spring first, but when the flowers are in full bloom, the flowers wither early and lose their fragrance. The poet feels regretful and can't help but resent it. Recalling plum blossoms from "looking at the beauty of things" is a layer of twists and turns; remembering plum blossoms and hating plum blossoms is another layer of twists and turns. "Hate" is the development and deepening of "memory", just as the disappointment of deep expectations will turn into resentment.
But this is just the psychology of ordinary people. For Li Shangyin, there was a more intrinsic reason.
The characteristics of "winter plums" that bloom first in spring and then wither in the spring, make the poet naturally think of himself: a young man who is wise and early, has an early literary name, and has an early career. However, what follows is a series of misfortunes and blows. After entering Sichuan, he had already "restrained himself to serve the Buddha, only to be willing to ring the bell and sweep the floor as a walker in Qingliang Mountain" ("Preface to the Collection of Fan Nan Yi"), and his mood was quite depressed. Isn't this "cold plum" that shows up early and withers first, and cannot enjoy the warmth of spring with all the flowers? Isn't it the poet's own portrayal? In the poem "Plum Blossoms in Fufengjie Fengjie in Mid-November", the poet also made the same exclamation: "For whom do they bloom early? They don't wait for the new year to bloom." The early plum blossoms don't show early from time to time, "but don't wait for the new year to bloom". and the "winter plum blossoms" that "grow as last year's flowers" are both symbols of the poet's unfortunate life experience. Just because seeing or thinking about it will touch the sorrow of early show and wither, the poet will naturally complain that "winter plum blossoms are the most hateful". When the poem is written here, it ends sadly, revealing a silent and sad mood.
Five-character quatrains should be composed naturally and coherently, and should not be deliberately carved or have twists and turns. This poem "Recalling Plum Blossoms" has "extremely twists and turns in its meaning" (Ji Yun's comment), but it does not give people a sense of being loose, fragmented, or sculpted and unreal. The key is that the twists and turns are inseparable from the poet's life experience. In this way, we can subtly turn inward, see unity in the twists and turns, see unity in the multiplicity, and reach the state of being without traces.
3 Early Plum Blossoms
Qi Ji
Thousands of trees are about to break due to the cold,
The solitary root is warm and alone returns.
In the deep snow in Qiancun,
A branch bloomed last night.
The wind carries the delicate fragrance,
The birds peek at the beautiful scenery.
As expected next year,
Wangchuntai will be the first place to visit.
Poetry and Prose Appreciation
Qi is a child of a poor family in the countryside. He has been studying while herding cattle since he was a child, and he studies very hard. A few years later, he was able to recite poems and compose poems, and was discovered by the elder of the temple, who took him into the temple and became a monk. One winter, there had just been a heavy snowfall. Qi went out early in the morning and was attracted by the white snow in front of him. Suddenly, several primrose flowers in front of him attracted primulas to sing around the plum blossoms. Qi was already attracted by this. I was stunned by the scenery. After returning to the temple, I immediately wrote the poem "Early Plum Blossoms".
This is a poem about things. The language of the whole poem is light and smooth without any flashy air. It depicts the proud character and plain charm of plum blossoms with implicit brushwork, creating a lofty realm to entrust one's ideals with profound implications.
4 Mo Mei Wang Mian
The trees beside the inkstone washing pond in my house have blooming flowers with faint ink marks.
Don’t let anyone praise you for your good color, just leave the pure air to fill the universe.
Appreciation 1
This is a poem on painting. Mo Mei is the plum blossom in ink painting. The poet praises the virtue of plum blossoms, which do not ask for praise from others, but only wish to leave fragrance to the world. In fact, they use the plum blossoms to express their own attitude towards life and their noble sentiments of not flattering the world.
The first two sentences, "My family washes inkstones on the tree at the head of the pond, and the flowers bloom with faint ink marks" directly describe the plum blossom. In the painting, the plum trees beside the small pond are in full bloom, and the blossoming plum blossoms are dyed with light ink. "Washing the inkstone pool" is an allusion to Wang Xizhi's allusion of "Linside the pool to study calligraphy, the pool water is completely black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, so he said "my family".
Three or four sentences praising Mo Mei for her noble character and integrity. It is painted with light ink. Although it is not delicate in appearance, it has an inner temperament of pure bones, nobility and dignity, and solitude and elegance. It does not want to use bright colors to attract people, please people, and seek praise from people. May a fragrance spread out and remain between heaven and earth. These two sentences are exactly the poet's self-portrait. Wang Mian was poor since he was a child. He herded cattle during the day and went to the Buddhist temple to study hard at night. Finally, he learned a lot of economics and was good at poetry and painting, and was versatile. However, he failed in repeated attempts and was unwilling to curry favor with the powerful, so he gave up on fame and fortune and retired to Jiuli Mountain in eastern Zhejiang, where he made a living by painting. The two sentences "Don't let people praise the good color, just leave the pure air to fill the world" express the poet's despising the popular customs, being alone, and admiring himself.
This poem is titled "Mo Mei", which is intended to describe aspirations. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetic style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms, actually praising one's own moral integrity.
A pool for washing inkstones after writing and drawing. Wang Xizhi has a legend that "when he came to the pond to study calligraphy, the water in the pond turned black." This allusion is used here. The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty, so he said "my family".
5 Appreciation of Wang Mian's "White Plum"
This body is worn in the ice and snow forest, not like peaches and plums mixed with fragrant dust.
Suddenly, the fragrance spreads all night long, spreading like spring throughout the universe.
This poem praises the noble character of Bai Mei. She grows in the severe winter of ice and snow, and blooms proudly, not to be confused with peach and plum flowers. Suddenly the flowers bloomed overnight, and their fragrance spread throughout the world. The poet not only sings about things, but also sings about people's spiritual character.
White plum blossoms grow in the severe winter of ice and snow. They bloom proudly and are not to be confused with peach and plum flowers. Suddenly the flowers bloomed overnight, and their fragrance spread throughout the world.
6
Early plum blossoms
Early plum blossoms grow on tall trees, reflecting the blue sky of Chu (1).
The night fragrance blows in the early morning (2), and the frost nourishes the dawn.
If you want to give me thousands of gifts, you will be separated by mountains and rivers (3).
Han Ying is in ruins (4), what use is there to comfort distant visitors (5).
Notes:
[1] Jiǒng embarrassment: far away. Chutian: the sky of Chudi. Yongzhou belonged to Chu land in ancient times, and most of Liu's poems referred to Yongzhou as "Chu".
[2] Shuochui: the blowing north wind.
[3]杳杳 (yǎo yǎo bite): so far away that there is no end.
[4] Hanying: flower, Hanying refers to the flowers that bloom in the cold winter. Sitting: Here it means immediately, that is, soon, very quickly. Fall off: wither, scatter.
[5] Heyong: That is, what is used, with the object in front.
Today's translation:
The wintersweet blooms early on the tall trees,
The flowers reflect the blue southern sky.
The north wind blows wisps of fragrance at night,
The frost in the morning nourishes the white beauty of the flowers.
I want to give flowers to relatives and friends thousands of miles away.
The journey is long and blocked by mountains and rivers.
The flowers will wither in the cold wind,
What can be used to comfort the distant guests?
Appreciation:
Plum blossoms stand proud of the frost and snow and fight the severe cold. They have always been the object of poets' singing, and plum blossoms are often used as metaphors to express the author's taste. This is exactly what Liu Zongyuan did. In his poem "Early Plum", he expressed his arrogant and noble character and indomitable fighting spirit by describing the beauty of plum blossoms blooming early in the severe frost and cold wind.
The whole poem is divided into two levels of meaning, the first four sentences chanting things, and the last four sentences expressing feelings. "Early plum blossoms bloom on tall trees, reflecting the clear blue sky." The starting point of the pen is extraordinary and the strokes are abrupt. Early plum blossoms are different from other flowers. Their flower buds bloom in the cold winter when everything is silent. "All the flowers have fallen and bloomed alone" (Lin Bu's "Little Plum in the Mountain Garden"). The word "Fa" vividly displays the image of Zaomei, with her head held high and full of vitality, before the readers' eyes. The high and vast blue sky in the background not only reflects the color of the plum blossoms, but also highlights its elegance and unusualness. The word "gao" in "Fa Gaoshu" uses reality to write imaginary, implying that the poet does not conform to the popular customs and is higher than the people of his time. "The late morning breeze carries the fragrance of the night, and the heavy frost nourishes the morning whiteness." Following the first two sentences, it describes the harsh environment in which the plum blossoms bloom, showing the extraordinary character of the plum blossoms. These two lines of poetry are consistent with the quatrain of Lu You's "Falling Plum Blossoms": "The snow blows and the wind becomes more awe-inspiring, and the integrity of the flowers is the highest." They both praise the unyielding character of plum blossoms that look down upon frost and snow. The "Shuo Chui" and "Complex Frost" in the environment of Early Plum Blossoms are actually the epitome of the political environment Liu Zongyuan encountered. After the failure of the "Yongzhen Reform", Liu Zongyuan was demoted to the remote and backward southern wilderness, living like a prisoner and suffering severe physical and mental torture. In the face of continuous blows from the corrupt forces, he always adhered to his ideals and had firm self-confidence. He said: "If you stick to the way of the sages, start from the big and the middle, even if you are rejected by everything, you will never change it." ("Answers") Zhou Jun's Nest of Bait Medicine and Longevity Book")
The author saw the lovely and respectable plum blossoms and thought of his relatives and friends far away, so he borrowed things to express his feelings: "I want to give gifts thousands of miles away, but mountains and rivers separate me, and Hanying is lying there. , Why use it to comfort distant visitors?" The first two sentences are translated from Lu Kai's poem "When I met the post official, I sent it to the people in Longtou. I have nothing in the south of the Yangtze River, just give me a spring branch", but the meaning is different. Lu's poems are free and easy, while Liu's poems are melancholy. This is because the circumstances in which Liu Zongyuan wrote poems are different from those of Lu Kai. After Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou, "crimes and slanders were intertwined, and suspicions prevailed." "Old ministers" no longer dared to communicate with him. Liu Zongyuan, who was struggling to live in loneliness and loneliness, missed his relatives and friends so much! So I thought of folding plum blossoms as gifts, but my relatives and friends were thousands of miles away, so it was impossible to deliver them. In addition to geographical reasons, there are also political reasons. As a "prisoner", he cannot harm his relatives and friends. What's more, "if Hanying is in a deserted place, why comfort distant guests?" Liu Zongyuan associates it with Mei's early bloom and early fall. When you think about your life experience and your situation, why don't you worry about it and how can you not be anxious? Precisely because he was worried about its early growth and early fall, Liu Zongyuan also encouraged and pushed himself. In fact, although he was forced to leave the political stage in Yongzhou, he continued to strive for self-improvement and spent his "idle" time on visiting books, carefully studying and summarizing his practice in the first half of his life, writing vigorously, and making significant theoretical contributions. He made great achievements in literature. This is his comfort to his relatives and friends. The thoughts and feelings expressed in the four lines of the poem "Wish to give gifts for thousands of miles" are very complex, including longing for relatives and friends, but also the pain of the injustice experienced by oneself and the failure to realize the ideal of "helping time and material things".
Liu Zongyuan was a man who was extremely devoted to the world and unwilling to be lonely. However, he lived a life in Yongzhou away from political activities and wandering around the mountains and rivers. The pain caused by his demotion always stirred up in his heart and was reflected in his heart. In his poetry, as Mr. Sun Changwu said, there is a "unity of simplicity and refreshingness in expression and deep and fierce inner emotion." This poem is like this, using simple and sparse words to describe the early plum blossoms standing proudly in the wind and frost, heads held high and open. The image of the poet expresses the poet's emotions. The indescribable things seem to be in front of his eyes, and there are endless opinions behind the words. Mei's character is integrated with the author's personality. It is implicit and subtle, with deep and tormented feelings, giving people a strong impression. The appeal of
7
Early Plum Blossoms
Southern Dynasty·Xie Xie
Welcome the spring, so it starts early, and you don’t mind the cold alone.
Afraid of falling behind the flowers, no one cares to look at them.
In order to welcome the arrival of spring, plum blossoms bloom alone without fear of severe cold, wind and snow. But his persistence was ignored.
The poet grasped the word "morning" and used the word "suspicious" and "fear", which express the psychological state, to write about the plum blossom's strong character and indomitable enterprising spirit that is not afraid of the severe cold. , cleverly expresses the poet's feelings of being unappreciated and lonely.
Orchid":
Fu Xuan's "Autumn Orchid"
Autumn orchids reflect the jade pond, and the water in the pond is clear and fragrant. The hibiscus blossoms in the wind, with two mandarin ducks among them.
Pisces are eager to fly, and two birds are flying back. During the Nine Autumn Period, you and your concubine share the same clothes.
Xu Fengzhi
Bow down and wave the plain waves, raise your head and hold up the fragrant orchid. I still miss the guests, but I hope the wind will sigh forever.
"Bamboo":
The south wind came today and disturbed the bamboos in front of the courtyard. The low-pitched alto will be heard, and the armor blades will touch each other.
Xiao Ran's wind and snowy mood can be broken but not humiliated. Fengji bamboo has returned, and Yiyi has scattered green jade.
Where is the old mountain now? The autumn rain is barren of hedges and chrysanthemums. If you know whether you are healthy or not, please return to sweep Nanxuan Green.
——Written in Huzhou in the second year of Yuanfeng (1020)
In Qianseng Luyunxuan
Su Shi of the Song Dynasty
Can To eat without meat, and to live without bamboo. No meat makes you thin, and no bamboo makes you vulgar.
Those who are thin can still gain weight, but scholars and common people cannot cure it. Others laughed at this statement, as if they were too high-minded and foolish.
If you don’t chew this, there will be no Yangzhou crane in the world. "Selected Notes on Su Shi's Poems"
"Chrysanthemum":
Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum
The lion and dragon are soaring into the sky, once again glorious and powerful! The alleys and streets are filled with fragrance, and the chrysanthemums bloom on the desks in September.
Tao Yuanming
The house is in a human environment, without the noise of cars and horses. I ask you, what can you do? The mind is far away from itself.
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can see the Nanshan Mountain leisurely. The mountain air is getting better day by day and the birds are flying back and forth.
There is a true meaning in this, but I have forgotten to explain it.
Sighing on the chamomile flowers in front of the courtyard Du Fu
The chamomile in front of the courtyard moves late, and the green pistils cannot be picked during the Double Ninth Festival. What's the use of the remaining flowers blooming if you wake up from the depression tomorrow?
There are many fragrant flowers in the wild beside the fence, and I picked them carefully and brought them up to the middle hall. The branches and leaves grow in the air, and the roots are lost and entangled in the wind and frost.