First, learning materials
Du Fu (712-77), with beautiful words, was named Shaoling Yelao, No.1 Du Lingye Lao and Du Lingbu Yi, who were known as Du Shaoling in the world, and his works collection Du Gongbu Collection. He wrote more than 1,5 poems, was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was a pioneer in the poetic style of Han Yuefu. His poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness, people's sufferings, and poetic style. Depressed and frustrated? Du Fu lived in the historical period of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and his poems were praised as? History of poetry? Later generations addressed him as? Poet saint? .
Du Fu's family is prominent. His grandfather was Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He studied poetry at the age of 7. A group of books is often recited in secret? 15 years old, famous, ambitious? To jun Yao shun, and then to make customs chun? . Roaming at the age of 2, roaming again after five years, meeting Li Bai twice and forming a deep friendship.
35-year-old Du Fu went to Chang 'an to take an exam, but Li Linfu, a traitor, got in the way. None of the candidates were admitted, so he had no way to make progress and lived. At the gate of the rich, at dusk with the fat horse dust? A humiliating life. After the official? You Wei led the government (zh? U) Cao joined the army? (Mainly a small official who guards the weapons of war and the keys of the Treasury). During this period, he saw the people's suffering and the evil of the ruling class, and wrote a realistic masterpiece, "From Beijing to Fengxian County, 5 words". It is his new understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
An Shi Rebellion broke out in 755 AD. (Du Fu, 43 years old) fled to Emperor Su Zong (Li Heng), was captured by the rebels on the way, and was taken to Chang 'an. After absconding, with Su Zong, do? Left gleaning? (Pick up what the emperor missed, which means that the policy decision was wrong, and the official position is not big, probably about seven or eight grades). I am honest and straightforward, and I am angry and want to blame. Fortunately, I have to take it off. In the meantime, he wrote immortal poems such as Spring Hope, Three Officials and Three Farewells.
in 759 ad, he abandoned his official position, moved his family to the west, and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of others, he built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in the west of the city. Du Fu Caotang? , also called? Huanhuacaotang? After a relatively stable life, in 761, he wrote "The Cottage is Broken by the Autumn Wind", during which he worked as an aide (Du Fu was appointed as a foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry and Technology, so people respectfully called him? Du Gongbu? )。 After that, I moved around and lived? Life is like everyone else? Life, wandering around. In 77 AD, the poet died in a boat in Xiangjiang River.
(note: from? Teach? From a new perspective, the teacher prepares lessons to consult and sort out materials, paving the way for the teaching of this poem. Poetry teaching in junior high school can't just stop at? Reading, interpreting and reciting? In the three links, we must combine the poet's experience and social background to deeply interpret poetry. At the same time, I also try to approach the poet's unique life from the study of poetry and gain more life insights. From? Learn? From a new perspective, it is necessary to cultivate students' awareness of collecting information around the theme, teach students the methods of sorting out information, and train students' ability to refine information. )
Second, the learning content and process
(1) Preview the learning materials, and the requirements are as follows:
* The teacher writes on the blackboard.
* Clarify the genre of this poem: Gexing style, a kind of ancient poetry, also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, which was established in the early Tang Dynasty on the basis of Yuefu poems in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, flourished in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the title contains? Song? Or? Ok? Or? Yin? Or? Ok? Word. The characteristics are that syllables and meter are generally free, and the form often adopts the ancient style of five-character, seven-character and miscellaneous words, with the first-person perspective and direct narration. After the Tang Dynasty, poetry can be divided into two categories: ancient poetry and modern poetry, also known as metrical poetry and modern poetry (including metrical poetry and quatrains)
1. Read the materials and words by yourself before class (or during class), circle the key (words and expressions) information with a pen and write it down in a notebook.
2. learn around the materials, and put it in brief words? Me? Know Du Fu or? Me? What's your impression of Du Fu?
tip: available? Is Du Fu a good person? Or? I admire Du Fu's? Sentence expression.
(note: remember the main points of knowledge with keywords, and use? Appreciate? A preliminary perception of du fu's image. When students are engaged in self-study activities, the teacher should make a patrol, and at the same time, check the effect of students' self-study annotations, collect existing problems, and analyze and think after preparing lessons. )
3. Let students communicate briefly: circle the notes and their impressions of Du Fu.
(2) The requirements for learning poetry are as follows:
(Doubt: If this process is followed, only one poem can be learned in one class. If Five Poems are completed in two or three classes, I think the learning is too shallow. Consider
learning five poems slowly, giving them learning methods, and leaving more preview homework for students to finish after class. Is that okay? )
1. Read through the text
(1) Students read poems by themselves, circle the sounds that are difficult to read, and ask their classmates for advice in time.
difficult words sound: howling () triple () hanging () Tang 'ao () leaning (yǐ) stick
I'm sorry (qǐng) lying in a big shelter () suddenly () see () this room <
(3) Read the whole poem together (loudly and accurately).
(4) Old normal school students read (pay attention to intonation and emotion).
(5) Boys and girls read the poem sentence by sentence in turn (it is required to read it in the tone of the poem, speak slowly, and read the sense of cadence).
2. Understand the meaning of the poem and the main content of the poem
(1) Students refer to notes and reference books, read sentence by sentence and say their own understanding.
(Requirements: Remind students not to directly translate the meaning of materials, and try to refer to the notes to express their own understanding. If they feel difficult, they can check the translation of materials. Encourage students to discuss or ask questions from teachers, which is so impressive and effective. )
(2) Self-test the questions in class to understand the meaning of words (requirements: complete the questions without reading the explanatory materials, the difficulties are empty, and the teachers and students discuss clearly).
A triple thatch with a tall b hangs on the top of a long forest. C can't stand it
D can't openly e-call F-direction blackness
G can't sleep in the dark. Why can I lie down?
J can't stand K can't stand it.
(3) According to the understanding of poetry and words, read the whole poem together with emotion.
(Ask students to understand the author's situation, mood, integrate into the role, and read emotions)
3. Understand the content and level of poetry.
(1) Poetry is mainly composed of seven words. Please try to compress the poem of seven words (nine words) into three words. It is required to combine the words in the selected sentences into three sentences, and the meaning is
clear. Example:? Autumn wind? Heavy hair? Mao feisa
(2) according to the refined three-character poems, divide the levels of poems and summarize their meanings (also try to summarize them concisely with three characters).
4. Walk into the poet's inner world
(1) The poem is entitled? The hut was broken by the autumn wind? , combined with the information content, understand the poet's living conditions and situation before the hut was blown out?
(2) the poet calls? Nancun group children? For? Thieves? How to understand the poet's complaint? Come back and sigh? , the poet? Sigh?
what does it contain? Try to understand the expression:
(3) What words in the poem can best describe the poet's life situation after the hut was blown out? Bitter?
(4) How do the last four sentences of the poem express the poet's feelings? What kind of life sentiment does it give us?
(Note: Question design is from? Background situation, situational mood, suffering? Sad? Words, themes, feelings and feelings about life? In-depth understanding of the poet's inner world. Teachers and students exchange answers, and the teacher points them out. )
5. What is Du Fu's poetic style? Depressed and frustrated? His poems are known as? History of poetry? Later generations addressed him as? Poet saint? . Please combine this poem to talk about your own opinions. History of poetry? 、? Poet saint? 、? Depressed and frustrated? Understanding?
(3) Homework arrangement after class: 1. Recite and memorize the whole poem. 2. done? Class design? Go to the topic.