Second, the extended answer:
1. Introduction: The Three Musts was written by Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. In the winter of the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Guo Ziyi recovered Chang 'an and Luoyang. Soon, Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi and Wang Sili waited for our 9 troops to advance and attacked the An Qingxu rebels with 200,000 troops in Ye Jun (Xiangzhou, now Anyang, Henan). The situation is very gratifying. However, the fatuous Su Zong did not trust Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi and other leaders. There is no commander-in-chief in each army, but only eunuchs are sent to comfort Chao En. As a result, the army was not unified and morale was low. The two armies were at loggerheads until the following spring, when Shi Siming reinforcements arrived and Tang Jun was defeated in Yecheng. Guo Ziyi surrendered to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and fled to our town for the rest of the time. In order to supplement the troops, the Tang dynasty smoked heavily. Du Fu is now returning to Huazhou from Luoyang. He personally heard and witnessed the painful scene of people's death after this fiasco, and after artistic refinement, he wrote poems such as Three Officials and Three Farewells.
2. About the author: Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province in the Tang Dynasty (now gongyi city, Zhengzhou, Henan Province), and was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in a family of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" for generations, with profound family knowledge. The early works mainly show the ideal, ambition and expected life path. On the other hand, it shows his political ideal of "respecting the monarch and following it, and then making the vulgar pure". Many works in this period reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood and political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. Since then, he has embarked on a life and creative road of worrying about the country and the people. With the increasingly corrupt politics in the later period of Tang Xuanzong, his life became increasingly impoverished and disappointed. During his wandering life, Du Fu created such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.