In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Yin Zhen entered the Shangshufang at the age of six, and studied the Four Books and Five Classics and Manchu from Xu. The closest relationship with Yin Zhen is Gu Eight Dynasties. Yin Zhen said that he was "good in character and academic integrity". In his youth and youth, Yin Zhen was strictly controlled by his father and master, and engaged in learning with the four books and five classics as the main content. During this period, he also wrote poems such as Spring Reading and Summer Reading. A little longer, I went on patrol with Emperor Kangxi and was ordered to handle some political affairs. At the age of sixteen, he accompanied his third brother Yin Zhi to the Confucius Temple in Qufu. In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi (1696), 19-year-old Yin Zhen followed Emperor Kangxi to conquer galdan and took charge of Zhenghongqi camp. Yin Zhen didn't take part in this battle, but he was very concerned about it, and wrote Reading Wolves in Xushan and Two Odes to Merit, praising Naifu's fighting achievements. He also went to Zunhua Temporary Anfengtang to offer sacrifices to Empress Xiaozhuangwen. In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), he was named Baylor at the age of twenty-one. The 23-year-old Emperor Kangxi inspected the Yongding River site and checked the quality of the project. At the age of twenty-five, he toured Wutai Mountain with his father, and the following year, he toured Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces with his entourage, accepting and managing the Huanghuai project. In the summer of the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), Emperor Kangxi deposed Prince Yin for the first time. In the process of choosing a new prince, Yin Zhen supported the re-establishment of Yin Gui and maintained a good relationship with Yin Gui, the eighth son of the emperor. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), Yin Yong was re-established as a prince. In the same year, Yin Zhen was named Prince Heshuo Yong. Here, in order to seek storage, the princes formed a private party, and the intrigue was extremely fierce. At that time, Kangxi's vassal status was both established and abolished, and there were many legendary doubts about Kangxi's vassal status. After Yin Yong's restoration, he carried out some illegal activities to consolidate his warehousing position, which led to his father's unhappiness, and Kangxi was deposed again in the fifty years (171). Since then, courtiers scrambled to reset him, and they were all punished by Emperor Kangxi. Yin Yong was abandoned, but the vacancy of the Crown Prince left by him was not replaced by Emperor Kangxi, which aroused the temptation of the princes. Ginza has the capital to continue its activities and was once again reprimanded by his father. His partner Yin Gui, "Corporal Xu Xian", contacted people from all sides and was "quite ambitious". Yin Zhen is good at governing the country and knows how to keep a low profile. He respected Buddhism and Taoism, claimed to be "the first idle man in the world", kept in harmony with his brothers, kept close contact with Nian Gengyao and Longkeduo, and showed sincere filial piety to his father, Emperor Kangxi, who drew Tibet on the map and won the trust of Emperor Kangxi.
In the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), Yongzheng was 44 years old, and the anniversary was the 60th anniversary of Emperor Kangxi's accession to the throne. He was ordered to go to Shengjing to pay homage to the ancestral mausoleum, return to Beijing to attend Gong's examination papers, and sacrifice to heaven on behalf of the southern suburbs of Emperor Kangxi from winter to Sunday. The following year, two warehouses in Beijing and Tong Tong were inspected, and the winter solstice was sacrificed to heaven. Yin Zhen's activities are of double significance to him. First, I have traveled to major areas of China for many times and obtained first-hand information on economic products, water conservancy, folk customs, religious beliefs, historical issues and other civil affairs. The second is to observe Emperor Kangxi's handling of political affairs, inspect local administrative and bureaucratic institutions, exercise his ability to handle certain political affairs, and gain certain political experience. These two factors are of great practical significance to Yin Zhen's future governance. On November 13th, the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), Emperor Kangxi died in Changchun Garden in the northern suburb. Yin Zhen succeeded to the throne and was renamed Yongzheng the following year. After acceded to the throne, Yong Zhengdi reused Huang Anjun, the thirteenth son of Kangxi, and was unwilling to let Quinn and others go. Therefore, after Yong Zhengdi ascended the throne, the struggle between the two sides continued, and he took various political measures to consolidate his throne. The first is to eliminate dissidents, divide and disintegrate the Prince Group, recall Yin Gui from the front line of the Northwest Army and ban him. Jinfeng named Yin Gui as Prince Lian and Minister of Prime Minister Affairs. Yin Yan was sent to West Datong, Qinghai (now northwest of Datong, Qinghai). In view of the fact that there was no effective storage system in Qing Dynasty, disputes often occurred in succession to the throne, so a secret storage system was established.
Before the spring of the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Yong Zhengdi dealt a moderate blow to his political opponents, because the regime had not been consolidated, and it was inconvenient to stimulate the other side. In March of the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Qinghai won the counter-insurgency and the Yongzheng regime was strengthened, and then Yin Gui and his party were punished. In April, I publicly accused Quinn of "breaking the law and discipline". Although I want to be tolerant, I can't help it, and I am guilty of the same crime as the ministers. "Clan membership and circle ban were reduced, and it was renamed as" Achina "(meaning fish to be slaughtered). Yi Yin was reduced in clan membership and circle ban and renamed as" Seth Black "(meaning annoying person). I was forbidden by the emperor's ten sons, and Yin Zhen (Yin Gui), the fourteenth son of Kangxi, was sent to guard the mausoleum first, and then was forbidden by the circle. Twelve sons of Kangxi were demoted, and three sons of Kangxi were also banned by the leather knight circle.
In May of the same year, Ge went to Sunubeille and published "On Huang Peng" in July to further carry out activities against Ginza party member. Shortly after many problems of Nian Gengyao and Long Ke appeared, they relaxed their offensive against Ginza. In December of the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Nian Gengyao gave his life, which accelerated the punishment for Ginza. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), Yin Gui and Yin Gui were imprisoned and died, and Yin Gui moved to Jingshan. Cai Huaixi committed suicide, Guo Yunjin made a public appearance, and other members of Yin Gui were also punished. At this point, Ginza Group, which has been operating for more than 20 years, completely collapsed. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Yong Zhengdi ordered Nian Gengyao, the general of Fuyuan, to commit suicide in the name of bossiness and cronyism. At the same time, he cut off Kodo Pacific Insurance, and the latter circle was forbidden to die. Therefore, Wang Zhengwen's Western Expedition case and Justine's examination case were implicated. At the beginning of his accession to the throne, Yong Zhengdi said, "I have been in the official residence for more than 40 years. All my lieutenants and lieutenants have formed a clique, begging for help, deceiving the people, serving the public and serving the private, perfidy and all kinds of bad habits. I know there are only a handful of people who can see their own opinions. Compared with ancient emperors such as China, I have seen and heard more. " He knew all about the social problems in the later period of Kangxi, such as factional struggles; The official management is not clear; Relying on the policy of enriching the people has accelerated the accumulation of contradictions between the rich and the poor; The war in the northwest continues, and we must continue to solve the contradiction with Junggar; The national treasury is empty. He aimed at reality and combined his ideals to produce his own political program. On the first month of Yong Zhengdi's accession to the throne, he ordered the university students, ministers and assistant ministers: "Those who have the ability to adapt to the situation can benefit the country and the people's livelihood, and they can know the pros and cons and play things in secret." Then, on New Year's Day in the first year of Yongzheng (1723), in the imperial edicts issued to local officials at all levels, it was said that all the pure ministers in ancient times were "promoting the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages, and practicing practical politics", calling for political reform to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages for the national economy and people's livelihood. His reform thought includes the following contents:
First, we are against following the trend. When Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, he believed that "people's hearts have been playing for a long time, and there are many disadvantages", and that "there will be no end in the future without punishment", and he repeatedly warned his subordinates not to "play with the wind". In view of Emperor Kangxi's thought that "many things are not as good as few things", he advocated "deliberate search" and dismissed those who attacked this statement, calling them "ignorant". He opposed conformism in order to clear the ideological obstacles on the road of reform. Second, rectify the bureaucracy and benefit the people's livelihood. Yong Zhengdi said in the above-mentioned imperial edict to the governor on New Year's Day: "Today's officials take fame as their name, and the fat family takes fame as their reality, but they say that' fame and fortune are both real'. I don't know what the so-called fame really means." In fact, he issued a notice about rectifying official management. On the first anniversary of his ascent to the pole, he said, "I am committed to planning, and I always want to manage the army and the people through bureaucracy", which shows that he wants to achieve the goal of enriching the country and the people by rectifying bureaucracy. Third, oppose cronies. Yong Zhengdi knew the harm of cronies from personal experience: cronies acted in their own way, undermining the unity of state affairs and the authority of the monarch. The cronies attacked each other and appointed private individuals, which not only lost the normal principle of employing people, but also interfered with the monarch's exercise of the power of employing people to others; The cronies express their political views, flaunt themselves, criticize state affairs, disturb the monarch's audio-visual and hinder the adherence to established policies. So he said "cronies are the worst vices". The cronies he opposed included the love between teachers and students of officials who were born in Kejia, so he declared that he would "wash away the accumulated habits of Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties". "Things have been raging for hundreds of years to cure their roots." It shows his determination to clarify politics and cure stubborn diseases. Yong Zhengdi's reform thought is one of his political thoughts. In addition, he believes that "the law cannot govern the people", and only good monarchs and officials can do a good job in politics, which is his basic concept. He advocates "being pragmatic", that is, proceeding from reality and doing things in a down-to-earth manner, which is his ideological soul. He advocates strict governance and firm style, which is his general plan for governing the country. In all Yong Zhengdi's political thoughts, promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages is the core content and the basic feature of his administration.
In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he accepted the suggestion of Nuo Min, the governor of Shaanxi Province, and implemented measures of strict economy and fund-raising to increase the central fiscal revenue and limit local expropriation. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), in view of the serious shortage of money and grain in various places in the last years of Kangxi, Yong Zhengdi decided to conduct a strict inventory, immediately seized the property of corrupt officials, defaulted on the people, and ordered them to collect taxes in a short time. Clean-up policy, where there is a deficit, limited to three years to make up. If you don't exceed the limit, you will be severely punished. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Yong Zhengdi prepared to attack Junggar. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Yue Zhongqi was the general of Ningyuan, and Fu Erdan was the general of Jingbian. He left the North Road and marched into the conquest. However, the front line was defeated, and Yong Zhengdi imprisoned Yue Zhongqi and changed the generals of Beilu Barracks many times. Later, both sides couldn't fight anymore and started negotiations. Yong Zhengdi didn't achieve the goal of destroying each other. The reasons are Yong Zhengdi, Yue Zhongqi, Fu Erdan and others. Before starting his career, Yong Zhengdi claimed: "Selecting generals, knowing that they are outstanding talents of the Town Association, and selecting soldiers are all extremely martial arts and not hasty." In order to cooperate with the northwest war, Yong Zhengdi set up a military department to assist him in handling military affairs. The military department has a military affairs minister, and Yong Zhengdi is appointed as the military affairs minister from among university students, ministers, assistant ministers and relatives. For example, Wang of the Yi nationality, Zhang, a college student, Jiang Tingxi, a senior minister of the household, and E Ertai, a college student. , are military affairs ministers. There is also a military aircraft, Zhang Jing, which was selected by government officials such as the Cabinet, the Hanlin Academy, the Sixth Division and Lifan Academy. These people are all part-time, and their promotion is still in the original yamen. So at the beginning of the establishment of the military department, there was no official position. There is no official yamen in the military department, but only a duty room, located in Longzongmen, near hall of mental cultivation, Yong Zhengdi, where military affairs ministers can be convened. Without special officials and official positions, the military department has become a special institution.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), Lu, the former director of the Ministry of Industry, was sent to work in the northwest military camp, and wrote "Tongjian Lun" 17, which discussed such issues as feudalism, building and storing, military system, the relationship between monarch and minister, doing nothing, and governing by doing nothing, involving such sensitive issues as the dispute between cronies in the current dynasty. Yong Zhengdi said that he "borrowed from the ancients and misquoted their words to vent his anger" and ordered him to be executed in front of the army. Xie Jishi, an inspector who also worked in front of the army, criticized Neo-Confucianism by commenting on "Da Xue" and "Slander", which Yong Zhengdi used as a punishment to order him to execute the death penalty. In the same year, Zhang Xi, a disciple of Ceng Jing School, instigated the rebellion of Yue Zhongqi, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi, implicated the late Neo-Confucianism Lv Liuliang, and Yong Zhengdi established a literary inquisition as a means to control thoughts, crack down on political enemies and improve authority.
Yong Zhengdi compiled some of the memorials he had reviewed into "Records of Bamboo Skin and Yu Yu". His letters to courtiers were compiled by Zhang and others into cabinet style and the Eight Banners of the Empire. His articles in various genres were compiled into the Royal Collection by later generations. In May of the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Miao bandits from Guzhou and Taigong in Guizhou made an insurrection at the border, and appointed Ha Sheng Yuan as General Yang Wei, who was in charge of the military and civilians in the four provinces. He also ordered the Prince, the Emperor, Emperor Hongtian, University students E Ertai and Zhang. Cooperate in handling scenic spot affairs. Zhang Zhao, the minister of punishments, and Du De, the deputy governor of the Ministry of Justice, were ordered to assist in scenic spot affairs. Soon, Ha Yuan decided the Miao rebellion in Guizhou.
During the reign of Yong Zhengdi, he managed Yuanmingyuan and often lived in Yuanmingyuan and Oi. When he was young, it was moderately hot in summer, and he was afraid that it would be hot in the future, so he took the cooler Yuanmingyuan as his shelter and lived in Jiuzhou Qingyan, Siyi Bookstore and Wanfang Anhe, which were warm in winter and cool in summer. According to Records of Sejong in Qing Dynasty, Yong Zhengdi fell ill on August 21st in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), and "worked as usual" and died on the 23rd.
After Yong Zhengdi's death, according to his secret storage method, Prince Li Hong of Sizibao succeeded to the throne. Temple number Sejong, posthumous title Jingtianchang Yun Jian Biao Wen Wu Yingming Kuan Ren Xin Yi Rui Sheng Da Xiao Zhi Cheng Xian Di, buried in the Tailing Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty.