Composition: The Call of Water

The call of water "If human beings don't cherish it, the last drop of water on the earth will be our own tears." -I hope this is just an alarmist. China is one of the 13 water-poor countries in the world, with a per capita water resource of 2,700 cubic meters, accounting for only 27% of the world average10,000 cubic meters. More than half of the 668 cities in China are threatened by water shortage. Among the 40 cities in China that are in trouble due to lack of water resources, Beijing ranks in the top five, with a per capita water resource of only 400 cubic meters, ranking at the bottom among the 100 capitals in the world. Beijing lacks water. More than half of the 668 cities in China are threatened by water shortage. Among the 40 cities in China that are in trouble due to lack of water resources, Beijing ranks in the top 5, with a per capita water resource of only 400 cubic meters, which is only 4% of the world average, and ranks at the bottom of the global 100 capital. With the development of society, the water consumption in Beijing will increase sharply. If effective measures are not taken, the problem of water shortage is approaching this city with a population of130,000. Therefore, how to rationally develop and utilize water resources has become a major social focus for Beijingers. According to a data from the drought-stricken city of Beijing, the annual available water resources in Beijing are 4.22 billion cubic meters, 3.74 billion cubic meters in dry years and 3.38 billion cubic meters in dry years. In recent years, the average annual water consumption in Beijing is 4 billion -4 1 100 million cubic meters, and the maximum water consumption is 4.3 billion cubic meters. In normal years, the available water supply and water consumption in Beijing are basically the same, and the gap is not very big. In dry years, the water shortage in Beijing will be close to 654.38+0 billion cubic meters. Of the 4 billion cubic meters of water supply in Beijing every year, groundwater accounts for 2.45 billion cubic meters and surface water accounts for 65.438+0.55 billion cubic meters. Surface water mainly includes reservoir water and river water. Usually, the gap of excessive water use is supplemented by groundwater, which leads to groundwater overexploitation. 1997 is a dry year, and the groundwater exploitation in Beijing reaches 2.75 billion cubic meters, with a groundwater deficit of 800 million cubic meters. From the early 1960s to the end of last year, groundwater in Beijing has been over-exploited by about 3.8 billion cubic meters. Miyun Reservoir has a storage capacity of 4 billion cubic meters, which is almost equivalent to the whole Miyun Reservoir. Among them, the cumulative over-exploitation in urban areas has reached 2 billion cubic meters, and serious over-exploitation has occurred. Overexploitation of groundwater has caused many adverse consequences. Within the range of 1.044 square kilometers in Beijing urban area, the groundwater level drops in a big funnel shape in some places with 1.000 square kilometers. At the same time, the groundwater level drops and the ground sinks. Since the 1960s, the accumulated land subsidence in Beijing has ranged from 600 mm to 800 mm ... There is such a huge funnel under the ground in Beijing, so we have no reason not to worry that if the groundwater in Beijing continues to be overexploited on a large scale, resulting in uneven ground subsidence, a tower may become a "leaning tower of Beijing". Overexploitation of groundwater will also lead to deterioration of water quality and increase of water hardness. These are extremely harmful to human health. Of course, over-exploitation of groundwater will directly lead to water supply difficulties. At the peak of water consumption, it is no longer news that the water pipes in high-rise buildings in densely populated areas flow like tears, and even some pipes have no water. In some urban-rural junctions, because water towers are often dry, water pipes become the ears of the deaf. And the "long-lost" water tank was invited into the kitchen to be the master. Groundwater resources are scarce, so people have to look to surface water. The water supply of Guanting Reservoir and Huairou Reservoir is relatively limited. The planned Fangshan Zhang Fang Reservoir will provide up to 300 million cubic meters of water every year after its completion. The only clear water Miyun Reservoir has become a "life-saving water" for Beijingers. However, for a city with a population of10 million, Miyun Reservoir is undoubtedly a drop in the bucket. What should we do in the year of drought? What if the drought continues? -Beijing should have a backup water source. Why does Beijing become a dry city? The precipitation in Beijing is uneven, because the source of surface water and groundwater is rainwater. Affected by many factors, the precipitation in Beijing is very uneven, with great differences from year to year. Take this year as an example. According to statistics, the average precipitation in flood season in Beijing this year is 5 14 mm, which is 80% more than that in flood season last year and 830 million cubic meters more. Due to the heavy rainfall this year, Beijing is not short of water. The decrease of rainfall in dry years naturally leads to water shortage. Experts believe that the reason for Beijing's lack of water resources and over-exploitation of groundwater is the sharp increase in urban water consumption. In 1950s and 1960s, Beijing had a population of only 67 million, so Beijing was relatively short of water resources. Today, the population of Beijing is as high as130,000, which is 67 million more than that of 1950s and 1960s, and the water consumption has also increased by 3.7 billion cubic meters. However, the rainfall in Beijing has not increased. Due to the shortage of water resources in Beijing, groundwater overexploitation is inevitable. The water pollution in Beijing is serious and the reuse rate of water is not high, which leads to the lack of water resources in Beijing. If water pollution is reduced and the reuse rate of water resources is improved, Beijing is not short of water. According to statistics, Beijing discharges 2.4 million tons of sewage every day. Based on this calculation, Beijing's annual sewage discharge reaches 876 million tons! Compared with the surging sewage discharge, Beijing's sewage treatment is only a trickle. At present, there are three large-scale sewage treatment plants with a daily treatment capacity of over 40,000 tons in Beijing, namely Fangzhuang Sewage Treatment Plant, Beixiaohe Sewage Treatment Plant and Gaobeidian Sewage Treatment Plant (Phase I). The sewage treatment capacity adds up to only 580,000 tons/day, accounting for only 24% of the sewage discharge. Waste of water is also a factor leading to water shortage in Beijing. After careful investigation and calculation, Liu Jiaoshou, the Environmental Center of Peking University, revealed a terrible fact: last year, the water consumption for car washing in Beijing was as high as 6.435 million cubic meters, equivalent to 13 of the total water storage capacity of Kunming Lake. "Long running water" tap water pipeline and "day and night" old public toilet flushing system ... have caused great waste. At the same time, the aging phenomenon of tap water pipes in the old city of Beijing is serious, which causes tap water leakage and wastes a lot of tap water. Countermeasure 1: Open source Beijing's water falls from the sky. As mentioned earlier, the rainfall in Beijing is uneven, and water shortage is inevitable in dry years. It is a feasible measure to use rainwater and surface water to recharge underground in wet year or wet period, which not only saves construction investment, but also makes full use of rainwater resources. Artificial rainfall is also an open source method. But the cost is too high, and artificial rainfall needs the cooperation of "God" and clouds. This open source method is difficult to realize. After the completion of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Beijing, it can supply 654.38+0.2 billion cubic meters of water to Beijing every year, which can greatly alleviate the water shortage problem in Beijing. However, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project will take time. Today, it will undoubtedly quench your thirst. Countermeasure 2: throttling Some experts hold different views on Beijing's water shortage. They think Beijing is not short of water. The key to solve the problem is to save water and purify sewage. Compared with open source, throttling is more economical and effective. If factories, public facilities and residents in Beijing save water, by saving 5% of the current water consumption, 200 million cubic meters will be saved every year. What a considerable number this is! In terms of agricultural water consumption, the water consumption of sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation is only 50% and 30% of that of surface irrigation respectively. According to this ratio, if the irrigation methods in Beijing are improved, the water saving will be considerable, reaching hundreds of millions of cubic meters. Controlling the rapid expansion of population and the continuous expansion of urban scale is one of the reasons for the lack of urban water resources. Therefore, controlling urban population and urban scale is one of the effective means to alleviate Beijing's water shortage. Because of the high population density in Beijing, it is an effective measure to gradually evacuate the over-dense population in the urban area to the suburbs to alleviate the shortage of water resources. At the same time, it is necessary to strictly control the transformation of large enterprises that consume water and energy. On the one hand, urban water supply is tight; On the other hand, the amount of urban sewage is also increasing year by year. If these sewage are purified and reused, it will provide a stable and growing new water source for urban water use in Beijing. According to reports, in addition to the three large sewage treatment plants that have been built in Beijing, there are 13 in Beijing that have been included in the construction plan. After the second phase of Gaobeidian sewage treatment project under construction is put into operation, the daily sewage treatment capacity will reach 6,543,800 tons. After advanced treatment, sewage can be used as industrial water. The qualified water after advanced treatment is injected into the ground, and the research work of scientific research projects such as supplementing groundwater resources through the role of underground minerals is under way. Supplement: The Call of Water Guangdong Channel (03-23 17:3 1) Water is full of weather, and people often feel the elegant beauty of a trickle; Marvel Comics looked at the gentle beauty of the gurgling stream; Admire the beauty of thousands of feet's momentum. When people appreciate and enjoy water, there is a dark cloud overhead. 2 1 century, water has left a profound enlightenment to mankind ... nothing can touch my feelings more than water. Walking through the long corridor of history, I often feel the length of "sailing alone, the blue sky is exhausted, and the Yangtze River flows in the sky"; Appreciate the vastness of "how the water of the Yellow River goes out of the sky, into the ocean and never returns"; Experience the depth of "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as deep as Wang Lunshen" ... Zhuangzi said that "water is the virtue of raising people's wealth", which clarified that water is a precious wealth endowed by nature for human survival, and also revealed that the spirituality of water is a "magic weapon" for self-cultivation; Marx said: "Water is the most temperamental spirit in nature". Water, after a long history of smoke and dust, has been given special significance. There is a saying in the Book of Songs, "What makes a cloud rain?" ? Is rain a cloud? What? Water? "description; There are many beautiful sentences praising water in the poems of past dynasties. " The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes. "People with lofty ideals will repay their ambitions by borrowing water." The tide is wide on both sides, and there is no wind to stir my lonely sail. "Literati poets borrow water to express their feelings. Water plays a special role in the rapid development of science and technology and economy. " There is no harvest with water, which clearly and vividly shows that water is the foundation of agriculture. Without water, high-rise buildings cannot be leveled. It truly reflects that water is the pillar of the economy, and the speed of machine operation depends on water, which directly shows that water is the "nutrition" of industry. Therefore, it can be said more directly that without water, there would be no human progress, and there would be no human high-tech civilization today. However, we should not be too intoxicated with the victory over nature. Every victory will attract revenge from nature. In more than 200 countries around the world, special geographical location, climate temperature difference, unreasonable development and utilization, and unlimited waste input have caused global water shortage. What hangs over our earth is no longer a halo of water, but a layer of polluted clouds. In the 2 1 century, mankind has to face an important problem, that is, the crisis of water resources. I don't know if you have seen such an environmental poster: a child walks around the earth, and she walks through North America with a "colored river": through Africa without water; Bypassing Oceania where garbage floats ... What do you think of this? "Please cherish our most precious wealth-water! "The Water Resources Protection Law issued by the World Environment Organization has such an introduction," Your infinite waste and poverty will be your descendants. " This sentence is not shocking. China is also fully aware of the importance of water and water protection. New water laws and effective measures have been formulated to protect water resources. In Chenghai, the hometown of "Lotus Mountain is suspicious of Suzhou, and seventeen streams meet five streams", the basic requirements and principles of protecting water resources are put forward according to the situation of Chenghai, so as to create another rural landscape of Jiangnan water town for Chenghai. Please save and cherish water resources! With our hearts and hands, like Prometheus stealing fire, it brings warmth to mankind; Venus, the goddess of love, chooses to influence the ugliness of the world with love; Apollo, the sun god, has left eternal light for mankind, cherishing every drop of water in our home, and making those who are used to wasting and polluting water accustomed to saving and protecting water. Let's cherish water! Leave a pure sky for my own soul and ask: how long? Can you help me get rid of the unimportant parts? thank you