What influence did Du Fu's poems have on later generations? Urgent ~ thank you for your help.

Du Fu has made great achievements in art. In order to better illustrate the artistic achievements of Du Fu's poems, we can roughly divide them into narrative poems and lyric poems. First, Du Fu's narrative poems Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" by later generations. In the late Tang Dynasty, "Skill Poem Gao Yi San" said: "Du Shan is in trouble, but the dragon tree is displaced. When he finished writing the poem, he turned his eyes to his seclusion, and almost nothing happened. Therefore, it is called "the history of poetry". "New Tang Book, Yi Wenzhi, Du Fu's Biography" said: "Fu is good at telling current events, and his method is profound, so his words have declined, and he is known as' the history of poetry'. His poems are called "the history of poetry" because he narrated many important events in the Anshi Rebellion, reflected people's sufferings in the war, and showed a broad picture of the whole social life with vivid and full images. As Yang Yi said: "One of the great skills of Du Fu's poetry is to put his keen and profound poetic intuition into historical events and social situations and turn it into aesthetic images, from which we can understand the living situation of the nation and the rules of the operation of heaven." (The second part of Du Li's poetics). Du Fu's poems describe specific scenes, including the atmosphere and people's feelings at that time, which are more touching than simply providing historical materials of historical events. Such as Ai Jiangtou, Northern Expedition, Three Officials, Three Farewells, Washing Military Forces, etc. These poems can not only prove history, but also make up for its shortcomings, and are more concrete, vivid and touching than historical events. Du Fu's poems have the characteristics of "poetic history", so his achievements in narrative poetry creation deserve the most attention. In order to meet the requirements of content, Du Fu's narrative poems mostly adopt the archaic style of five or seven words, which is very flexible. 1. Good at spreading and summarizing. When talking about the art of Du Fu's poetry, Yuan Zhen said that Du Fu was good at "laying out the truth from beginning to end, which is as big as a thousand words and rhymes" ("The Tomb Inscription of Du Jun, the Shangshu of Tang Industry Department"). Du Fu used Fu's poems in many places, but Du Fu's "laying out the truth" attached great importance to the artistic generalization of real life, and was good at concentrating rich and complex social phenomena and feelings of worrying about the country and the people in some scenes or scenes. For example, "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death" ("From Beijing to Fengxian 500 words"), ten words tell the shocking social reality of class opposition. "Washing Terracotta Warriors": "In three years of flute, Guan Shanyue, a grass and a tree in front of all the soldiers" summarizes the trauma caused by the war. "Three Songs of Qiang Village": "My wife blames me for my death, but I am still crying in shock ... My neighbors are sighing. In the middle of the night, it's more like holding a candle and dreaming. Described the scene of family gathering in the war. Although it only describes the experience of Du Fu's family, it reflects the tragic fate of the broad masses of people. Military Vehicle Shop is a dialogue between passers-by and pedestrians, but it also reveals the misfortune of many pedestrians. The New Wedding is about a wife's pain, but it focuses on the experiences of countless young couples in the Anshi Rebellion. 2. Delicate the details, and see the truth in the nuances. The Northern Expedition is Du Fu's masterpiece. In the poem, he recalled what he saw and felt all the way from Fengxiang to his hometown in Zhangzhou. This poem describes the scene at home: after living in a small house for several years, his wife wears a hundred knots. Tears return to music, and sad spring is suffocating. All my life, the color is white. Seeing crying behind, dirty feet are not socks. Two little girls in front of the bed, they crossed their knees after filling. The picture is choppy and the old embroidery twists and turns. Sky dance and purple wind, hanging upside down in short brown. This description is quite delicate. Through the details of the wife's "knotting clothes", the children's "dirty feet are not socks", the details of "over the knee when mending" and the upside-down pattern on the patch, the image of the unhappy and poor people in the war is vividly reflected. "Dan Qing Yin" describes Cao Ba's talent. In order to show Cao Ba's superb painting skills, Du Fu chose Cao Ba as the detail of the portrait of the hero: "You put official crowns on all the prime ministers and arrows on all the commanders. You brought every hair of the founders of this dynasty to life and fought bravely. " . Exquisite detail description plays down the story and strengthens the authenticity. 3. Lyric color is rich. Many of Du Fu's narrative poems are written as lyric poems. Du Fu is a man with rich feelings. He can't help pouring his love and hate, sympathy and pity into the events described and the characters portrayed. For example, "Introduction to Dan Qing": "However, you are here, wandering in a disorderly world, sketching some trivial passers-by from time to time. Poverty is a common sight, no one is purer than you, and no one is poorer than you. " I deeply sympathize with Cao Ba's genius, which is not used by the world. "Three Songs of Qiang Village" wrote that after I returned to China, my elders came to express their condolences and told me that the world was cold and life was hard. "Well-meaning, the wine is light, and no one cultivates. Because the soldiers and revolutionaries didn't stop, the children made an expedition to the east. Please sing an old song for your father and feel sorry for your hardships. After the song, I sighed and cried. " From the bottom of my heart, every sentence is touching, describing the poet's thoughtfulness and helplessness to ordinary old farmers in turbulent years. The Homeless is an excellent narrative poem and a gripping lyric poem. In the poem, I narrated in the tone of a soldier farmer: "I will live and die forever, and I will be in the ditch for five years." You can't raise it when you are born, and you will be sour all your life. Life is homeless, why is it steaming! When he returned to the home he had missed for a long time, he realized that his mother had died of illness. When he was called up again, no one could say goodbye! So he said bitterly, what's the point of such a life? Reading such a poem, who can't help but be moved! Second, Du Fu's Lyrics The number of Du Fu's Lyrics is more than that of narrative poems. There are five or seven ancient characters in form, but more are modern. The artistic features of Du Fu's lyric poems are as follows: 1. Ascending the Mountain is known as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character laws", and it is a masterpiece of blending scenes: the sky is high and the wind is urgent, the apes are singing and the birds are singing, and the lake is clear and the sand is white. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. This is Du Fu's work after living in Kuizhou. Kuizhou is near the Yangtze River, and the scenery described in the poem, such as the wind rushing, apes whistling, birds flying, trees falling down and the river flowing away, are all in sight, but in these scenery, the author's sigh about the current situation and his understanding of life experience are deeply dissolved. For example, the words "leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, but I watch the long river roll forward", and the words "boundless" and "endless" are added before "Yangtze River", and the onomatopoeic words "rustling" and "rolling" are used to describe the sound of fallen leaves and the sound of running water respectively, which makes the autumn scenery you can see when you climb the mountain very broad and colorful, but in the scenery. Therefore, the poem's neck couplet used fourteen words, which highly summarized the "eight tragedies" he felt at this time: "Wan Li, the land is far away; Sad autumn, bleak time; Be a guest and travel; Frequent visitors, long-distance travel; For a hundred years, teeth are dying; Sick and sick; Taiwan, high also; A person is on the stage and has no relatives and friends. " (He Lu) The word "hardship" at the end of the couplet is infinitely painful. The poet said, "With lofty aspirations, it is unique in ancient and modern times, and it should be the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan). During his stay in Kuizhou, he also wrote the famous group poem Eight Poems in Autumn. The following is the first poem: Yulu withers maple trees, Wushan Wuxia Nuxiaosen, the waves between the river and the sky are rough, and clouds cover the fog. Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat. Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious. What the poet saw was autumn scenery in Jiangxia, which caused him to miss his hometown. He remembered the bitterness of having to stay in Kuizhou for two years, and the sound of evening anvil came from his ear, which brought more homesickness to the wanderers in a foreign land. In the description of scenery, there is a poet's beating passion everywhere. 2. Lyric, argumentative and narrative are integrated. Du Fu's narrative poems are very lyrical, as mentioned above. In his lyric poems, things are often combined, such as Ode to Five Hundred Words in Fengxian County, Shuhuai, Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems and Eight Sorrow Poems. Because of the combination of narrative and lyricism, it highlights the color of the times. In Du Fu's lyric poems, lyricism is often combined with discussion, especially modern poems. Shen Deqian said: "Read (Du Fu) eight autumn poems, five poems of scenic spots and historical sites, and five poems of generals, and never give up talking, painting with algae and covering the universe in cages. In the horizontal and vertical intrusion, it is complicated by macro; Great goals, not empty words. "The argument of Du Fu's" Follow the Feeling "(on" Talking about Poetry "), for example, in" The General ",says:" How can you make your monarch worry about his country alone? It satirizes that generals can only enjoy their success, but not share their worries for the country; "Going to the Tower" says: "If the Arctic court does not change, bandits dare not take risks from the western hills". The former sentence is full of confidence in the stability of the country, and the latter sentence warns the invading Tubo army that you will undoubtedly lose. "Death without conquest, tears spilled from the hero's skirt" in the Book of Scholars not only spoke highly of Zhuge Liang's achievements in his life, but also attached his feelings to the pen. 3, lyrical twists and turns euphemistic, ups and downs. Du Fu's lyric poems truly reflect the author's inner contradictions and complicated feelings of pain and happiness. For example, the banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army: the news of this distant west station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! . When Du Fu lived in Zizhou, he suddenly heard the news that Shi Chaoyi, a traitor, hanged himself, and his men had defected to Tang Jun. He was pleasantly surprised and blurted out. Although his mood is warm, his ups and downs are great. When I wrote the first taste for the first time, tears flowed down, and then I was ecstatic when I saw * * *' s wife sweeping away the haze in trouble, singing and drinking, and then I immediately made plans to go back to my hometown. The four place names "Ba Xia", "Wu Xia", "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are used as "namely", "bian" and "cong" respectively. This poem is full of surprises and is called "the fastest poem in Lao Du's life" (Reading Interpretation), but it turns freely and twists and turns to take advantage of the situation. Going to Fengxian to chant 500 words is a very long lyric poem. In the first paragraph of the poem, the poet tells himself that his life's ideal is "stealing rice to make a contract" and laments the passage of time: "In fact, I would like to be generous when I grow old together", but even though fate is so unfair to myself, it is still "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years and sighing in my intestines". It's not that I don't want to stay away from the world and live a life of "sending the sun and the moon to take a bath". It's just that "sunflower leans against the sun and its physical properties are hard to win", which can't change my original intention! Only this first paragraph is full of twists and turns, which makes people feel Du Fu's cordial feelings. Third, Du Fu's artistic attainments Du Fu's poems are highly accomplished in language art. In narrative poems, he pays attention to the individualization of language, and depicts the images of different characters in different languages according to their personalities and identities. For example, the famous "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" reveal the theme of poetry and shape the characters through dialogues and monologues. Among them, the dialogue in "Tongguan Officials" asked Tongguan officials: "Do you still need to repair customs?" He told me to dismount and walk, pointing to a corner of the mountain and showing me: "Even the clouds are fighting, and birds can't get through. Stupid but self-controlled, how can you worry about western capital! Father-in-law sees the heavy place, and the bicycle is narrow. Hard work, halberd, and eternal use. " "Alas, Taolin, millions turned into fish. Please pay attention to the generals and don't learn from Shu Ge! " In this conversation, the two sides look at each other. The "I" in the poem is extremely concerned about the safety of Tongguan. "Is it necessary to repair the customs?" Reveal the urgency of the mood. The officer's answer showed that he was full of confidence in the fortifications he had built. He cheerfully invited "I" to look around and pointed out the danger of the pass while watching it, which reflected the high fighting spirit and winning belief of the officers and men guarding the pass. Guan Li's eight sentences were appraised as "vivid" by Pu Yin Long (Reading Du Xinjie). The charge of "I" shows the profundity of the poet's thought. A large number of proverbs are quoted in Du Fu's poems, which give people a sense of intimacy and realism and help to highlight the personality of the characters. For example, "Car Shop": "My parents and my wife are going to see you off" and "They are running after you, crying and tugging at your sleeve"; In "The Front Jam": "The bow should be strong, and the arrow should be long. The shooter shoots the horse first, and the thief catches the king first "; In The Wedding Farewell, words such as "No silk is attached to hemp, so it is not long to recruit vines" and "Daughter has a home, and chickens and dogs want to get married" are all in line with the identity and tone of ordinary people. Yuan Zhen's poem "Appreciating Li Fu and Seeing Li Li" said: "Du Fu's genius is quite peerless, and every time he looks for a poem, he seems to have feelings. It is not the source of the ancients to pity the canal until the time. " He spoke highly of Du Fu's poems, which used spoken language and common sayings to make them closer to life. However, Du Fu paid great attention to the tempering of poetry and was good at choosing vivid words and using them in appropriate places. For example, the word "Guo" in Summer Tour shows the relationship between Du Fu and his neighbors, and also shows the low shack caused by poverty. He is not only good at using verbs to make poetry vivid, but also good at using adverbs to make poetry full of turning points, such as the usage of the word "zi"; "Self-pity at the beginning", "lonely cloud without self-heart", "flying in the dark" and "building a country in one's own territory" increase the expressive power of sentences. Du Fu attached great importance to the refinement of ci. He said, "New poems need to be changed and sung for a long time", "Most of them are beautiful sentences of human nature, and the words are not surprisingly endless" (a brief talk about the water on the river is precious to the sea). It is this conscious pursuit that makes him achieve great success in the art of poetic language. Therefore, Pi Rixiu said that Du Fu's poem is "thirty conductor, not a word can be donated" ("Yesterday, Lu Wang saw 500 words and turned them into a thousand words"). The artistic styles of Du Fu's poems are diverse, as Yuan Zhen said in the Tang Dynasty: "On elegance, we should go to Song Shen, say that we are close to Su Su and Li, seize Cao and Liu, and hide our faces and thank them for their loneliness. (Preface to the epitaph of Yuan Wailang and Du Jun from the Ministry of Engineering of Tang Dynasty). As Wang Anshi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "As for the beauty of children, it is sadness or joy, poverty or pity, and there is nothing to do. Therefore, some of his poems are plain and simple, some are beautiful and exquisite, some are serious and mighty, some are handsome in the three armed forces, some are eager to concentrate on getting on the horse, some are simple and quiet, some are secluded in the valley, some are romantic, and some introduce you ... This child is beautiful, so he hides his predecessor and then has no succession. " (Appendix III of the Complete Book of Songs of Du Fu) Du Fu's unique style, which is unified and rich, in turn benefits from many teachers and the strengths of many families. The overall style of Du Fu's poems is that he himself wrote a sentence in the Six Classics in Jin's Engraving Fu Biao: "Although I can't preach the Six Classics, I'll sing a few words first. As for frustration and frustration, I will be agile at any time, and Yang Xiong and Gomez can be reached by ordinary enterprises. "Du Fu's" depressed frustration "refers to his ci-fu, but it also refers to his poetic artistic style. Du Fu worries about life and thinks about chaos, and the people love things. He not only has the ambition to help the world, but also suffers from poverty, disease and displacement. Here, "depressed" and "frustrated" refer to the author's poems, which are sometimes "calm and happy"; Sometimes it says "very deep"; Sometimes "health is male"; Sometimes it is thick and crooked, and the root chassis is deep; Sometimes the waves roll, sometimes they rise and fall, and the syllables show urgency. Du Fu lived in a difficult and devastated era, and his personal fate was as unfortunate as that of his country. As a kind and deep poet, his poems show a deep sense of hardship, and all kinds of feelings come to mind and act on his heart, which embodies the aesthetic characteristics of Du Fu's poems. In addition to the main style of depression and frustration, Du Fu also has the characteristics of being spontaneous and natural. This style is generally manifested in landscape writing and lyric poetry, which is a work in a relatively stable period of life, such as "Seven Flowers Alone by the River" (the third): there are two or three quiet families in the river, and red flowers reflect white flowers. I have a place to repay the happiness of spring, and hotel Joan can spend my time. " Jiangcun: Qingjiang is a song that embraces the village. Everything in Changjiang Village is quiet. Swallows on the beam fly freely, and blind dates in the water are similar and accompanied. The old lady is using a chessboard, and the younger son is making a hook with an injection. What do many diseases need more than drugs? The realm is peaceful and quiet, showing a chic, leisurely and pleasant taste. Such as "the heart of water is indisputable, why can't the cloud care" ("Jiangting"), "Look at the birds on your back and look back at the wrong person" ("Two Stories in the City"). , wrote a kind of peace of mind, carefree mood and expression. As for the influence on later generations, I think it is mainly the influence on Jiangxi Poetry School headed by Huang Tingjian in Song Dynasty! I wonder if I can help you. Goodbye!