Autumn is a sad season. The autumn wind is bleak and the grass and trees are withered. This sad atmosphere just provides the sentimental Chinese literati with an opportunity to express their inner sorrow. When they melted this emotion into their writing, a special emotion that has lasted for thousands of years - the "sad autumn" feeling - emerged in Chinese classical poetry.
It can be said that this "sad autumn" feeling arose with the emergence of Chinese classical poetry. In the Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems in my country, someone linked the desolate autumn scenery with sad emotions, forming a melancholy and thought-provoking artistic realm. For example, Qu Yuan wrote in "Mrs. Xiang": "The emperor descended to Beizhu, his eyes were dim and sad, the autumn wind was curling, and the waves in the Dongting were under the leaves." The poet skillfully combines the protagonist's melancholy mood with this desolate autumn scene. The irrepressible sadness revealed in the poem is obviously a natural expression of the poet's depressed mood after being exiled for a long time.
The person who truly pioneered the theme of "Sad Autumn" in the history of Chinese literature was Song Yu. Song Yu's famous article "Jiu Bian" writes at the beginning: "What a sad autumn! The grass and trees are swaying and decaying. Lifting chestnuts is like going on a long journey, climbing mountains and facing water to see you off." The article For the first time, he organically linked the bleakness of the autumn scenery with the feeling of frustration and sadness, creating a form of "sadness" commonly used in Chinese classical poetry: using autumn wind, autumn objects, autumn sounds, and autumn colors as the foil to create a bleak and desolate atmosphere, and Expressing resentment and sadness in this atmosphere. This may be Song Yu's great contribution to Chinese classical poetry!
There are three obvious feelings of "sad autumn" in Chinese poetry.
The first is to lament that heroes are old and life is short. The withering of all things in autumn seems to mean the end of life, which can easily arouse the inner cries of poets who have experienced various difficulties in life or are already old. "Autumn Wind Ci" by Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is a typical example. The poem begins with "The autumn wind blows, white clouds fly, and the grass and trees fall, and the wild geese return to the south." It depicts an autumn scene in which the autumn wind blows strong, the white clouds fly, the grass and trees yellow, and the northern wild geese return to the south. It ends with "When will you be young and strong?" At the end of "Nai Lao He", although I lament that time flies by, life is short, and youth is gone, there is still a sense of heroism in the sadness. This is the unique "sad autumn" feeling of heroes.
The second one expresses the pain of separation. The desolate autumn colors often arouse the homesickness of wanderers, and several festivals unique to autumn, such as Chinese Valentine's Day, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, etc., are undoubtedly the most sentimental and heart-warming moments in autumn.
In classical poetry, the autumn moon has almost become a specific image for people to express their homesickness. In particular, the full moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival is a symbol of family reunion. However, in this cold season, the wanderers are unable to experience the warmth of family reunion. They are alone in a foreign country and can only use the pen in their hands to express their inner pain. On the occasion of the full moon, Li Bai may be "looking up at the bright moon and looking down at his hometown." Du Fu found that "the dew is white tonight, and the moon is bright in my hometown." Wang Jian asked: "Tonight the moon is bright, people can look at it, but they don't know what they think about autumn." Whose family will I fall into?" And Su Dongpo could only silently wish: "I wish you a long life, thousands of miles away from the cicada." The pain of separation is vividly expressed in their poems.
The Double Ninth Festival is a time when homesickness is most intense. Wang Wei's poem "Remembering Brothers from Shandong on September 9th" expresses the collective voice of people all over the world who are traveling far away from home. At this moment, the "foreign land" where the poet lives must also be celebrating the reunion in their own way. However, the excitement belongs to them, and the wanderer can only face his own shadow and taste the desolation of autumn alone. Perhaps the poet's sigh at this time: "I am a stranger in a foreign land, and I miss my family even more during the festive season." Inadvertently, it became an eternal song.
In fact, not only the full moon of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the chrysanthemum wine of the Double Ninth Festival, but also the sycamore trees in autumn, the sound of wild geese and even the setting sun on the balcony are all images commonly used in classical poetry to express the pain of parting and homesickness. Perhaps in the eyes of poets, autumn thoughts are everywhere.
Travelers suffer, and wives suffer even more. There are a large number of articles in classical poetry expressing the pain of separation of a young woman. It was a cold autumn night, but I stayed alone in my boudoir; it was even late at night, but I couldn't fall asleep. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl outside the window can still meet each other on the Chinese Valentine's Day, but the people in the boudoir don't even know the husband's life or death. Cao Pi wrote in "The Song of the Songs": "The humble concubine stays alone in the empty room. She worries about you and dares not forget you. She sheds tears without realizing it." "The Morning Cow and the Weaver Girl look at each other from a distance, why are you alone in the river?" The sadness in it is really heartbreaking.
The third type is to express Zhengren’s sad autumn feelings. This is a relatively special group. Their special identity and living environment have created their unique "sad autumn" feelings. There are emotions of pain, grief, anger and helplessness, but also the heroic heroism unique to a soldier, which ordinary people cannot experience. At the same time, due to their differences in identity, status, character and other aspects, their "sad autumn" feelings are diverse. For example: Lu Lun's "Puffy mane moans mournfully under the ancient city, unable to bear the autumn air and enters the golden sore." It tells the hardships of the life of the conscripts; Wang Changling "Sitting alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk, there is no sorrow in the golden boudoir."
"Expresses the pain of the conscripts' homesickness." "The scenery under the fortress is strange in autumn", "Thousands of mountains, long smoke and sunset, solitary city closed" The scenery of the frontier fortress is so broad, but what Fan Zhongyan saw was "people are sleepless, the general White hair makes her husband cry. "The scene of "Autumn Soldiers on the Battlefield" is so spectacular. Xin Qiji had no ambition to "solve the affairs of the king and the world", but in the end he could only lament that "poor things happened in vain". It can be seen from this that this "sad autumn" feeling is different from simple A sigh. The hero is old and life is short; it is not like the homesickness of a wanderer, which is heartbreaking and heartbreaking. This is a kind of "sad autumn" feeling unique to frontier soldiers.
< p> Of course, "sad autumn" is a topic that has lasted for thousands of years, and its content is far more than that. For example, Li Bai's "boarding a boat to look at the autumn moon, remembering General Xie in the sky" expresses the feeling of not being able to appreciate talents; Wen Tingyun's "Meeting by the river and the sea". There are many guests, and the waves in Dongting are blown by the autumn wind at night. "It writes about separation and separation; in Li Mengyang's "Autumn Look", "The ancient yellow dust flies away, and the white moon crosses the sky in the cold war. "It writes about the desolate and bitter atmosphere of the ancient battlefield, implying the nostalgia of the past and hurting the present. It is impossible to describe all of these in detail.When appreciating ancient poetry, you should usually pay attention to the imagery. This It is also a very important part of the exam.