Formal beauty refers to the aesthetic characteristics presented by natural attributes (color, shape, line, sound, etc.). ) and combination rules (such as uniformity, rhythm, etc.). ) the material that makes up things.
The laws of formal beauty mainly include:
① Contrast
For example, death of marat, a famous work by French painter David in the19th century, shows a horse dead in the bathtub in the lower part of the picture, which forms a contrast between emptiness and reality, light and darkness with the dark wall in the upper part, and highlights the image of the horse.
② Harmony
Harmony, also known as diversity and unity, is an advanced form of the law of formal beauty. Western classical oil paintings attach great importance to harmonious beauty, such as The Birth of Venus by Italian Renaissance painter Botticelli and The Sistine Madonna by Raphael.
③ Rhythm
The rhythm of music is characterized by the regular alternation of strong and weak sounds: the nodes of dance are characterized by the sequential changes of actions; The rhythm of poetry is characterized by peace and rhyme; The rhythm of art is mainly reflected by the repeated superposition of the flow of lines, the shape of color blocks, light and shade and other factors.
Symmetrical and balanced layout can produce artistic effects such as solemnity, seriousness, grandeur and simplicity. Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper and Raphael's Academy of Athens are roughly symmetrical in composition.
⑤ Proportion
Pythagoras school thinks that the most beautiful proportion is the golden proportion, which is widely used in the plastic arts of ancient Greece.
The aesthetic expression of formal beauty is pleasing to the eye, and its judgment standard is biased towards people's natural scale, and its aesthetic results are not very different among different people. The aesthetic expression of content beauty is pleasing to the eye and spiritual pleasure, and its aesthetic standard is biased towards the cultural scale of human beings, and the aesthetic results vary greatly among different people.