Deng Lou was written by Du Fu, and was selected as one of the 300 Tang Poems. This is a poem with a sense of time and concern for things. The author wrote about going upstairs to see the boundless spring scenery, and he couldn't help but feel sad when he thought of the once-in-a-lifetime and changeable situation. Then I think the imperial court is as unshakable as the Arctic constellation. Even if Tubo invades, it is difficult to change people's orthodoxy. Finally, it reveals the ambition of imitating Zhuge Liang to assist the court, which is full of the spirit of clarifying the world. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
? The whole poem is lyrical on the spot, describing the impression of climbing the building, pitching and overlooking the mountains and rivers, all from the perspective of space. The word "near" in the first sentence and the word "dusk" in the last sentence play a prominent role in the conception of poetry. "Flowers near tall buildings" is a close-up view, while "Jinjiang", "Lei Yu" and "Houzhu Temple" are prospects. Sunset points out that the poet has been wandering for a long time. This technique of giving consideration to time and space enhances the three-dimensional sense of poetic artistic conception and broadens the realm of poetry's broadness and boldness. Poetry has always been highly praised by poets for its rigorous meter and neat antithesis. Shen Deqian believes that "the beauty of heaven and the cage of the universe are the highest of Du Fu's poems."
original text
climb the stairs
Author: Du Fu
Flowers are close to tall buildings and far away from my hometown. I am very sad. There are disasters everywhere in this country, so I climbed up to see them.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable.
The imperial court, like the North Star, will not change in the end, and the Western Hills of Kohl will not invade Tibet.
However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain.
To annotate ...
1 customer heart: customer heart.
(2) The first sentence and the second sentence are causal inversion. It is hard to think of Wanfang when boarding the plane, so I am very sad.
③ Jinjiang: Zhuojinjiang, a tributary of Minjiang River that flows through Chengdu. Brocade produced in Chengdu, rinsed in the river, is more colorful, hence the name Zhuo Jinjiang. A tributary of the Minjiang River flows through Chengdu. Come to heaven and earth: come with heaven and earth.
(4) Like a cloud beside the Jade Peak, between ancient and modern times: it means that the political situation is changeable, life is difficult and unpredictable, like a cloud on the mountain, which has always been the case. Lei Yu: The name of the mountain is in the west of guanxian, Sichuan, and the northwest of Chengdu. Changes from ancient times to modern times: changes from ancient times to modern times.
⑤ North Pole: Polaris, which is a metaphor for the imperial center. Never change: I can't change after all, and I haven't changed at last.
6 Xishan bandits: Tubo. The historical facts written in these two sentences are as follows: In October of the first year of Guangde (763), Tubo invaded Chang 'an and moved out of Shaanxi. Tubo made Li Chenghong, Guangwu Emperor, emperor (as a puppet), changed his reign, granted amnesty to the whole world, set up hundreds of officials, stayed for fifteen days, and then abdicated. In December, Dai Zong returned to Chang 'an, and Cheng Hong fled to the wild and was forgiven. In the same month, Tubo captured Songpan, Uygur and Baozhou (in Songpan and Lixian in the east of Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province) and established two new cities in Yunshan. "Never change" and "mutual non-aggression" are all the same.
⑦ Empress: Liu Chan, son of Liu Bei, was the queen of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Wei destroyed Shu, resigned from the temple and went north, becoming the king of national subjugation. Huanci Temple: There are also temples. This means that a monarch who perishes, such as the late Shu Lord, is not worthy of owning a temple. But because Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang did something unforgettable for the people of Shu, they built a temple for him. Datang has been founded for more than a hundred years, and even if it is difficult, it will not die. On the other hand, Du Fu also used the ancient times to satirize the present: the Lord of Shu favored eunuch Huang Hao and trusted eunuchs Cheng and Yu Chaoen. Still: still.
Talk: I don't want to do this, but let's do it. Fu Liang's Song: Sad Melody. "The reflection says that Zhuge Liang cultivated Long Mu with great concentration in order to write the Song of Fu Liang.
Rhyme translation
Going upstairs to look at the spring and seeing flowers and wanderers is getting more and more sad; It is difficult for Wanfang to be full of worries. I'm here to board the plane.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang comes from the edge of heaven and earth; Clouds in Lei Yu have been unpredictable since ancient times.
The court of Datang * Polaris is unshakable; Tubo Yidimo came to harass the futile invasion again.
It's a pity that Liu was so stupid that he set up a temple to worship; At dusk, I want to learn to sing like Fu Liang and chat like Kongming.
Comment and analysis
This poem was written by Du Fu in the spring of 764 AD (the second year of Guangde in Tang Daizong). At that time, the poet had lived in Sichuan for the fifth year. In the first month of last year, loyalists recovered Henan and Hebei, and the Anshi rebellion was put down; In October, Tubo captured Chang 'an, set up a puppet, changed the title of the year, and fled Shaanxi for generations. Soon, Guo Ziyi regained its capital. At the end of the year, Tubo conquered Songsong, Uygur, Bao and other states (in present-day northern Sichuan), and then captured Jiannan, Xishan and other states. In the poem, "Xishan bandits" refers to Tubo, and Tubo has the strongest invasion. At the same time, it also refers to the decline of eunuchs' authoritarian power, the separatist regime of the buffer region, the diplomatic difficulties of the court and the disasters.
The first couplet mentioned the whole article, "Ten thousand people are so difficult", which is the starting point for the whole poem to write scenery and express emotions. At such a difficult time, the poet who left his hometown was full of worries and boarded the building. Although the flowers are dazzling, the poet is sad, sad and heartbroken for the national disaster. Flowers hurt the guest's heart, which is the same as "where petals flow like tears" ("Spring Hope"). In writing, first, it is an abnormal phenomenon for poets to be sad about flowers, and second, it is because of the difficulties of ten thousand parties, the cause and effect are reversed and the situation is abrupt; The word "boarding" leads to the following impression. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
The natural landscape that the poet saw when he climbed the building described spectacular mountains and rivers, and Jinjiang and Lei Yu were what he saw when he climbed the building. The poet looks at the balcony from afar, and the water in Jinjiang rushes from the edge of heaven and earth. The spring scenery is vigorous, and the floating clouds on Lei Yu Mountain are floating up and down, just like the changes of the ancient and modern world, and the poet associates with the turbulent situation of the country. The first sentence broadens the horizon to space, and the second sentence is about the galloping and thinking of time, which is vast and vast, forming a vast and far-reaching realm including the universe through the ages, full of poets' praise for the mountains and rivers of the motherland and nostalgia for national history; Moreover, climbing high and overlooking, in all directions, he went to the northwest front alone, revealing the poet's infinite worries about the country and the people.
Ties talk about the general trend of the world, and "imperial court" and "bandits" are what the poet thought when he went upstairs. Polaris is located in the center of the northern sky, symbolizing the regime of the Tang Dynasty. The last sentence "Never change", which is opposite to the fourth sentence "Change from ancient times to modern times", comes from the fact that Tubo captured the capital the year before last, and the restoration of Dai Zong soon shows that the Tang Empire has a long history of luck. The next sentence of "bandits and thieves" and "invasion" further illustrates the second sentence of "ten thousand people are hard to be enemies" and tells the message of opposing Tubo's covetousness: "Don't invade in vain again!" Strict words, righteous words, full of pride and awe, and burning anxiety of firm belief.
William eulogized historical sites, satirized the bad king of the dynasty, and placed himself in the poet's personal arms. The latter, Liu Chan of Shu Han, prized eunuchs and finally perished; The main temple is outside the Jinmen Gate in Chengdu, with Wuhou Temple in the west and Houzhu Temple in the east. Fu Liangyin is a Yuefu poem that Zhuge Liang liked to read before he met Liu Bei. Used as a metaphor for this poem "Climbing the Building", it contains admiration for Zhuge Wuhou. The poet stood on the roof, hesitating. Soon the sun has set in the west, and in the boundless twilight, the temples of the first and second main temples in the south of the city are faintly visible. Thinking of the late emperor Liu Chan, the poet can't help but sigh: "Pity the country's death and the faint monarch, who is worthy of such a person as Zhuge Wuhou who lives in the harem and enjoys the incense of later generations!" This is Liu Chan's metaphor for Tang Daizong and Li Yu. Li Yu's heavy use of eunuchs Cheng and Yu Chaoen caused difficulties in state affairs and Tubo's invasion, which was very similar to Liu Chan's trust in Huang Hao and his subjugation. The difference is that the poet lived in an era when there was only a bad king like Liu and no saint like Zhuge Liang. The poet himself, with an empty heart to help the world, has no way to contribute. Wan Li's hometown, high-rise sunset, full of worries, but he can only rely on poetry to talk.
The whole poem expresses the feelings of the scene, writing about mountains and rivers is related to the changes of society through the ages, and talking about personnel with the help of natural scenery, mutual penetration and mutual tolerance; His ci is a combination of natural scenery, national tragedy and personal feelings, which is extensive and profound, and reflects the poet's gloomy artistic style.
This seven-melody is very rigorous in beat. The two couplets in the middle are steady, and the neckline is a flowing pair, which has the pleasure of flying away. In terms of language, he is especially good at honing the fifth word of each sentence (except the last sentence). The "injury" in the first sentence adds a tragic atmosphere to the whole poem, and it is very sudden and causes strong suspense. The second sentence "this" has multiple meanings, such as "this time", "this place", "this person" and "this trip", and it also contains the feeling that it can only be so. The three sentences of "Lai" set off the spring scenery of Jinjiang, which was overwhelming and shocking. The "change" of the four sentences, such as clouds turning into pale dogs and things changing like the sea, has aroused readers' reverie. The "last" in the five sentences is "last", "forever" and "forever"; There is joy, hope and confidence, which makes the word "Mo" in the six sentences full of the power that scares thieves. The "return" in the seven sentences is the tone of "it is not appropriate", which shows great contempt for the country and the king in ancient and modern times. Only the last sentence focuses on the third word. "Chat" means "I don't want to do this, but I can only do this", which expresses the poet's helpless sadness and echoes the word "this" in the second sentence.
It is particularly noteworthy that the word "near" in the first sentence and the word "dusk" in the last sentence play a prominent role in the conception of this poem. The whole poem is about the impression of climbing the building, pitching and looking at the mountains and rivers, all from the perspective of space; Sunset points out that the poet has been wandering for a long time. This gives consideration to space and time, and enhances the three-dimensional sense of artistic conception. As far as space is concerned, both Jinjiang and Lei Yu in the northwest and Houzhu Temple in the south of the city are distant scenery. The beginning of Flowers Near Tall Buildings is close at hand. The combination of long-range and close-range makes the realm of poetry broad and vigorous without regret.
Poets of all ages spoke highly of this poem. Pu Qilong, a Qing man, commented: "This is a masterpiece of nature." ("Reading Du Fu's New Interpretation" Volume 4) Shen Deqian is even more full of praise: "The weather is magnificent, and the cage covers the universe, which is the highest of Du Fu's poems." ("Don't cut Tang Poetry" Volume 13)
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Poets are naturally sentimental, not only have a strong affinity with nature, but also pay great attention to what happens in the world. As a great poet, Du Fu has both.
The poem "Climbing the Building" was written in the spring of 664 AD. At this time, Du Fu had lived in the Caotang in Chengdu, Sichuan for five years. In the past five years, he has tasted the ups and downs of the world. Although the eight-year Anshi Rebellion ended last spring, it was followed by another disaster. In the autumn of 763, Tubo captured Chang 'an, Kyoto, and made Emperor Guangwu Chenghong a puppet emperor. The emperor fled on behalf of the clan. In December, Guo Ziyi, the general of the Tang Dynasty, recovered the capital and Daizong returned to Chang 'an from Shanzhou. The puppet emperor Cheng Hong escaped from the grass. By the end of the year, Tubo captured some counties. At this time, the imperial court had many difficulties in diplomacy. There is chaos in the internal affairs, the eunuchs are authoritarian, the provinces are separated, and there are Tubo intrusions outside, which is really "difficult for ten thousand people." For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
It is against this background that Du Fu went upstairs to overlook, recalled the past and the present, and was filled with emotion, before he wrote this monumental work with historical significance. The beginning of the poem is abrupt and lofty, deliberately reversing the cause and effect, but the beginning is like a raging storm, unstoppable. Poets climb the building, flowers are like flowers, and the building is in the sea of flowers, and guests are on the balcony. They should be ecstatic, but they are sad! According to the rules, the two sentences of the first couplet should be reversed, the first sentence should be written on the board, and then the feelings should be written. Because of the poet's passion, it suddenly erupted like a volcano and spewed out. "Hurting the guest's heart" also reverses the relationship between subject and object. Poets look at flowers, even if they are sad, it is also their own feelings. What does it have to do with other people's flowers? This is the genius of the poet. Du Fu experienced the whole process of An Shi Rebellion, eight years, wandering from place to place, wandering the world. Now that the Anshi rebellion has subsided and the Tubo rebels again, how can the poet be quiet? Who can he blame? Now I can only take it out on the incompetent Chunhua: your provocation makes me sad! Why are you sad? The root cause is precisely because of the "ten thousand difficulties."
Couplets are closely linked with the first couplet. Write down what you saw when you boarded the ship. In ancient Yang Zai, a number of poets and legalists, he discussed couplets in this way: "Or freehand brushwork, or scenery, or things, with things as inspiration. This couplet must be connected, and it must be like a dragon ball. " The words "Spring is magnificent, floating between heaven and earth, like a jade peak and a cloud, between ancient and modern times" are based on the scene and closely linked to the first couplet "Holding on but not taking off". The two sentences about scenery have their own division of labor. The last sentence is written from near to far. Jinjiang spring water, the waves rolling, carrying the spring scenery of heaven and earth, rushing away until it is out of the poet's field of vision. The next sentence is written from today to now. Lei Yu is the name of this mountain. The clouds on the mountain have been changing. This also implies that the changes in the world are unpredictable like clouds on the Lei Yu Mountain.
Neck couplets are written about feelings when going upstairs. The North Pole, Polaris, is a metaphor for royalty. "Never change" means that the regime of the royal family in the Tang Dynasty must never fall into the hands of others. This is to celebrate the officers and men's recapture of the capital and Dai Zong's return to Chang 'an. "And bandits dare not go to the West Mountain" is telling Tubo: Don't invade the territory of Datang! The poet's patriotism is vividly on the paper.
Tail couplet is the poet's emotion after he boarded the temple after Shu. Liu Chan doted on eunuchs, which eventually led to the confusion of state affairs. But can this generation of eunuchs appoint people to their posts? The poet is really worried about the future of the country. Finally, he hoped that he could make contributions to the imperial court as Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chan. Now I have to write a poem like Fu Liangyin to comfort myself, just as Zhuge Liang did before he met him.
The narrative, scenery description, lyricism and discussion of the whole poem are integrated into one, which gives people a strong artistic appeal and is really worthy of being a masterpiece carefully planned by a generation.
Comment and analysis
?
This poem expresses the poet's deep anxiety about the national disaster and infinite sadness about serving the country.
The first couplet mentions the whole article, "ten thousand people are so difficult" is the starting point of the whole poem to write scenery and express emotion. In March, the spring is full, and the flowers are near the tall buildings, just for appreciation, but the poet is moved by this scene and can't help it. "Sorrow is not in flowers, but in ten thousand people" ("Jin Shengtan selected and approved Du Fu's poems"). This time, the war is not over and current events are disturbing. The whole poem begins with inverted sentences, and the language is extremely frustrating. Like "Where petals flow like tears" in "Spring Watch", flowers hurt guests' hearts, and they all use the contrast method of happy writing and sad writing.
Zhuan Xu followed "boarding the ship" and wrote down what he saw and heard. The splendid spring scenery on the vast Chengdu Plain, accompanied by the surging of Jinjiang spring water, permeates between heaven and earth. "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes, you must change like a pale dog" (alas). The floating clouds on the top of the mountain in Lei Yu remind the poet of the changes in the ancient and modern world. Among them, "today" means the vicissitudes of the world since the "An Shi Rebellion". Two lyrical sentences, thinking for thousands of years, magnificent and fantastic, with a broad realm. Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, commented on this poem "The weather is majestic and the universe is covered" ("Three Hundred Tang Poems"), mainly aiming at these two sentences. Starting from the fourth sentence, the couplet describes the current situation of "how difficult it is for 10 thousand people", which is also my idea when I boarded the plane. "How difficult is it for 10,000 people?" It is impossible to write all of them, so I only focus on things like Tubo being trapped in the capital and disturbing Sichuan. This is a catastrophe after the Anshi Rebellion. The last sentence "never change" inherits the fourth sentence "change from ancient times to the present", which shows that the Tang Empire has a long history of luck. It is precisely because the author firmly believes that "the imperial court will never change" that the next sentence says "non-aggression" against the wishes of Tubo. The word Yan Yizheng is awe-inspiring, showing a firm belief in burning anxiety. Wang Siyuan, a scholar of Amin Dynasty, said: "The Arctic court has a long history, such as the river of Jin, which will never change; And' bandits of the Western Hills' are like clouds on the jade base, so they don't come to invade each other "(Du Yi). The internal relationship between abdominal joint and parallel joint is well expounded.
William expressed his gratitude for the monument he saw when he climbed the building. His words were euphemistic and ironic. Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu, still enjoys the sacrifice, but he really has no way to conquer the king of the country, which can only make people feel sorry. This is entirely through the sight of places of interest, lamenting Liu Chan's death of employing people, and making a sharp and profound satire on Tang Daizong's favorite eunuchs Cheng and Yu Chaoen, making it difficult for ten thousand people to invade. Sum up a sentence and hurt yourself. Du Fu is a man who is willing to commit suicide in times of crisis and reports to the Lord in times of crisis. However, at this difficult time, he can only climb stairs here and recite poems, just like Zhuge Liang who worked hard in Longmu in the past, but he is ill in his later years and has no ambition. How can he not be sad! This is the main reason why the first sentence "flowers are as high as my window and hurt the hearts of wanderers".
The whole poem expresses the feelings of the scenery, and the mountains and rivers are magnificent, which is connected with the changes of the ancient and modern world. Artemisia can penetrate the natural scenery in difficult times and integrate natural scenery, national disaster and personal feelings. His writing is extensive and profound, which well reflects the poet's depressed artistic style.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Henan Province) and his ancestral home was Xiangyang. In his early years, he traveled to wuyue in the south and Zhao Qi in the north, but he failed to get into the imperial examination. After entering Chang 'an, after ten years of hard life, I finally became a small official in charge of weapons. An Shi Rebellion broke out and was captured by the rebels. After he escaped from danger, he went to Lingwu to see Tang Suzong, was appointed as Zuo Shiyi, and was demoted to join the army as Sigong of Huazhou. Later, he abandoned his official position and went to the west to settle in Qin Zhou, and then settled in Chengdu Caotang, Sichuan. When Yan Wu was appointed as the magistrate of Chengdu, he awarded Du Fu the position of Yuanwailang in the calibration department. A year later, Yanwu died and Du Fu moved to Kuizhou. Later, he left the Three Gorges, drifted around Hubei and Hunan, and died on a boat. Du Fu experienced ups and downs, left chaos, experienced difficulties and hardships, and wrote many poems that reflected reality and worried about the country and people. His poems are called "the history of poetry". He is a great realistic poet who combines the artistic achievements of poetry and connects the past with the future.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He was the pioneer of the poetic style of Han Yuefu, and his Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
Du Fu (AD 7 12- AD 770), with beautiful words, often claimed to be young and old at night in his poems. He was born in Xiangyang (Gongxian County, Henan Province) to a landlord family. His grandfather Du was a poet in the era of Wu Zetian and his father was a magistrate of Yanzhou County, so he also enjoyed the privilege of not paying taxes and refusing to perform military service. But his life is very difficult.
He began to recite poems at the age of seven, and "reading thousands of books" and "secretly reading thousands of books" prepared sufficient conditions for his creation.
At the age of twenty, he started to travel south to wuyue and then to Zhao Qi. After ten years' intensive tour, he enjoyed the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland, which not only enriched his life, but also broadened his vision and mind, which made his early poems have a strong romantic color. In the fifth year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 746), Du Fu, 35, came to Chang 'an. The following year, he took the imperial examination of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Due to Li's obstruction, none of the candidates were admitted. Since then, there is no way to make progress and live a humiliating life of "rich in the morning and fat at night". This also enabled him to see the sufferings of the lower class and the evils of the ruling class, and thus wrote realistic masterpieces such as Garage Shop, Two Roads, and Going to Fengxian to pay homage.
It was not until the fourteenth year of Tianbao (AD 755) that he got the position of "You Wei led the government soldier Cao Shenjun" and was responsible for guarding the armory warehouse. In the same year, "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, and Du Fu was visiting relatives in Fengxian (Pucheng, Shaanxi). In the second year, he settled down in Qiang Village, Fuxian County (Shaanxi Province) and went to Su Zong, who acceded to the throne in Lingwu (Gansu Province). On the way, he was captured by the rebels and taken to occupied Chang 'an, during which he witnessed the killing and looting atrocities of the rebels and the suffering of the people. It was not until April of the second year of Zhide (AD 757) that he ventured to Fengxiang (Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), the temporary residence of Su Zong, and was awarded the left photograph. Soon after, because he helped save the house, he was demoted to join the army as secretary of Huazhou. Since then, he has been repeatedly denounced and has a deeper understanding of the sufferings of the people. The social reality he heard and witnessed provided materials for his creation of "Spring Watch", "Ai Jiang Tou", "Northern Expedition" and "Three Officials and Three Farewells", which made his poems reach the peak of realism.
"I am full of sadness and trouble because people travel far." In 759 AD, he abandoned his official position, moved his family to the west and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage in the west of Huanhuaxi, named Du Fu Cottage, also known as Huanhuacao Hall. Later, it was recommended by Yanwu as the festival capital, and the whole family lived in fengjie county, Sichuan. Two years later, I left fengjie county and moved around Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Tang Daizong Dali (770), the poet died on a boat in Xiangjiang River. In his last eleven years in southwest China, although he lived a different life, he wrote more than 1000 poems, such as Autumn Wind Broken Cottage, Yellow River Banks Recovered by Imperial Army, Autumn Prosperity, Sui Yanxing and so on.
Contrast between English and Chinese
Denglou
Du Fu
Flowers are close to tall buildings and far away from my hometown. I am very sad. There are disasters everywhere in this country, so I climbed up to see them.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang flooded in, and the clouds on the mountain, ancient, varied and changeable.
Although the country has been established for a while, it is as strong as the North Star, and thieves dare not go out of the Western Hills.
However, in the twilight, I felt sorry for the sorrow of a long-lost emperor. I sang the songs that his prime minister sang when he was not unfamiliar on the mountain.
From upstairs
Du Fu
Flowers, as high as my window, hurt the hearts of wanderers.
Because I see from this height that sadness is everywhere.
The silk river with bright spring scenery floats between heaven and earth.
Like a jade peak, between ancient and modern times.
... although the country was established for some time, it was as stable as Polaris.
Robbers dare not venture from the western hills,
However, in his twilight years, he felt sorry for the sorrow of an emperor who had long since disappeared.
I sang the song of his prime minister when he was not heard on the mountain.