Allusions are also a rhetorical device in poetry, which can avoid being clear at a glance and leave room for readers to associate and think between the lines. Clever and appropriate use of allusions can make poetry rich in meaning, concise, implicit, solemn and elegant, make expression more vivid, make poetry more concise, make words near and far, implicit and euphemistic, thus improving the expressive force and appeal of works.
The function of allusions is 1. Comment on history and discuss the present with reference to the past.
Bo Qinzhun (Du Mu)
The smoke cage is stuffed with water and sand, and the night is near Qinhuai restaurant.
Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
The title of the poem "backyard flower" is yushu backyard flower written by Chen Houzhu Tour Guide, which is called "the voice of national subjugation" by later generations. Poets lived in the late Tang Dynasty, when the national fortune declined. These rulers did not pay attention to state affairs, but gathered in restaurants to enjoy decadent music. How can they not let the poet worry that history will repeat itself? Therefore, the poet here borrows the historical story of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation due to debauchery to satirize the wasted time of the rulers in the late Tang Dynasty.
? 2. Lyric expression, showing the heart.
Su Shi's "When will Feng Tang be born?" There is an allusion in the book. According to the biography of Han Feng Tang, Shang Wei served as the satrap in Yunzhong during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and made meritorious service to Xiongnu, but he was convicted and dismissed for reporting six more heads when he made meritorious service. Later, Wendi adopted Feng Tang's suggestion and sent Feng Tang and Jeff to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei.
Here, the poet is in Michigan, and his talent is not obtained, and his ambition is hard to pay. Shang Wei speaks for itself. I hope that one day, the imperial court can also send people like Feng Tang to express their lofty aspirations.
3. Advocating association and innovating artistic conception.
Broken array (Xin Qiji)?
Drunk in the dream of watching the sword under the oil lamp, dreaming back to the old days of the military camp, a horn sounded. Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to turn over the Great Wall, and the enemy is on the battlefield in autumn.
Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation. It's in vain.
The words "800 Li" and "Delu" involve two allusions: First, according to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Jin and Wang Ji bet on the "800 Li refutation" of cattle. After Ji Wang won, he killed the cow and roasted it. Later generations referred to it as 800 Li. Second, it is said that the deer and horse that Liu Bei once rode jumped off the Tanxi River in the west of Xiangyang City and was out of danger. Using these two allusions to create a magnificent artistic conception, readers can't help but see the spectacular scene of rewarding soldiers before the war broke out and the fierce scene of iron-blooded soldiers flying over the enemy lines on the battlefield, which is very penetrating.
? 4. Concise and informative.
Liu Yuxi's "The First Banquet in Yangzhou to Enjoy Lotte" says "Homesickness is empty, playing the flute. Returning home is like a rotten ke. Here, two allusions are used to express his feelings of returning after being demoted for more than 20 years, namely, playing flute with Xiang embroidery and meeting immortals with Wang Zhi.
"Wendy Fu" implied dissatisfaction with the persecution of the old friend by the rulers at that time, and expressed deep nostalgia for the old friend. It is implied that he has been relegated by "rotten ke" for too long, and this time he came back as if it was a lifetime ago, and he felt completely different in personnel. This is no longer the past. Fourteen short words express such complicated feelings, which is the charm of allusions. At the same time, we can also see that the allusion also makes the poetry antithesis neat, harmonious in rhyme and rigorous in structure. While increasing the connotation of poetry, it also increases the neatness of its appearance.