2. People's Literature 19 18 In February, New Youth published Zhou Zuoren's People's Literature, which had a great influence on the literary revolution at that time. Starting from the requirement of personality liberation, Zhou Zuoren fully affirmed humanitarianism, emphasized an "ideal life" in which "self-interest benefits others, and benefiting others means self-interest", and put forward "humanitarianism-oriented writing that records and studies various problems in life is called human literature". He believes that new literature is human literature and should fully show the humanity of "harmony between spirit and flesh". This profoundly influenced the creation of the theme of personality liberation during the May 4th Movement. In another popular literature, Zhou Zuoren further elaborated the idea of "human literature", emphasized that literature must be applied to life, and affirmed the literary concept of "truth is the main thing, beauty lies in it", which had a great influence on the creation during the May 4th Movement, especially the life school.
3. The Literature Research Association is the first pure literature group in China New Literature Movement. It was founded in 192 1, with Mao Dun and others as its founders and Novel Monthly as its position, and actively advocated the literary revolution. Mao Dun, its main theorist, suggested that literature should honestly express life, especially the oppressed people. In terms of creative methods, he mainly advocates realism and opposes aestheticism and romanticism. The achievements of writers in the Literature Research Association are mainly manifested in novel creation, such as Mao Dun's trilogy Eclipse, Ye Shengtao's Ni Huanzhi, Xu Dishan's Weaving a Spider, and Bing Xin's Superman. Through the detailed description and in-depth analysis of reality, they all show the characteristics of realism and become the representative works of this expressionist literary school.
4. Creation Society was established in July, 192 1. It is one of the most accomplished and influential literary societies in the history of modern literature in China. Its main members are Guo Moruo and Yu Dafu, and its main publications are Creative Quarterly and Creative Weekly. The literature of the Creation Society advocates the obvious color of art for art's sake. It emphasizes that literature is a writer's self-expression, strongly opposes the social function of literature and art, and thinks that we should get rid of all utilitarianism and strive for self-improvement. At the same time, they strongly oppose social darkness. The main creative method of Creative Society is romanticism, which pays attention to expressing personal feelings and expressing one's own personality. For example, Guo Moruo's poetry anthology Qian Mao, Yu Dafu's Diluoxing, and A Night Intoxicated by the Spring Breeze have all become representative works of the Creation Society, with strong subjective lyrical color and distinct romantic tendency.
5. Crescent Society Crescent Society was founded in Beijing 1923. Its activities moved to Shanghai in the spring of 1927 and ended in 1933. Its main members are Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Wen Yiduo and Liang Shiqiu. They took the Morning Post Supplement as their position, and later founded Poetry Weekly and Crescent Monthly. Crescent Society is a faction involving politics, ideology, scholarship and literature, which shows the characteristics of bourgeois liberalism in thought and organization. Its main contribution in the history of modern literature in China lies in new poetry. Wen Yiduo, Xu Zhimo and others put forward the idea of new metrical poetry in view of the prosaic tendency embodied in free verse. They have an aesthetic tendency to pursue the art of poetry, but this is of great significance to the development of the artistic skills of new poetry at that time. Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge and Wen Yiduo's Dead Water are both representative works of the Crescent School.
6. The Language Society Language Society is called Language Weekly, which was founded in Beijing in June19241/kloc-0. It is composed of the main writers of Yusi, and the main representatives are Zhou Zuoren, Lu Xun, Lin Yutang, Qian, Sun Fuyuan, Yu Pingbo and Liu Bannong. It is the earliest publication in the history of modern literature in China, mainly publishing mixed feelings, short comments and sketches. The prose creation of Silk Society writers has formed a unique "silk" style, which is arbitrary in ideological content and innovative in art, with literary sketches and essays as the main forms, humorous and ironic. The sharp and pungent essays represented by Lu Xun and the elegant essays represented by Zhou Zuoren and Lin Yutang formed two categories of prose creation, which had an important influence on the development of prose.
Stylistic and Literary Phenomena in The History of Modern Literature in China
7. The problem novel Bing Xin was one of the earliest writers who created the "problem novel", which had a great influence. She published her first novel "Two Families" on 19 19, and has since written many "problem novels". The so-called "problem novel" is a novel with the theme of family, women, marriage, labor, youth and other social problems, which makes people question, alert and thought-provoking. Bing Xin's "problem novel" covers a wide range and has a certain ideological depth. His representative works include: Two Families, Lonely and Helpless You, Sister of Zhuang Hong, The Return of the Native, etc. Lu Yin, a female writer, is also one of the creators of "problem novels".
8. Local Literature In the 1920s, a group of young writers who were close to the countryside appeared in China's modern literary world. Their works are mostly influenced by Lu Xun, with rural life as the theme and farmers' sufferings as the main content, forming the so-called "local literature". Local literature appeared under the influence and development of the literary proposition "for life". In the process of exploring the true meaning of life and pursuing an ideal society, the writer pays attention to the most oppressed farmers. The bankruptcy of peasants, the tragic fate of rural women, the bad habits of feudal countryside and the numbness of peasants' thoughts, as well as the decline of small and medium-sized landlords and petty bourgeoisie, are all deeply manifested. Representative writers' works are: Wang's Tired. Xu's Crazy Woman, Snuff, Tian by Tai Jingnong, etc.
9. The style of Silk is named after essays with the same characteristics written by members of Silk Society. The Silk Society, named Silk Weekly, was founded in Beijing in June 1924 1 1. It is composed of the main writers of Yusi, and the main representatives are Zhou Zuoren, Lu Xun, Lin Yutang, Qian, Sun Fuyuan, Yu Pingbo and Liu Bannong. The publication of Yu Si is mainly prose. In terms of creation, although the ideas and artistic opinions of colleagues in Threads Society are not consistent, they have formed a consistent style in criticizing the disadvantages of the times: innovating from the old, discussing the ancient and the modern, combining the ancient and the modern, combining the Zhuang and the harmonic, being concise and bright, and eclectic-this is the distinctive feature of Threads style. The most representative prose creation has two aspects: one is the essay represented by Lu Xun and the other is the essay represented by Zhou Zuoren.
10, Beijing school novels in the late 1920s and 1930s, the literary center moved south to Shanghai and stayed as a group of freelance writers in Beijing, Tianjin or other northern cities, which was also called the "Northern Writers" school at that time. "Beijing School" has no formal organization, just a name. The novels created by "Beijing School" writers are called "Beijing School Novels". Beijing school novels are simple in style, close to the life of the bottom people, and integrate romanticism and subjectivism into realistic creation. The main representative writers are Shen Congwen, Fei Ming and Lu Shao. Shen Congwen's novels Border Town, Sasha Vujacic and Long River are among the outstanding works.
1 1. The novel of New Sensation School, which appeared in the early 1930s, is an important part of China's modern literary creation. The basic feature of "New Sensation School" novels is to emphasize the writer's subjective feelings, rather than the real description of objective life. Liu Naou is the first experimenter in the novel of "New Sensation School". 1September, 928, he founded the semimonthly "Trolley Train", which marked the beginning of China's "New Sensation School" novel. His collection of short stories, Urban Scenery, is the first collection of neo-sensualism novels in modern China. Mu Shiying and Shi Zhecun pushed the "New Sensation School" novels to maturity, and they used montage and psychological analysis of characters to highlight their feelings and impressions of real life. Shanghai Foxtrot Dance and Night of Plum Rain are their representative works.
12. The three beauties of poetry, namely architectural beauty, musical beauty and painting beauty, were advocated by Wen Yiduo and his contribution to the theory of new poetry. The theory of "three beauties" advocates that poetry creation should have architectural beauty, musical beauty and painting beauty. It was put forward in view of the scattered form of new poetry at that time. This proposition laid the theoretical foundation of the new metrical school and made some contributions to the development of new poetry.
13, Modernist Poetry Modernist poetry produced by China in 1930s was generally inspired and influenced by French symbolist poetry. At the same time, he inherited some artistic pursuits of China symbolist poetry represented by Li Jinfa in the 1920s. In 1930s, China's modernist poetry especially pursued the hazy beauty produced by poetry creation as a whole, and pursued the connection between fantastic ideas and complex images, so as to construct the connotation of poetry. Modernist poets often sigh with their unique youthful morbid heart, express their dissatisfaction and struggle with society, and also reveal their deep loneliness and melancholy about life. Dai Wangshu was a "representative of modernist poetry" in 1930s.
14, literature in enemy-occupied areas Literature in enemy-occupied areas was an integral part of literary creation during the Anti-Japanese War. 194 1 when Shanghai was completely occupied, Vientiane, the most influential literary magazine, United a large number of progressive writers in Shanghai and published a large number of works with patriotic ideals to expose the dark and decadent life of the old society, such as Master of the Hopeless Village by Shi Tuo, A Drama on Earth (a script) and Novels by Zhang Ailing. Because of the occupied area of Beiping, Zhou Zuoren's leisure sketches are the most prominent. His prose collections, Quotations from the Drug Party and Collection of Medicinal Flavors, typically show the contradictory mentality of a national apostate in a dilemma.