Tang poetry generally refers to poems written in the Tang Dynasty. Tang poetry is the most precious cultural heritage of the Han nationality and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture, which also has great influence on the cultural development of neighboring nationalities and countries. The Tang Dynasty is considered to be the dynasty with the richest old poems in China, so it is called Tang Poetry and Song Poetry. Most of the Tang poems are included in The Complete Poems of Tang Poetry. Since the Tang Dynasty, anthologies of Tang poetry have emerged continuously, and the most widely spread is "Three Hundred Tang Poems" compiled by retired scholars in Hengtang. The creation of Tang poetry can be divided into four stages according to time: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang. There were many poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are of course world-famous great poets. Besides them, there are countless other poets, like the stars all over the sky. There are more than 2300 famous poets today. More than 48,900 of their works are preserved in the whole Tang poetry. Tang poetry has a wide range of themes. Some of them reflected the class status and class contradictions of the society at that time and exposed the darkness of feudal society; Some praise the just war and express patriotic thoughts; Some depict the beauty of the motherland's rivers and mountains; In addition, some people express their personal ambitions and experiences, some express their children's love, some tell the friendship of friends, the joys and sorrows of life and so on. In short, natural phenomena, political dynamics, working life, social customs and personal feelings can't escape the poet's keen eyes, making their writing the theme. In terms of creative methods, there are both realism and romanticism, and many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming an excellent tradition of China's classical poetry.
Song Ci is a new poetry genre popular among Han people in Song Dynasty, which marks the highest achievement of Song literature. Song ci has long and short sentences, which are easy to sing. Because it is the lyrics of music and harmony, it is also called tune, Yuefu, music movement, long and short sentences, poetry, piano music and so on. It began in the Han Dynasty, took shape in the Tang and Five Dynasties and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Song Ci is a bright pearl in the crown of ancient Chinese literature in China, and a fragrant and gorgeous garden in Yuen Long, an ancient Chinese literature. With colorful and varied charm, she competes with Tang poetry and Yuanqu, and has always been said to be as famous as Tang poetry, representing the prosperity of a generation of literature. Later, there was a book with the same name, Song Ci.
The representative figures of Song Ci mainly include Su Shi, Xin Qiji (uninhibited school), Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao. (Elegant School)
Yuan Qu, or Yuan Zaju, is a popular opera art in Yuan Dynasty, and it is the general name of Sanqu or Zaju. Compared with the legend of Ming Dynasty (Nanqu), later generations called Yuanqu Beiqu. Yuanqu has the same literary status as Song Ci and Tang Poetry. Broadly speaking, Qu refers to all kinds of music that can be enjoyed since Qin and Han Dynasties, such as Han Daqu, Tang and Song Daqu and folk ditty. Usually, it refers to Nanqu and Beiqu since the Song Dynasty. The style of the same word is similar, but it can generally be inserted in the number of words, which is more free and more spoken. Can be divided into drama (or drama, including zaju, legend and so on. ) and Sanqu have been very popular since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Therefore, later generations have the name of Yuanqu. Compared with the vulgar ci with the name of "rogue", Ci and Qu are twin brothers, Ci is handsome, and Qu has the flavor of rogue. The four masters of Yuan Opera: Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu. Three elements of Yuanqu: singing (lyrics), acting (action) and speaking (dialogue). The representative work of Yuan Qu: Dou E Yuan 1. Gongdiao: Gongdiao refers to the mode of ancient music in China. Qu and Gong Diao originated from Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties. There are five palaces and four tones commonly used in North and South music, which are collectively referred to as Nine Palaces or Nine Palaces, including Gong Zheng, Lv Zhong Palace and Lu Nan Palace. The number of opera episodes and Sanqu episodes in Yuan Qu is connected by two different tunes in the same palace tune. 2. Qupai: commonly known as "Quzi", it is the general name of various tunes.
Ming and Qing Dynasties are the prosperous periods in the history of China's novels. Since the Ming Dynasty, novel, as a literary form, has fully demonstrated its social function and literary value, broken the monopoly of orthodox poetry, and achieved the status of literary history on a par with Tang poetry, Song ci and Yuan qu. The Qing Dynasty was a period when China's classical novels flourished and declined and turned into modern novels. China's novels began to take shape in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which prepared the conditions for the prosperity of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, based on the scripts, the novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and The Journey to the West were produced. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a folk story of the Three Kingdoms recorded by Luo Guanzhong.