original text
The Book of Songs? 6? 1? 6? 1 Pre-Qin
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river.
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Shepherd's purse is uneven, left and right [1].
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
translate
Turn off the singing waterfowl,
Living on a sandbar in the river.
Kind and beautiful girl,
My hero's good spouse.
Shepherd's purse is uneven in length,
The girl went to pick around.
Kind and beautiful girl,
I woke up and dreamed of her.
Missing and pursuing are unattainable,
Wake up and dream of Sauvignon Blanc.
I miss you very much,
Tossing and turning is hard to sleep.
Shepherd's purse is uneven in length,
The girl went to pick around.
Kind and beautiful girl,
Play the harp and get close to her.
Shepherd's purse is uneven in length,
The girl went around to pick it up.
Kind and beautiful girl,
Ring the bell and drum to please her.
brief introduction
Is Guan Ju from The Book of Songs? 6? 1 national wind? 6? Nan Zhou (1) is the first poem in The Book of Songs, which reflects a young man's love and pursuit for a beautiful girl and is the ancestor of China's love poems. It not only reflects the popular love theme, but also has unique artistic characteristics. Guan Ju: The title is taken from the first sentence of the poem. This is how the title of The Book of Songs came into being.
To annotate ...
Crown dove: the name of the waterfowl, namely the osprey. Legend has it that they are single-minded
Autumn: (Qi) is a foreign word, (Qi), which means kill two birds with one stone.
Shepherd's purse: the name of aquatic plants
Wake up, sleep, sleep.
[1]: Tone cap, indicating selection.
Xingya. Customs clearance, the sum of men and women is also corresponding. Guanluo, a water bird, is a kind of Wang Ju and heron. Today, it exists between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. Life and life are fixed, and occasionally they don't mess with each other. So Mao Chuan thinks they are loyal and different. Biographies of women believe that people have never seen them ride horses, which hides their nature. River, the floorboard of flowing water in the north. The mainland, a habitable place in the water. Gentle and graceful, leisurely and carefree. Shu, people. A woman, called an unmarried woman, refers to the fact that Princess Wang Wen is a virgin. Gentleman refers to wang wen also. Good is also good. Yi, Pi also. Mao: Express deep affection for harmony. -Zhu note
Guan Guan, Mao Chuan: "Harmony": "Pigeons, Pigeons": Niu Yunzhen said: "It's just the word" Guan Guan ",clearly writing two pigeons. Sound first, then land, love. If it is' Dao Jiang pheasant, its sound is absolutely', the meaning is short. "
Mao Chuan: "Gentle and graceful, carefree. Shu, good. " In "Nine Songs Shan Gui", "Zi Muyu is gentle and graceful", Wang Yi notes: "Gentle and graceful, good."
The gentleman said, "According to Mao's order, six works were written by gentlemen. A gentleman thinks that he is a doctor, or that he is a general term for Qing, doctor and scholar, or that he is a sage, or that a woman is called a husband. " "As far as poetry is concerned, the word' gentleman' can be an emperor, a vassal, a doctor or a scholar." "The theory of virtue is an extended meaning, the name of a doctor and the social status of a wife as a husband." Mao Chuan: "Ma Ye." Press the button and you will still say a good word.
You, the legendary "Xieyu" of Mao, have many other synonyms. Li Shizhen said, "You are commonly known as the silk plate, the pool people call it the male beard, the Huai people call it the sub-plate, and the Jiangdong people call it the lotus seed", and so on. Gentianaceae, a perennial herb with roots attached to the bottom of the water and leaves floating on the water. It has been for food since ancient times. Lu Ji said, "Its white stems are soaked in bitter wine (pressed with vinegar), which is fat and beautiful." Lu Wenyu, a neighbor, said, "The old preserved fruit in Baiyangdian Lake in An 'an, Hebei Province is called day lily, and it is made of stems and petioles. When eating, peel it off with water and mix it with vinegar and oil, which is quite refreshing. "
Liu and Mao Chuan wrote the article "Erya Shi Yan". Zhu said, "Take it with the current."
Thinking and language auxiliary clothing, Mao Chuan: "Thinking is also." "Zhuangzi Tian Zifang" and "I forgot to wait on my daughter", Guo Xiang notes: "The person who waits thinks about existence."
Zhu Dao: "You are long and long." Press leisurely leisure, and the depth of missing is long.
Mao Chuan: "Choose also."
Playing clocks and drums with gold is a grand ceremony and fun. Wang Guowei said, "Play the music of gold with bells and drums; Doctor, it's just a drum. " According to this poem, "the music of bells and drums" is a kind of body language. Judging from the combination of musical instruments and ritual vessels in the two-week tomb, there is indeed a clear hierarchy in the use of stone music, even in the so-called "ritual collapse and bad music" in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. More than 2,000 tombs of Guo, Zheng, Sanjin and Zhou have been excavated in the Central Plains, and the unearthed chimes are limited to individual tombs with high burial standards, accounting for about 1% of the total. Judging from the production requirements of bronze musical chimes, this is also inevitable-not a "powerful person", but impossible. And all this coincides with the social characteristics reflected in the poem.
structure
Since ancient times, Guanju has been divided into two chapters. One is that every four sentences are a chapter, and the whole poem has five chapters. The other is divided into three chapters, with four sentences in the first chapter and eight sentences in the second and third chapters. Literally, I prefer the second method. The first chapter is a general introduction with an objective attitude; The second and third chapters begin with the hero. First of all, he said that he missed the lady and couldn't even sleep. Then, after he proposes to a lady, he will do everything possible to make her feel happy and comfortable. If the second chapter is close to reality, then the third chapter is romantic, and the lyric hero is intoxicated with the bright future of love success.
Artistic feature
This poem is incisive and incisive, especially in the third chapter. The hero is really considerate and caring for the woman he thinks. The first chapter "My Fair Lady" goes straight without even turning a small corner. However, since the second chapter, the details have increased. The young man tossed and turned all night because he was "asleep thinking about clothes", which is indeed a true expression. The more restless you sleep, the more ups and downs you feel; When people are in love, they always think optimistically, so he thinks about how lively the scene will be when they get married, how harmonious the feelings will be after marriage, and how happy life will be. All these reverie, are from "leisurely, show the opposite" insomnia conjured up. Although it is subjective wishful thinking, it is not beyond our power. Later, the playwright issued a statement on behalf of the people in the play, saying, "May all shall be well, jack shall have Jill", which was too exposed; The author of Guanju, however, filled his eyes with rich and complete imagination, which is really "happy without lewdness, sad without injury". What is rare is that this is a typical oriental tradition of China's normal view of love, that is, he wants to be a couple with a lady (as can be seen from the word "good"), not just as a couple (this is different from the works in Zheng Feng! ), this is certainly branded with the feudal ruling class, but it also reflects the traditional characteristics of the Han nationality.
"Xing" is a realistic skill, not bad. This poem is a matter of rivers and continents, obviously a folk product; The life of ancient working people (probably women) was seen in Cai You. We are strangers to picking, but we can understand the life of picking lotus, lotus root and diamond. Go down the river first, then take it to your hand, then cook it and serve it. It means that although a small thing is not easy to do (this is the real spirit of labor), it symbolizes the mood and twists and turns of a gentleman asking for a wife. When uncooked rice is cooked, it's time to "drum and play music", which means how long! At the same time, this kind of work is an immediate fact, not a virtual fantasy. It is both realistic and symbolic, which is a correct example of Bi Xing, and Bi Xing is the power of China's poetry. The queen is virtuous, but in the place where they dream of gathering pheasants, they may not see pheasant doves flying with me. However, this "Taishi" finally has a good eye for poetry. Unfortunately, the ancients did not know how to "learn from the people". (Xiaoru Publishing House: This passage comes from one of my post-robbery testimonials. It was written as my own words at that time, so it may be slightly different from the original text, so readers can learn it. )
This poem mainly shows good luck, and Mao legend says, "Master Xing." What is "Xing"? Kong's explanation is the most pertinent. He said in "Justice in Mao Poetry": "Anyone who is' Xing' will rise. Draw inferences from others, lead the whole class and open your heart. All the plants, animals and birds cited in Poetry are' Xing'. " The so-called "xing" is to arouse what is sung from other scenery as a sustenance. This is a euphemistic and implicit expression. Such a poem is based on the dove's "loyalty and difference", and a lady should be worthy of a gentleman; Miss with poor leek flow is hard to find; And leek are also "pick" and "win", and miss and miss are also "friends" and "happy". The advantage of this technique is that it has far-reaching influence and can produce more than enough effect.
This poem also uses some disyllabic rhyming words to enhance the harmonious beauty of poetic tone and the vividness of describing characters. For example, "graceful and restrained" rhymes; "Staggered" is disyllabic; "Tossing" is both a double tone and a rhyme. Use such words to modify actions, such as "tossing and turning"; Imitate images, such as My Fair Lady; Describing scenery, such as "jagged shepherd's purse", is vivid and vivid. Liu said in his Essay Notes: "The ancient voice ... proverbs mostly follow the nature, and the reason why they can be homophonic is that one sentence is Ye Yun, and the other is that the words with double rhymes are used between sentences." Although this poem is different from Ye Yun's, the use of disyllabic rhymes keeps the simple and natural style of ancient poetry.
In terms of rhyme, this poem adopts the way of even sentences entering rhyme. This even rhyme has dominated China's classical poetry for more than two thousand years. Moreover, the whole article rhymes three times, and the word "zhi" at the foot of the function word does not rhyme, but the previous word of the function word rhymes. This uneven change of rhythm greatly enhances the sense of rhythm and musical beauty of poetry.
We should understand Guan Ju from two aspects: poetry and music. As far as poetry is concerned, it is a "folk song", and the love between men and women is reflected in a folk custom. According to legend, the ancients had the custom of meeting men and women in mid-spring moon. "Zhou Li Local Officials and Media Officials" said: "Media officials (that is, media officials) are responsible for everyone's judgment (cooperation). ..... Mid-spring (February) makes men and women, so I can't bear it (I can't help running); Those who don't use the order for no reason will be punished, and those who have no husband will be punished. " The chant in Guanju may not be a record of this historical event, but this historical event helps us to understand the psychological state and customs of ancient men and women who met, fell in love and hoped to get married. The object of literary works is social life, and the description of social customs can more truly reproduce social life, so that social life can be integrated into the picture of social customs, which is more realistic. Guan Ju describes the love between men and women in ancient times as a social custom. As far as music is concerned, the whole poem is formed for harmony. Zheng Qiao's Preface to Tongzhi Yuefu Zheng Sheng said: "Those who tune words are called poems, and when they are sung, they are called songs. There is no poet who does not sing. " Zheng Qiao particularly emphasized the importance of temperament. All lively and vivid poems in ancient times can often be sung and pay attention to the harmony of timbre. Guanju uses repeated chapters and sentences, which shows that it is a song and a poem that lives in people's mouths. Of course, "Guanju" is a combination of expressing poetry and fast sound, and conveying poetry with tone. Zheng Xuan's Preface to Poetry said: "Yu Shu said:' Poetry expresses ambition, songs always say, sound is eternal, and law is harmonious.' However, what is the way of poetry? "
Writing background
Guan Ju, Shi and Guan Ju, Shi are a collection of Chinese poems, including 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. Chinese ancient poetry is rich in sources, with a heavy history of China literature, style, magnanimity and praise, which reflects the oppression and praise of the working people. Guanju is a love lyric poem, which has been circulated among the people for a long time.